PYE/MPL/M1 - wrong temperature calibration

Wrong calibration coefficients were applied to the temperature values.  These are 
engineering housekeeping data only.  The scientifically relevant measurements were unaffected.

• laser_temp
• detector_temp
• filter_temp
• instrument_temp

PYE/MWRP/M1 - Bias in Ground Relative Humidity Measurement

On June 17 2005, the MWRP was re-installed at PYE after the Super Blower was replaced by 
the old style dew blower. The relative humidity ground sensor in the dew blower is not as 
accurate. This resulted in a negative relative humidity bias of about 5.9 %. In other 
words the MWRP sensor was underestimating the relative humidity. The bias was determined by 
comparing MWRP measurements with SMET and radiosonde measurements. The MP.cfg file for 
the MWRP was changed to reflect this bias on 09/02/2005 and will take effect on 09/03/2005 
0000 GMT

• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)

NIM/MPL/M1 - False Positive Cloud Base Height Values During Solar Noon

As the laser ages, the output reduces.  This lowers the signal to noise ratio. The lower 
signal to noise ratio interferes with the cloud base height algorithm to correctly 
determine if a cloud is actually present. During solar noon the signal to noise ratio is the 
lowest. This condition results in many false positive values. The values start at a high 
altitude and progressively get lower as the sun gets to zenith. The trend reverses as the 
sun passes. The pattern in the data resembles a “V” shape starting 2 hours before solar 
noon to 2 hour past. A low incident of false positive values exists from 20051227. However, 
the condition becomes prominent on 20060303 - 20060420. The cloud base calibration table 
was modified to compensate for the lower signal to noise levels. 

Note: If a cloud is actually present, the cloud base algorithm will determine the height 
and report correctly. The false positive values are only a concern during cloud free 
conditions.

• Preliminary cloud base height(preliminary_cbh)

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Software problem

The MWRP computer failed and it was cloned with a new Gx620. Soon after, the MWRP program 
started to crash and was intermittent. Data were lost on March 3, 4, 5. 
On March 7 the program was forcefully ended and restarted. This appears to have cleared 
the problem. The instrument has been running since.

• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• time_offset
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• frequency
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)
• elevation
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• wetWindowFlag
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• surface pressure(pressure)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• infraredTemperature
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• CAPE, Convective available potential energy(cape)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• dataQualityFlags
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• base_time
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• temperatureRmsError
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• azimuth
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• time
• East longitude(lon)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• North latitude(lat)
• blackbodyTemperature
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• MET air temperature(temperature)

PYE/MPL/M1 - Erroneous temperatures

The temperature readings for the laser, detector, and instrument are erroneous.  Incorrect 
calibration factors; data should not be used.  This time period is prior to the official 
start of the PYE deployment.

• laser_temp
• detector_temp
• instrument_temp

PYE/MPL/M1 - Intermittent Double Pulse from MPL laser

When Spectra Physics discontinued support for their laser diode power supply, an 
alternative was needed to extend the usefulness of the Spectra Physics laser head inside the MPLs. 
 The solution was to use a Coherent laser diode. Unfortunately, the Coherent diode 
lasers do not have the exact same characteristics as the Spectra Physics diode lasers. As a 
result, the output of the Spectra Physics laser head sometimes produces a second pulse 
close in time but lower in intensity from the first main pulse. This is known as “double pulsing”.

Not all of the Spectra Physics/Coherent combination systems produce a double pulse and the 
systems that do produce a double pulse do not always exhibit this behavior. It can be 
identified by a second peak at ~.2km. At first glance the signal in the data will resemble 
a low aerosol or cloud layer. When the double pulse is weak, the atmospheric signal will 
obscure the double pulse signal. At the ARM sites with a sunshade such as TWP and AMF, 
the double pulse can be seen when the sunshade closes during solar noon. When the sunshade 
closes, the MPL does not see atmospheric signal so the second pulse is evident. At SGP, a 
daily window cleaning is part of the routine. During this time the double pulse can be 
seen. Without a sunshade or window cleaning it is impossible to say definitively if double 
pulse is present. 

The first system to produce a double pulse was MPL s/n 008 located at TWP – C2 Nauru in 
February 2005. The second system was MPL s/n 004 located at SGP in August 2005. The 
potential for the other systems to produce a double pulse is high. However, as of March 2006, 
the MPLs at NSA, TWP – C1, TWP – C3 and AMF have not recorded data with the double pulse 
artifact. 

The ARM program is in the process of replacing all the MPLs with a newer model. After the 
new MPLs are deployed the double pulse problem should not be an issue. The old systems 
will be relegated as spares. The double pulse problem will return if an old system is 
needed to replace a failed new system.

• detector_counts

NIM/MPL/M1 - Intermittent Double Pulse from MPL laser

When Spectra Physics discontinued support for their laser diode power supply, an 
alternative was needed to extend the usefulness of the Spectra Physics laser head inside the MPLs. 
 The solution was to use a Coherent laser diode. Unfortunately, the Coherent diode 
lasers do not have the exact same characteristics as the Spectra Physics diode lasers. As a 
result, the output of the Spectra Physics laser head sometimes produces a second pulse 
close in time but lower in intensity from the first main pulse. This is known as “double pulsing”.

Not all of the Spectra Physics/Coherent combination systems produce a double pulse and the 
systems that do produce a double pulse do not always exhibit this behavior. It can be 
identified by a second peak at ~.2km. At first glance the signal in the data will resemble 
a low aerosol or cloud layer. When the double pulse is weak, the atmospheric signal will 
obscure the double pulse signal. At the ARM sites with a sunshade such as TWP and AMF, 
the double pulse can be seen when the sunshade closes during solar noon. When the sunshade 
closes, the MPL does not see atmospheric signal so the second pulse is evident. At SGP, a 
daily window cleaning is part of the routine. During this time the double pulse can be 
seen. Without a sunshade or window cleaning it is impossible to say definitively if double 
pulse is present. 

The first system to produce a double pulse was MPL s/n 008 located at TWP – C2 Nauru in 
February 2005. The second system was MPL s/n 004 located at SGP in August 2005. The 
potential for the other systems to produce a double pulse is high. However, as of March 2006, 
the MPLs at NSA, TWP – C1, TWP – C3 and AMF have not recorded data with the double pulse 
artifact. 

The ARM program is in the process of replacing all the MPLs with a newer model. After the 
new MPLs are deployed the double pulse problem should not be an issue. The old systems 
will be relegated as spares. The double pulse problem will return if an old system is 
needed to replace a failed new system.

• detector_counts

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Instrument noise problem

There are spikes and elevated noise in MWRP data. The origine of the spikes is RF 
interference from various sources.  All brightness temperatures are affected, but in particular 
the 5 K-band channels. LWP retrievals are noisy and affected by spikes as a result.

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)

NIM/MWRP/M1 - IRT Sensor Calibration

Discrepancies between the MWRP and Skyrad IRT were observed in January. The MWRP IRT 
readings were constantly higher than those of the skyrad IRT. Some changes were introduced to 
the MWRP IRT to address the problem (see DQR D060602.2). On May 3, the IRT mirror was 
replaced. After the change in the mirror, the MWRP IRT readings became about 5-8 C lower. On 
June 3 the agreement between MWRP and Skyrad IRT became satisfactory (2-5 degree C 
difference).

It is hard to numerically quantify the difference in the IRT readings caused by the change 
in the mirror. We can only warn the user that between January 1 and June 3 the MWRP 
readings are 8 to 15 degree higher than the skyrad IRT.

• infraredTemperature

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: IRT configuration setting error

The infrared thermometer settings (IRT) were not configured as specified by the 
manufacturer. The analog output was set to a range of -60 to +50 C (0-10V) instead of -50 to +50 C 
(0-10V). The settings were changed on April 20. The IR temperatures should be slightly 
smaller than reported.

The data have been reprocessed to correct the IRT calibrations.  Reprocessed data were 
archived in August 2006.

• infraredTemperature

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed - New retrieval coefficients

Occasionally, the retrieved relative humidity was exceeding 120%. Upon reviewing the data 
it was noticed that the high values were appearing in the highest layers (above 8 km) and 
especially during spring season. Since retrievals at the highest levels are mainly 
affected by the climatology used to constrain the retrievals, we reviewed the statistical 
coefficients that were used to retrieve temperature and humidity. It was discovered that, in 
the training dataset (radiosonde), there were a few outliers (invalid radiosonde 
soundings) that had escaped the screening process and were affecting the computations of the 
retrieval coefficients.

We recomputed the retrieval coefficients with the newly screened set of radiosonde data 
and reprocessed all the previous data at Niamey.  The reprocessed data were archived in 
August 2006.

The new coefficients improve temperature and humidity profiles in two ways. The relative 
humidity will not exceed 120% in the upper layers and the temperature profiles will be in 
better agreement with the sonde in the first 4 km.

• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• temperatureRmsError
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)

NIM/MWRP/M1 - 51.25 GHz channel calibration drifted

After a power outage on May 5 the 51.25 GHz had a slight change in the calibration. The 
resulting LWP computed by using all 6 channels increased of about 0.025 mm (25 g/m2).

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Sun in radiometer's field of view

Around noon local time every day there is a spike in the brightness temperature data. This 
is due to the sun being in the field of view of the radiometer. PWV and LWP are affected 
as a consequence

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• infraredTemperature
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError

NIM/MWRP/M1 - IRTs do not agree with AERI

Since deployment at PYE, and then at NIM, the AMF SKYRAD IRT measured about 10K higher sky 
temperatures than the AERI and the MWRP IRT measured about 20K higher than the AERI.  
Several actions were taken to diagnose the problem including confirming the correct 
configuration of the IRTs and data logger, cleaning the mirror and lens, and replacing the mirror.

After several days of rain beginning 6/2/2006, the three instruments came into agreement. 
The cause of the discrepancy was probably dust accumulation on the lens of the instrument

• infraredTemperature

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: K-band calibration drift corrected

During October and November there was a drift in the K-Band calibration of the MWRP. This 
resulted in brightness temperatures that were too high.

New calibration coefficients were derived from the median value of the noise diode 
temperature for the months of October and November and the data were reprocessed to apply the 
corrected calibrations.  The reprocessed data were archived in January 2007.

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)

FKB/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: Incorrect calibration

The software was started with the wrong calibration data.

Data reprocessed 2071227.

• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• liquidWaterPathRmsError

FKB/MPL/M1 - Striping of vertical time section for signal return

Vertical stripes were showing up in the MPLPOL backscatter plots. Problem was likely 
associated with turbulence from the heating fan air blowing in front of telescope.

Data are still good for almost all uses.  In particular, cloud detection algorithms are 
unaffected.  Depolarization is seemingly unaffected.  Only in possible calculation of 
extinction will this be a possible problem.

• signal_return

FKB/MWRP/M1 - LN2 Calibration-

Between 1100 and 1500 there were two calibration attempts.

• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• North latitude(lat)
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• elevation
• blackbodyTemperature
• time_offset
• wetWindowFlag
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• dataQualityFlags
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• surface pressure(pressure)
• base_time
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• MET air temperature(temperature)
• frequency
• East longitude(lon)
• azimuth
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• time
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• CAPE, Convective available potential energy(cape)
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• temperatureRmsError
• infraredTemperature
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• liquidWaterPathRmsError

FKB/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: Updated 30-GHz calibration coefficient

On 9/17 the instrument was calibrated with liquid nitrogen. For the 30-GHz channel the 
results of calibration were not optimal and were causing a negative bias in the retrieved 
LWP.

On 10/9 the 30-GHz calibration parameters were updated with values derived from tip 
curves.

Data between 9/17 and 10/9 were reprocessed to correct the 30-GHz calibration.  
Reprocessed data were archived 20080122.

• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)

FKB/MWRP/M1 - Heavy rain and fog at the site

The months of November and December have been very rainy and wet at the AMF site. During 
rain events the radiometer does not work properly because of water accumulating on the 
window. In addition condensation and fog will affect the data causing very high brightness 
temperatures. Although the instrument is equipped with rain detection system to flag bad 
data, it is important that the user pays extra attention to the quality of the data during 
periods of continuous rain, drizzle or fog by applying the quality checks and screening 
for high brightness temperatures.

• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)

FKB/MWRP/M1 - Possible slight drift of V-band calibration

During the month of November and December the bias between model computations and 
measurements for the 51.25 and 52.28 GHz channels has slightly increased to about 3 K. This might 
be due to a slight drift in the calibration of these channels.

The calibration error associated with these data is increased, to 2-3 K, for these two 
months. See this plot for a comparison of measurements (solid lines) and model (red 
dots) for the 51.25 (black), 52.28 (blue) and 53.85-GHz (green) channels.

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)

FKB/MWRP/M1 - Periodic decrease in the 30-GHz brightness temperature

Starting around 12/19 until the end of December, the 30-GHz brightness temperature started 
to show a periodic oscillation between 9 and 11 AM GMT. The cause of this is probably 
thermal instability of the radiometer since it does correspond with some larger 
oscillations of the mixer temperature. During this time external temperatures displayed large 
variations going from -10 C at night to about +5 C during the day. The corresponding liquid 
water path retrievals are affected showing periodic negative values.

Liquid water path retrievals between 12/19 and 12/31 are the most affected variable since 
they are largely affected by the 30-GHz channel. A time series plot of the data will 
clearly show the periodic fluctuation of the LWP variable.

• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)

HFE/MPL/M1 - Frosting/Condensation

On various days during the China deployment, condensation accumulated on the view port 
window of the MPL and compromised its capability to detect clouds.  This problem most often 
occurred during nighttime hours from May through early September.  

During the listed times, cloud retrievals and aerosol profiles should be considered 
doubtful or in error.

The dates/times of occurrence are:
16:00-23:59 GMT on 05/18
17:00-22:00 GMT on 05/23
20:00-22:00 GMT on 05/25
15:00-23:59 GMT on 06/07
17:00-23:59 GMT on 06/08
15:00-23:00 GMT on 06/09
14:00-18:00 GMT on 06/18
18:00-21:00 GMT on 06/21
14:00-16:00 GMT on 06/23
16:00-21:00 GMT on 06/27
17:00-20:00 GMT on 06/28
      22:00 GMT on 06/29
19:00-23:00 GMT on 06/30
13:30-22:30 GMT on 07/02
16:00-17:30 GMT on 07/03 
20:30-22:00 GMT on 07/03
21:30-22:30 GMT on 07/05
13:00-22:00 GMT on 07/06
17:00-18:00 GMT on 07/07
21:00-22:30 GMT on 07/07
16:00-23:59 GMT on 07/10
11:00-23:00 GMT on 07/11
18:00-23:00 GMT on 07/12
15:00-16:00 GMT on 07/13
18:00-23:59 GMT on 07/14
18:00-21:00 GMT on 07/15
17:30-23:00 GMT on 07/16
17:00-23:00 GMT on 07/17
13:00-23:30 GMT on 07/20
18:00-23:00 GMT on 07/24
21:00-23:00 GMT on 07/25
21:00-22:30 GMT on 07/27
12:00-23:59 GMT on 08/02
16:00-21:30 GMT on 08/03
16:00-23:00 GMT on 08/04
14:00-22:30 GMT on 08/05
19:00-23:00 GMT on 08/07
19:00-21:30 GMT on 08/08
15:00-23:30 GMT on 08/10
17:30-23:30 GMT on 08/12
14:00-15:00 GMT on 08/14
16:30-22:30 GMT on 08/14
21:30-22:30 GMT on 08/17
12:00-23:59 GMT on 08/18
12:00-13:30 GMT on 08/19
20:00-23:30 GMT on 08/19
15:00-23:59 GMT on 08/20
11:00-23:59 GMT on 08/22
11:00-23:30 GMT on 08/23
12:00-23:30 GMT on 08/25
13:00-23:30 GMT on 08/26
16:30-23:59 GMT on 08/27
17:00-23:00 GMT on 08/31
15:00-23:59 GMT on 09/01
15:00-20:00 GMT on 09/02
19:30-23:59 GMT on 09/05
16:30-22:30 GMT on 09/09
19:30-23:59 GMT on 09/12
20:30-23:59 GMT on 09/15
14:00-16:30 GMT on 09/16
19:00-23:59 GMT on 09/16
20:30-23:59 GMT on 10/29
22:00-23:59 GMT on 11/01
20:00-23:59 GMT on 11/23
00:00-02:00 GMT on 11/24

• range
• background_signal_std_cross_pol
• Attenuated backscatter, copol(signal_return_co_pol)
• Attenuated backscatter, cross pol(signal_return_cross_pol)
• range_offset
• range_bins
• energy_monitor
• aqc_signal_return_co_pol
• aqc_signal_return_cross_pol
• base_time
• background_signal_co_pol
• polarization_control_voltage_co_pol
• shots_per_sample
• North latitude(lat)
• max_altitude
• dead_time_corrected
• background_signal_cross_pol
• num_bins
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, cross-pol(preliminary_cbh_cross_pol)
• range_bin_width
• laser_temp
• nsamples_cross_pol_average
• scope_temp
• detector_temp
• polarization_control_voltage_cross_pol
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• time_offset
• nsamples_co_pol_average
• background_signal_std_co_pol
• East longitude(lon)
• time
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, co-pol(preliminary_cbh_co_pol)
• num_channels
• pulse_rep

• shots_per_sample
• num_channels
• dead_time_corrected
• range
• range_bin_width
• Attenuated backscatter, cross pol(signal_return_cross_pol)
• polarization_control_voltage_cross_pol
• detector_temp
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• background_signal_cross_pol
• background_signal_std_co_pol
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, co-pol(preliminary_cbh_co_pol)
• East longitude(lon)
• aqc_signal_return_co_pol
• max_altitude
• North latitude(lat)
• polarization_control_voltage_co_pol
• scope_temp
• time_offset
• background_signal_std_cross_pol
• pulse_rep
• background_signal_co_pol
• aqc_signal_return_cross_pol
• nsamples_co_pol_average
• num_bins
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, cross-pol(preliminary_cbh_cross_pol)
• nsamples_cross_pol_average
• range_bins
• energy_monitor
• time
• base_time
• Attenuated backscatter, copol(signal_return_co_pol)
• laser_temp
• range_offset

• range
• num_channels
• polarization_control
• num_bins
• scope_temp
• East longitude(lon)
• detector_temp
• shots_per_avg
• polarization_control_voltage
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• pulse_rep
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• background_signal_std
• North latitude(lat)
• base_time
• energy_monitor
• range_bins
• max_altitude
• laser_temp
• Preliminary cloud base height(preliminary_cbh)
• signal_return
• range_bin_width
• time
• time_offset
• range_offset
• background_signal
• range_bin_time
• dead_time_corrected

HFE/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessing Notice (RID 574)

See below for details of reprocessing that was completed on 20141028.  Original DQR 
category: 3 (Yellow, Suspect).

-----------------------------------------------------------

Since local radiosondes were not available, radiosondes from a different site were used to 
develop retrieval coefficients. LWP retrievals are biased in the summer months 
(June-September).  Data in May and December are not affected.

Additional analysis will be conducted to derive new retrieval coefficients and the data 
will be reprocessed.

• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)

GRW/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: Updated calibration coefficients

On 5/15 the K-band calibrations were updated with coefficients derived from tip curves.  
The 20090501-20090515 data were reprocessed to apply the updated calibration coefficients.

• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)

GRW/MWRP/M1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• MET air temperature(temperature)
• temperatureRmsError
• blackbodyTemperature
• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• CAPE, Convective available potential energy(cape)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• dataQualityFlags
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• East longitude(lon)
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• surface pressure(pressure)
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• azimuth
• frequency
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• time_offset
• elevation
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• base_time
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• infraredTemperature
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• North latitude(lat)
• time
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• wetWindowFlag
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)

GRW/MPL/M1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, co-pol(preliminary_cbh_co_pol)
• pulse_rep
• nsamples_co_pol_average
• background_signal_co_pol
• East longitude(lon)
• polarization_control_voltage_cross_pol
• background_signal_cross_pol
• base_time
• time
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• time_offset
• North latitude(lat)
• range_bin_width
• Attenuated backscatter, copol(signal_return_co_pol)
• aqc_signal_return_cross_pol
• range
• range_offset
• num_channels
• scope_temp
• Attenuated backscatter, cross pol(signal_return_cross_pol)
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• energy_monitor
• num_bins
• max_altitude
• laser_temp
• dead_time_corrected
• background_signal_std_co_pol
• detector_temp
• background_signal_std_cross_pol
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, cross-pol(preliminary_cbh_cross_pol)
• nsamples_cross_pol_average
• range_bins
• shots_per_sample
• aqc_signal_return_co_pol
• polarization_control_voltage_co_pol

• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• scope_temp
• Attenuated backscatter, copol(signal_return_co_pol)
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, co-pol(preliminary_cbh_co_pol)
• shots_per_sample
• nsamples_co_pol_average
• North latitude(lat)
• energy_monitor
• range_offset
• time
• max_altitude
• base_time
• polarization_control_voltage_cross_pol
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, cross-pol(preliminary_cbh_cross_pol)
• time_offset
• num_bins
• Attenuated backscatter, cross pol(signal_return_cross_pol)
• aqc_signal_return_co_pol
• range
• num_channels
• polarization_control_voltage_co_pol
• background_signal_std_co_pol
• background_signal_co_pol
• pulse_rep
• laser_temp
• background_signal_cross_pol
• background_signal_std_cross_pol
• nsamples_cross_pol_average
• range_bin_width
• aqc_signal_return_cross_pol
• East longitude(lon)
• detector_temp
• dead_time_corrected
• range_bins
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)

• North latitude(lat)
• energy_monitor
• polarization_control_voltage
• pulse_rep
• background_signal
• East longitude(lon)
• polarization_control
• range_bin_time
• scope_temp
• detector_temp
• num_channels
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• shots_per_avg
• time
• range_bins
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• laser_temp
• num_bins
• range
• Preliminary cloud base height(preliminary_cbh)
• signal_return
• range_bin_width
• max_altitude
• background_signal_std
• base_time
• time_offset
• dead_time_corrected
• range_offset

GRW/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: Re-calibration

After the new dewblower was installed there was a shift in the calibration of the 
instrument. The instrument was calibrated on 8/29. Data between 8/19 and 8/29 have been 
reprocessed to apply the new calibrations.  Reprocessed data were archived in December 2009.

• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)

GRW/MWRP/M1 - Failed LN2 calibration

On 4/28 we tried to perform a LN2 calibration. Because of high humidity and lack of heater 
the calibration was unsuccessful and wrong calibration coefficients were uploaded in the 
configuration file. At 14:10 UTC the old configuration file was reinstated.

• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)

GRW/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: Updated calibration coefficients

On 9/8/2010 the calibration of of the K-band channels was updated. This caused a slight 
decrease of the retrieved liquid water path. 

Updated calibrations have been applied to data from 7/1-9/8.  The LWP was decreased 
slightly as a result of the recalibration.  Reprocessed data were archived in November 2010.

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)

GRW/MWRP/M1 - Temp/RH sensor failure

The temperature and humidity sensor failed causing software crashes and poor retrieval 
quality.

Surface temperature and humidity are incorrect and the bad temperature readings affected 
the retrievals. Users should completely disregard retrievals from this instrument.

• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)

GRW/MPL/M1 - Time clock Error

Domain Time II was not installed or working properly on the MPLPOL instrument at the 
initial start at GRW.  The clock was off by 5 minutes 55 seconds at the beginning of the 
period and drifted further so it was off by 6 minutes 8 seconds at the end of the time period.

• time
• base_time
• time_offset

• base_time
• time_offset
• time

• time_offset
• time
• base_time

PGH/MWRP/M1 - Incorrect retrievals

Retrievals from this instrument are affected by the wrong surface temperature and humidity 
readings. Retrievals are wrong until 2/2/2012 when the dewblower was replaced.

• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• MET air temperature(temperature)

PGH/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: Time corrected

The computer clock had the daylight saving on so the measurements time was off 1 hr. The 
setting was changed on 7/15. Data for 20110620-20110715 were time corrected and 
reprocessed.

• time
• time_offset

PGH/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: Incorrect V-band calibration

The V-band calibration was incorrect. An LN2 calibration was conducted and the data were 
reprocessed with updated calibrations at the conclusion of the campaign.  The reprocessed 
data were archived in July 2012.

• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)

PGH/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: Incorrect retrieval coefficients

All retrievals were incorrect because the retrieval coefficients were not available for 
this site. Data were reprocessed at the end of the deployment after the coefficients were 
derived by the mentor.  Reprocessed data were archived in July 2012.

• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• temperatureRmsError
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)

PGH/MWRP/M1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• infraredTemperature
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• frequency
• time
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• CAPE, Convective available potential energy(cape)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• wetWindowFlag
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• azimuth
• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• base_time
• North latitude(lat)
• East longitude(lon)
• blackbodyTemperature
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• dataQualityFlags
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• temperatureRmsError
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• surface pressure(pressure)
• time_offset
• elevation

PGH/MWRP/M1 - Channel interference

The 23.834-GHz channel was displaying high noise levels. It started with intermittent 
noise, but became more persistent with time. The problem was identified as interference from 
the near-by MWR. On 12/7 the radiometers were re-oriented and the noise level went down.

• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)

PGH/MWRP/M1 - Incorrect surface temperature and humidity

The surface readings of temperature and humidity are wrong. The sensor needs to be 
replaced. The sensor and dewblower were replaced on Feb 2 2012.

The incorrect surface temperature and humidity will cause wrong retrievals as well.

• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)

PVC/MWRP/M1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable

• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)
• North latitude(lat)
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• temperatureRmsError
• elevation
• frequency
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• time_offset
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• surface pressure(pressure)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• infraredTemperature
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• time
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• Mixing ratio, water vap., vert. prof. sfc-10km, frm retr. water vap. dens. prof(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• MET air temperature(temperature)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Temperature, dew point, vert. prof. sfc-10km, from water vapor density prof.(dewpointTemperature)
• wetWindowFlag
• base_time
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• dataQualityFlags
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• East longitude(lon)
• blackbodyTemperature
• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• azimuth
• CAPE, Convective available potential energy(cape)

MAO/MPLCMASK/M1 - Reprocessing Notice (RID 1139)

See below for details of reprocessing that was completed on 20140807.  Original DQR 
category:
4 (Red, Incorrect).

-----------------------------------------------------------

Linear depolarization ratio calculation is incorrect in the VAP processing code.

• linear_depol_ratio

FKB/MPLCMASK/M1 - Reprocessing Notice (RID 1141)

See below for details of reprocessing that was completed on 20140807.  Original DQR 
category: 4 (Red, Incorrect).

-----------------------------------------------------------

Linear depolarization ratio calculation is incorrect in the VAP processing code.

• linear_depol_ratio

GAN/MPLCMASK/M1 - Reprocessing Notice (RID 1142)

See below for details of reprocessing that was completed on 20140807.  Original DQR 
category: 4 (Red, Incorrect).

-----------------------------------------------------------

Linear depolarization ratio calculation is incorrect in the VAP processing code.

• linear_depol_ratio

HFE/MPLCMASK/M1 - Reprocessing Notice (RID 1143)

See below for details of reprocessing that was completed on 20140807.  Original DQR 
category: 4 (Red, Incorrect).

-----------------------------------------------------------

Linear depolarization ratio calculation is incorrect in the VAP processing code.

• linear_depol_ratio

PVC/MPLCMASK/M1 - Reprocessing Notice (RID 1144)

See below for details of reprocessing that was completed on 20140807.  Original DQR 
category: 4 (Red, Incorrect).

-----------------------------------------------------------

Linear depolarization ratio calculation is incorrect in the VAP processing code.

• linear_depol_ratio

OLI/CEIL/M1 - Environmental

Site lost power.

• window_transmission
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• measurement_parameters
• qc_alt_highest_signal
• qc_window_transmission
• status_flag
• base_time
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• background_light
• time_offset
• time
• laser_temperature
• tilt_angle
• qc_first_cbh
• Backscatter, ceilometer, range and sensitivity corrected(backscatter)
• time_bounds
• qc_background_light
• North latitude(lat)
• qc_laser_temperature
• sum_backscatter
• qc_third_cbh
• vertical_visibility
• qc_laser_pulse_energy
• laser_pulse_energy
• Cloud, base height, lowest base sensed(first_cbh)
• qc_second_cbh
• range
• alt_highest_signal
• qc_tilt_angle
• detection_status
• Cloud, base height, second lowest base sensed(second_cbh)
• range_bounds
• qc_vertical_visibility
• East longitude(lon)
• status_string
• qc_sum_backscatter

OLI/CEIL/M1 - Environmental conditions caused missing data

Extreme weather prevented fueling of the emergency generator that was providing site 
power. The site data system was gracefully shut down.

• window_transmission
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• measurement_parameters
• qc_alt_highest_signal
• qc_window_transmission
• status_flag
• base_time
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• background_light
• time_offset
• time
• laser_temperature
• tilt_angle
• qc_first_cbh
• Backscatter, ceilometer, range and sensitivity corrected(backscatter)
• time_bounds
• qc_background_light
• North latitude(lat)
• qc_laser_temperature
• sum_backscatter
• qc_third_cbh
• vertical_visibility
• qc_laser_pulse_energy
• laser_pulse_energy
• Cloud, base height, lowest base sensed(first_cbh)
• qc_second_cbh
• range
• alt_highest_signal
• qc_tilt_angle
• detection_status
• Cloud, base height, second lowest base sensed(second_cbh)
• range_bounds
• qc_vertical_visibility
• East longitude(lon)
• status_string
• qc_sum_backscatter

OLI/CEIL/M1 - Environmental conditions resulted in missing data

A transient power anomaly occurred and severe weather prevented site operators from 
getting to the site.

• window_transmission
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• measurement_parameters
• qc_alt_highest_signal
• qc_window_transmission
• status_flag
• base_time
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• background_light
• time_offset
• time
• laser_temperature
• tilt_angle
• qc_first_cbh
• Backscatter, ceilometer, range and sensitivity corrected(backscatter)
• time_bounds
• qc_background_light
• North latitude(lat)
• qc_laser_temperature
• sum_backscatter
• qc_third_cbh
• vertical_visibility
• qc_laser_pulse_energy
• laser_pulse_energy
• Cloud, base height, lowest base sensed(first_cbh)
• qc_second_cbh
• range
• alt_highest_signal
• qc_tilt_angle
• detection_status
• Cloud, base height, second lowest base sensed(second_cbh)
• range_bounds
• qc_vertical_visibility
• East longitude(lon)
• status_string
• qc_sum_backscatter

OLI/CEIL/M1 - Environmental

The site was without power.

• window_transmission
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• measurement_parameters
• qc_alt_highest_signal
• qc_window_transmission
• status_flag
• base_time
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• background_light
• time_offset
• time
• laser_temperature
• tilt_angle
• qc_first_cbh
• Backscatter, ceilometer, range and sensitivity corrected(backscatter)
• time_bounds
• qc_background_light
• North latitude(lat)
• qc_laser_temperature
• sum_backscatter
• qc_third_cbh
• vertical_visibility
• qc_laser_pulse_energy
• laser_pulse_energy
• Cloud, base height, lowest base sensed(first_cbh)
• qc_second_cbh
• range
• alt_highest_signal
• qc_tilt_angle
• detection_status
• Cloud, base height, second lowest base sensed(second_cbh)
• range_bounds
• qc_vertical_visibility
• East longitude(lon)
• status_string
• qc_sum_backscatter

MAO/MWRP/M1 - Reprocess: High precipitable water vapor

The precipitable water vapor appears to have a high bias that appears to be due to 
brightness temperatures being calibrated 1.5-2 K too warm. 
The reason for the calibration bias is not known and several attempts at correcting it 
have not been successful. The liquid water path is not affected as much.

• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)

MAO/MWRP/M1 - Sun in the radiometer's field of view

Every day there is a large increase in brightness temperature due to the sun entering the 
field of view of the radiometer.

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)

OLI/DL/DLPROF/M1 - Reprocess: Incorrect serial number

The instrument serial number that appears in the netcdf files global attributes is 
incorrect. The correct serial number is 0514-83.

• base_time