SHB/GNDRAD/C1  - Surface viewed by sensors is disturbed

At some point during this period, a load of snow was removed from the arms of the GNDRAD 
stand and deposited onto the surface directly underneath the sensors. Up to 4cm of snow 
had fallen just prior to this event.

• logger_temp

SHB/GNDRAD/C1  - GNDRAD stand relocated

GNDRAD stand relocation was required. Re-installation and leveling at the new location was 
completed by 03/28/98.

• East longitude(lon)
• qc_up_long_hemisp_max
• qc_up_short_hemisp
• vBatt
• Irradiance, shortwave, upwelling, hemispheric, 10 meter(up_short_hemisp)
• inst_up_long_hemisp_dome_temp
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• qc_up_long_hemisp
• inst_up_long_hemisp_case_temp
• time_offset
• qc_time
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• inst_up_long_hemisp_tp
• qc_sfc_ir_temp_min
• qc_sfc_ir_temp_max
• qc_sfc_ir_temp
• logger_temp
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• qc_up_short_hemisp_min
• up_long_hemisp_std
• qc_up_long_hemisp_min
• qc_up_short_hemisp_max
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• base_time
• North latitude(lat)
• time

SHB/GNDRAD/C1  - Domes covered with rain droplets

Heavy rain and fog commenced on 07/01/98 (approximately 14:00). The operator reported on 
07/01 at 23:30 that the domes were covered in rain droplets. Since the exact starting time 
is unknown, the last confirmed time of a clean dome is logged here. Furthermore, the 
operator did not report a cleaning until 07/04/98 so that is used as the end time for this 
period of questionable data.

• East longitude(lon)
• time_offset
• logger_temp
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• base_time
• North latitude(lat)

SHB/GNDRAD/C1  - Data logger blown fuse

The data logger was not working during this time period. The problem turned out to be a 
blown fuse. The fuse was replaced and normal operation was restored on the end time noted 
on this record. Also during this time period, the local operator reports that the surface 
was disturbed at some times during the repair.

• East longitude(lon)
• time_offset
• logger_temp
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• base_time
• North latitude(lat)

SHB/GNDRAD/C1  - GNDRAD stand relocated

Due to breakup of the floe on which the GNDRAD stand was located, the GNDRAD lost power 
and relocation was required.

• East longitude(lon)
• qc_up_long_hemisp_max
• qc_up_short_hemisp
• vBatt
• Irradiance, shortwave, upwelling, hemispheric, 10 meter(up_short_hemisp)
• inst_up_long_hemisp_dome_temp
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• qc_up_long_hemisp
• inst_up_long_hemisp_case_temp
• time_offset
• qc_time
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• inst_up_long_hemisp_tp
• qc_sfc_ir_temp_min
• qc_sfc_ir_temp_max
• qc_sfc_ir_temp
• logger_temp
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• qc_up_short_hemisp_min
• up_long_hemisp_std
• qc_up_long_hemisp_min
• qc_up_short_hemisp_max
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• base_time
• North latitude(lat)
• time

SHEBA/GNDRAD/GNDMFR - GNDRAD stand cables were disconnected

The ice supporting the GNDRAD stand was unstable at this time causing
damage to cables and other items. The GNDRAD stand was disconnected at
12:00 GMT 02/05/98 and re-connected  5:47 GMT 02/06/98.

• psp1_sd
• East longitude(lon)
• external_voltage
• irt1_min
• irt1_mean
• filename
• net_mean
• psp1_max
• internal_voltage
• time_offset
• psp1_min
• net_sd
• bit_data
• irt1_max
• logger_temp
• net_min
• pir1_mean
• pir1_sd
• psp1_mean
• net_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_max
• irt1_sd
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• base_time
• North latitude(lat)

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - Water spots on IRT Lens

IRT Lens had water spots on it.  Spots were removed with ethanol on a
lens cloth. The	exact starting time is unknown,	but is conservatively
set to the time of the previous inspection time.

• irt1_mean
• irt1_sd
• irt1_min
• irt1_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT and SKYRAD operations problem

SKYRAD had operations problem and on 3/3/1998 the IRT was disconnected
to see if that would improve the performance.  The spare IRT was tested
but it had problems. The original IRT was reconnected on 3/07/1998 at
7 GMT.

• irt1_mean
• irt1_sd
• irt1_min
• irt1_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT Intermittent data loss

Intermittent data drop outs in this period, especially
towards the end. Replacement instrument was put in place
on 3/28/1998.

• irt1_mean
• irt1_sd
• irt1_min
• irt1_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT data incorrect

IRT data are incorrect.  Possibly result of abrupt temperature
and humidity changes.  IRT was replaced after third instance.

• irt1_mean
• irt1_sd
• irt1_min
• irt1_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - Spike in IRT data

Spike in IRT data at the indicated times.

• irt1_mean
• irt1_sd
• irt1_min
• irt1_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - NIP Frosting

Frost on sensor window.  Exact starting	time is	unknown
so time	of last	confirmed clean	window was used.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - NIP Skystand vibration

With winds gusting in excess of 20 knots, the stand may have
been shaking slightly. The snow	and ice	has melted away	around
the skirt of the ablation shield and underneath, so the Skystand
is not as sturdy compared to 2 weeks ago.  The NIP has a very
narrow view angle and a slight tilt of the platform may cause
the NIP to lose signal due to incorrect solar alignment. 

Since the exact amplitude of shaking is not known these data are
considered suspect.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - NIP Alignment

The solar alignment dot was nowhere near the ring. After 
alignment the dot was entirely within the white ring.	
During regular rounds a	few hours later, it was not 
sunny enough to tell.  When the solar alignment dot is 
outside the alignment ring the NIP will not be measuring
the direct solar irradiance.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - NIP Alignment

The dot was not in the white ring at all until the solar tracker
was aligned with the sun using the NIP dot at 2342 Aug 1.  When
the solar alignment dot is outside the alignment ring the NIP will
not be measuring the direct solar irradiance.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - Spike in NIP data

Spike in data due to instrument maintenance work

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - NIP Alignment

Dot was about 3 degrees left of the white ring at
2300 Aug 19.  Sunlight was intermittent, so it was
not possible to recheck the dot after adjustment
at 2307 Aug 19. 

When the solar alignment dot is outside the alignment 
ring the NIP will not be measuring the direct solar
irradiance.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/NIP/C1 -  Unchecked data

This information is automatically generated from a data base. There may be errors in the 
measurement names or measurement names for certain data streams may not as yet have been 
loaded into the data base.
	 Data not checked for quality or existence due to data system problems.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/MFRSR/C1 - Sun Below Horizon

During the time period indicated the sun was
below the horizon.  Solar signal below noise
level.

• psp1_sd
• psp1_mean
• psp1_max
• psp1_min

• psp1_mean
• uvb_min
• psp1_max
• psp1_min
• nip_mean
• uvb_mean
• uvb_max
• psp1_sd
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• uvb_sd
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - Noise in PIR Diffuse Data

High random noise level.  Highly variable due to use of unshielded
cable.  This will most likely not have any consequences for long time
averages (one hour or more).

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer, minima(pirs_min)
• pirs_mean
• pirs_sd
• pirs_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR Diffuse Frosting

Frosting on dome observed and removed.  Exact time of occurrence
is unknown so last known time of confirmed clean dome was used
as start time of this problem.

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer, minima(pirs_min)
• pirs_mean
• pirs_sd
• pirs_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR Diffuse IRT operations problem

PIRd seems to be influenced by the IRT problem (high output voltage)

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer, minima(pirs_min)
• pirs_mean
• pirs_sd
• pirs_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - Bad or missing PIR Diffuse Data

No data or bad data observed.

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer, minima(pirs_min)
• pirs_mean
• pirs_sd
• pirs_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - Bad PIR Diffuse Data

Abrupt drops (in the data plot) to zero w/m2

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer, minima(pirs_min)
• pirs_mean
• pirs_sd
• pirs_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - Spike in PIR Diffuse data

Spike in data possibly associated with maintenance
activity to re-align solar tracker.

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer, minima(pirs_min)
• pirs_mean
• pirs_sd
• pirs_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR Global Noise

High random noise level.  Highly variable due to use of unshielded 
cable.  This will most likely not have any consequences for long time
averages (one hour or more).

• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_mean

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR Global Frosting

Frosting on dome observed and removed.  Exact time of occurrence
is unknown so last known time of confirmed clean dome was used as
start time of this problem.

• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_mean

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR Global IRT operations problem

PIRg seems to be influenced by the IRT problem
(high output voltage)

• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_mean

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR Global dirt on dome

This is the first time dirt has been observed.  The helicopter
has recently begun operating.	Covers less than 20% of	dome.

• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_mean

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR Global Spike in data

Spike in the data; reason unknown.

• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_mean

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR Global Operations problem

Sudden	jump in	data value. Operator was working
on instruments

• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_mean

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR Global Solar tracker

Data bad during this time.  Problem seems to be 
connected to problems with the solar tracker.

• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_mean

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PSP Diffuse Frosting

Frost on dome.  Exact starting time is unknown so time of
last confirmed clean dome was used.

• psps_max
• psps_sd
• psps_mean
• psps_min

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PSP Diffuse Bad data

Data signal dropped to zero for no apparent reason

• psps_max
• psps_sd
• psps_mean
• psps_min

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PSP Global Frosting

Frost on dome.  Exact starting time is unknown so time of last
confirmed clean dome is used.

• psp1_sd
• psp1_mean
• psp1_max
• psp1_min

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - PSP Global Operations problem

The leveling ring was inadvertently left on the instrument 
and shaded the sensor.

• psp1_sd
• psp1_mean
• psp1_max
• psp1_min

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - Moved SKYRAD Stand

Incorrect or missing data; SKYRAD stand was being moved 
to new location during the time periods indicated.

• irt1_mean
• psps_sd
• external_voltage
• pir1_min
• logger_temp
• uvb_min
• psp1_max
• East longitude(lon)
• pirs_max
• nip_mean
• internal_voltage
• irt1_sd
• base_time
• nip_sd
• pir1_mean
• bit_data
• filename
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer, minima(pirs_min)
• psps_min
• irt1_max
• psp1_mean
• pirs_sd
• psp1_min
• psps_max
• Altitude above mean sea level(alt)
• irt1_min
• uvb_mean
• uvb_max
• psps_mean
• psp1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• North latitude(lat)
• nip_min
• uvb_sd
• time_offset
• pirs_mean
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/NIMFR/C1 - Solar Tracker Alignment

Solar tracker was lagging significantly

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/NIMFR/C1 - Solar Tracker Alignment

Solar tracker was not functional

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/NIMFR/C1 - Solar Tracker Alignment

NIP alignment dot about 15% inside ring, solar tracker was about
1 degree too high and was adjusted down.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/NIMFR/C1 - Solar Tracker Alignment

The solar tracker was not tracking but rather oscillating back
and forth corrupting the data for this time period.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/NIMFR/C1 - Tracker Alignment

Tracker was off by 3.5 deg.  NIP dot was not even on 
flange let alone on target.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/NIMFR/C1 - Solar Tracker Alignment

The solar tracker was misaligned from 0530 July 7 to 0011 July 9.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/NIMFR/C1 - Solar Tracker Alignment

The NIP dot was just outside the white ring after leveling the
skyrad stand and then the solar	tracker. After fine adjustment,
the dot covered the ring entirely.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/NIMFR/C1 - Solar Tracker Alignment

NIP dot was just outside the white ring at 2340 July 27; 
after fine adjustment they were entirely overlapped.

• nip_mean
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - SKYRAD UVB Frosting

Frost was found on the dome at the end of the time periods indicated.  The exact 
starting time is unknown so the time of last confirmed clean dome has been used.

• uvb_mean
• uvb_max
• uvb_min
• uvb_sd

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - UVB IRT operations problem

Unreasonable data, UVB seems to be influenced by the 
IRT problem (high output voltage)

• uvb_mean
• uvb_max
• uvb_min
• uvb_sd

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - SKYRAD IRT Frosting

A thin snow cover was observed on the lens and cleaned during the daily rounds
at the end of each time period indicated. The exact starting times are unknown,
but are conservatively set to the time of the previous inspection time.

• irt1_mean
• irt1_sd
• irt1_min
• irt1_max

SHB/SKYRAD/C1 - Intermittent IRT data loss

IRT had intermittent drop outs of data every day in 
this period. Cable between instrument and datalogger
was replaced on 12/16 and the problem disappeared.

• irt1_mean
• irt1_sd
• irt1_min
• irt1_max