TWP/MWR/C3 - Elevated Skybrightness Temperatures

For an unknown reason, the MWR began to exhibit elevated sky brightness 
temperatures. This problem was corrected when the instrument was power-cycled.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C3 - Wet Window Flag not correct

The moisture sensor threshold voltage in the MWR configuration file was 
set to the wrong value for the new heater/blower assembly. This caused the 
wet window flag to not be set high during times of rain.

• wet_window

• wet_window

• wet_window

TWP/MWR/C3 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported
dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of
blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those expected. The
symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program (MWR version 4.12).

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bb23
• bbn23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb31
• bbn31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• bbn23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bb23
• bb31

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported dating back to 
1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of blackbody signals (in counts) that were 
half of those expected. The symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative 
brightness temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the computer and 
the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems, the instrument 
mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly cleaned and replaced the fiber optic 
comm. components, (2) swapped radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for 
evaluation (which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured the 
computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate and correct it, the problem 
persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration conflicted with the 
DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port or the contents of the serial port 
buffer. This problem was finally corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new 
Windows-compatible program.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C3 - min/max/delta values incorrect

The values of valid_min, valid_max, and valid_delta for fields tkxc and tknd were 
incorrect. They should be 303, 333, and 0.5 K, respectively.

• tknd
• tkxc

TWP/MWR/C2 - thermal instability

The MWR required an unusually long time to reach thermal stability after a 4-day outage 
due to a power failure that damaged the blower/heater assembly. Also during this period, 
the heater, which had been replaced, appears to have been on continously, causing the data 
to be inappropriately flagged.

• tipsky23
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• wet_window
• tc31
• tipsky31

• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tc31
• wet_window
• tc23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - wrong azimuth

The MWR was initially installed at an azimuth angle defined as 180 degrees but the value 
in the configuration file was not changed from the default of 0 degrees. In examining 
photos taken during the installation of the AWS tower, I noticed that the MWR was rotated 
opposite the normal orientation. The value in the configuration file was changed to reflect 
the actual azimuth of the instrument.

• actaz

TWP/MWR/C2 - Data collection problem

Large, frequent data gaps occurred due to a failing laptop computer. The problem was 
corrected when a new computer was installed.

• tipsky23
• tkair
• base_time
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• actaz
• wet_window
• r23
• tnd23I
• tc23
• time_offset
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• lat
• r31
• bb23
• bbn31
• tkbb
• tnd31
• bbn23
• tc31
• tknd
• alt
• bb31
• actel
• tnd31I
• lon
• tipsky31

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tnd23
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• tkbb
• tc23
• tkxc
• tnd31
• bbn31
• base_time
• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lat
• lon
• time_offset
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• actel
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tknd
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• alt
• tc31
• actaz

TWP/MWR/C2 - Heater problem

When the wiring of the air temperature sensor was checked the heater apparently began 
activating too often.

• wet_window

• water_flag_fraction

• wet_window

TWP/MWR/C2 - mixer temperature

When the wiring of the air temperature sensor was checked the mixer temperature 
unexpectedly decreased 4 degrees. It increased to its normal value when the dielectric window was 
replaced. The problem was probably caused by a loose and/or corroded connection.

• tkxc

• tkxc

PYE/MWR/M1 - Instrument computer locked up

The MWR computer locked up and required a reboot at 00Z on June 9, 2005.  When the program 
was restarted, water vapor, liquid path, and temps dropped to zero.  They did not 
recover until 15Z the same day.

• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tkbb
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tkxc
• sky31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• sky23
• tkair
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C2 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals. 
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at TWP.C2 20020427.0600.  The 
MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active at TWP.C2 20050630.2100.

Note: The TWP.C2 data for 19981028-20050630 have been reprocessed to apply the 
MONORTM-based retrievals for all time.  The reprocessed data were archived 20061003.

• mean_vap_mwr
• mean_liq_mwr

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C3 - Reprocess - Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based 
retrievals, for most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data 
using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients was active at TWP.C3 from
inception of the data, 20020227.0151.  The MONORTM-based retrieval
coefficients became active at TWP.C3 20050630.2100.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the 
Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients to all MWR prior to April 
2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be undertaken to apply 
the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. 
Read reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to 
ensure you are aware which retrieval is in play.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• liqtip
• vaptip

PYE/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid water absorption 
model were developed. The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.	The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model. However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals. 
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

At Point Reyes, the original coefficients implemented in March 2005 were based on a 
version of the Rosenkranz model that had been modified to use the HITRAN half-width at 22 GHz 
and to be consistent with the water vapor continuum in MONORTM.  These retrievals yielded 
nearly identical results to the MONORTM retrievals.

The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active at PYE.M1 20050506.

Note: The PYE.M1 MWRLOS data for 20050201-20050506 have been reprocessed
to apply the MONORTM-based retrievals for all time. The reprocessed data
were archived in April 2007.  The TIP data have not been reprocessed.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• vaptip
• liqtip

TWP/MWR/C1 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at TWP.C1 
20020504.0200.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at TWP.C1 20050630.2100.

Note: The TWP.C1 data for 19961011-20050630 have been reprocessed to apply the

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• liqtip
• vaptip

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

PYE/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Calibration corrected

On May 28 1:30 GMT the NFOV radiometer was placed in the field of view of the MWR tip 
calibration. Almost immediately calibration of the MWR was compromised resulting in incorrect 
brightness temperatures and overestimation of both PWV and LWP. 

On July 15 the NFOV radiometer was moved away from the MWR and the instantaneous 
calibration values jumped back to normal. The median values returned to normal on July 17 around 
2100.

The LOS data were reprocessed using interpolated values for the calibration coefficients.  
The reprocessed data are available from the ARM Archive effective December 7, 2005.  
NOTE: the format of the reprocessed data are slightly different than the format of the 
original data and the data available before and after the reprocessed data period.  The 
quality of the data are not affected, just the format.

The MWRTIP data can not be reprocessed and should be used with caution.

• tnd23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tc31
• sky23
• tnd31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tc23
• sky31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• r31
• tc31
• tipsky31
• tc23
• r23
• tnd23
• tnd23I
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd31
• tnd31I
• vaptip
• liqtip
• tipsky23

PYE/MWR/M1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• tnd23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bb23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tkxc
• tc31
• sky23
• bbn31
• tnd31
• tknd
• bb31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tkbb
• tc23
• bbn23
• sky31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkair
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• r31
• tkxc
• tbsky23tip
• tc31
• bbn31
• tipsky31
• tc23
• bb23
• tkair
• tkbb
• r23
• tbsky31tip
• tnd23
• tnd23I
• tnd_nom31
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd31I
• tnd31
• bbn23
• vaptip
• tknd
• liqtip
• tipsky23

TWP/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in October 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• tnd31
• tipsky31
• bbn31
• tbskytip31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd23
• r23
• tnd31I
• tnd_nom23
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• vaptip
• tnd23I
• tkair
• bbn23
• bb23
• tipsky23

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• tknd
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C2 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in November 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of 
tip curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/15/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• tipsky23
• bbn31
• tkair
• tkbb
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• bbn23
• tnd31
• tc31
• r23
• tknd
• tnd23I
• bb31
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• tnd31I
• r31
• tipsky31

• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd23
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tkbb
• tc23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tknd
• bb23
• tnd31
• bbn31
• tc31

TWP/MWR/C3 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in October 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/20/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkbb
• tnd23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky31
• tc23
• tnd_nom31
• bb23
• bbn31
• tkxc
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• tc31
• sky23
• tnd31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb31
• tkair
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• tnd_nom23
• tnd31
• bb23
• tbskytip23
• tnd31I
• bbn23
• tipsky23
• tc31
• r23
• tkbb
• tkxc
• tc23
• liqtip
• vaptip
• bbn31
• bb31
• tbskytip31
• tnd_nom31
• r31
• tnd23
• tipsky31
• tnd23I
• tknd
• tkair

TWP/MWR/C3 - Instrument failure, Power outage

A lightning strike sent the MWR offline. The radiometer suffered extensive damage, was 
removed from the site and sent to the vendor for repair. A spare radiometer was sent to the 
TWP/C3 site and was installed on 12/07. However, some hardaware communication issues 
prevented data collection until 12/10.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• bb23
• time_offset
• tkxc
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• lat
• sky23
• tnd31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• bb31
• alt
• tnd23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd_nom31
• lon
• bbn31
• wet_window
• tc31
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tkair

• tkbb
• time_offset
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky31
• tknd
• tc23
• tnd23
• bb31
• tkxc
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• alt
• tnd31
• bb23
• bbn23
• lon
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tc31
• lat

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tnd31
• bb23
• tipsky23
• bbn23
• lon
• tkxc
• tc23
• alt
• base_time
• bbn31
• bb31
• tnd_nom31
• r31
• tnd23
• tnd23I
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tnd_nom23
• lat
• actaz
• tnd31I
• tc31
• r23
• actel
• tkbb
• liqtip
• vaptip
• tbskytip31
• tipsky31
• time_offset
• wet_window
• tkair

TWP/MWR/C3 - REPROCESS- Updated retrieval coefficients

The statistical retrieval coefficients currently in use at the Darwin (TWP/C3) site were 
developed using radiosonde RS80 launched from Manus Island during the TOGA-COARE 
experiment.
Data from Manus Island have minimal seasonality, therefore a single, annual set of 
coefficients was used at all three sites. Retrievals using these coefficients are sufficiently 
accurate especially during the local summer months (December-January). However, the Darwin 
site displays a summer/winter seasonality resulting in larger differences during the 
southern winter (May-
June).
Since we now have enough radiosonde soundings (RS80 and RS90) available at the Darwin 
site, the Darwin coefficients were modified to better reflect the local seasonality.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• liqtip
• vaptip

NIM/MWR/M1 - Instrument noise problem/RF interference

Data are affected by intermittent spikes that become more frequent starting in March 2006. 
Spikes affect data mostly around 9 AM and 18:00 PM. The origin of the spikes is probably 
RF interference.

• tbsky31tip
• tbsky23tip
• tipsky31
• liqtip
• vaptip
• tipsky23

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• sky31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky23

TWP/MWR/C3 - Site shutdown

On 4/24, the site was shutdown in preparation for a cyclone. Instruments were back up on 
4/25 at 22:59

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• bb23
• time_offset
• tkxc
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• lat
• tnd31
• sky23
• bbn23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bb31
• alt
• tnd23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd_nom31
• lon
• bbn31
• wet_window
• tc31
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tkair

• tkbb
• time_offset
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky31
• tknd
• tc23
• tnd23
• bb31
• tkxc
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• alt
• tnd31
• bb23
• bbn23
• lon
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tc31
• lat

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tnd31
• bb23
• tipsky23
• bbn23
• lon
• tkxc
• tc23
• alt
• base_time
• bbn31
• bb31
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23
• r31
• tnd23I
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• tbskytip23
• lat
• actaz
• tnd31I
• tc31
• r23
• actel
• tkbb
• liqtip
• vaptip
• tbskytip31
• tipsky31
• time_offset
• wet_window
• tkair

NIM/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Recalibration to correct for occasional overheating.

The radiometer was intermittently thermally unstable resulting in poor calibrations for 
four brief time periods.  These data have been reprocessed to apply corrected calibrations. 
 The affected time periods were:

20060302-20060303
20060423-20060425
20060512-20060515
20060531-20060603

• bbn23
• bb31
• tc23
• tnd31
• r31
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• tkxc
• bb23
• bbn31
• tbsky31tip
• tipsky31
• tbsky23tip
• tnd_nom23
• tc31
• r23
• tnd23
• liqtip
• tkbb
• vaptip
• tipsky23

• tkxc
• bb31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• bbn23
• sky23
• tkbb
• tnd31
• tnd_nom23
• tc31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tknd
• bbn31
• sky31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tc23
• tnd23

NIM/MWR/M1 - Sun in field of view of radiometer

Around 12 pm every day between 8/1 and 8/31 there is an increase in the brightness 
temperature due to the sun being in the field of view of the radiometer.

• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C2 - Missing data

The heater blower assembly was causing the fuse to blow.  The instrument was taken offline 
until a replacement arrives.

• tipsky23
• tkair
• base_time
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• actaz
• wet_window
• r23
• tnd23I
• tc23
• time_offset
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• lat
• r31
• bb23
• bbn31
• tkbb
• tnd31
• bbn23
• tc31
• tknd
• alt
• bb31
• actel
• tnd31I
• lon
• tipsky31

• tbsky31_sdev
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• time_offset
• lat
• vap_sdev
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• ir_temp_sdev
• base_time
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tbsky23_sdev
• alt
• water_flag_fraction
• lon
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• liq_sdev
• num_obs
• num_obs_irt
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tnd23
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• tkbb
• tc23
• tkxc
• tnd31
• bbn31
• base_time
• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lat
• lon
• time_offset
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• actel
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tknd
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• alt
• tc31
• actaz

TWP/MWR/C1 - Radiometer failure

The instrument stopped responding and had to be powered off. Suspect cause of failure is a 
faulty digital board.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• bbn31
• 23expave
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23ndiode
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• airm
• actel
• 23tipskynd
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• wet_window
• 23bbn
• 23tbzenith
• 31bbn
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23gain
• 23tipsky
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• vaptip
• lon
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• bbn23
• 31ndiode
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C3 - Sun in field of view of radiometer

Each day  around local noon (2-3 AM UTC), there is an increase in the brightness 
temperature due to the sun being in the field of view of the radiometer.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31
• tipsky23
• liqtip
• vaptip
• tipsky31

TWP/MWR/C2 - Missing Data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd23
• lat
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• lon
• bbn23
• time_offset
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• actel
• wet_window
• tkbb
• tc23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tknd
• tnd31
• bb23
• bbn31
• alt
• tc31
• actaz
• base_time

TWP/MWR/C2 - Reprocessed: New Calibration coefficients

On 11/27 a spare radiometer was installed to replace a faulty radiometer. Once the 
radiometer started to collect data it used the default calibration coefficients until it 
collected enough tip data to determine its own coefficients.

The data were reprocessed to apply corrected calibrations and the reprocessed data were 
archived 20061222.

• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tc31

• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tnd31
• tc31
• tc23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• bbn31
• 23expave
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23ndiode
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• airm
• actel
• 23tipskynd
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• wet_window
• 23bbn
• 23tbzenith
• 31bbn
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23gain
• 23tipsky
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tkbb
• tnd_nom31
• tipn
• lon
• vaptip
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• bbn23
• 31ndiode
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C1/C2 - Sun in the field of view

Every day between around noon local time (usually between 1 and 2 AM UTC time) there is an 
increase in the brightness temperatures due to the sun in the field of view of the 
radiometer.

The effect lasts less than an hour around local noon (usually between 1 and 2 AM UTC 
time).  The effect appears as a smooth increase and decrease in brightness temperature.

• tipsky23
• tipsky31

• vaptip
• liqtip
• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent data

After a computer change the MWR program did not restart properly.  Data are intermittent 
between 6/12 and 6/17.

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• bbn31
• 23expave
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23ndiode
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• airm
• actel
• 23tipskynd
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• wet_window
• 23bbn
• 23tbzenith
• 31bbn
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23gain
• 23tipsky
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• vaptip
• lon
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• bbn23
• 31ndiode
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Incorrect ambient temperature readings

Starting on 11/21 the ambient temperature readings are intermittent and have spikes.
Site operators replaced the dew-blower on 12/11 and readings came back to normal

• tkair

• tkair

HFE/MWR/M1 - Insufficient calibration stability

The noise diode temperature suddenly jumped to > 60 C after a power outage. Following 
additional power problems the noise diode injection temperature drifted fast and the 
radiometer was not able to calibrate properly.

Data during the indicated time periods are poorly calibrated and sometimes erratic. Users 
should be aware that the accuracy of the measurements is dramatically degraded. 

Users can use the microwave profiler (MWRP) data to supplement the MWR data.

• tc23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tnd31
• tc31
• tknd
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd_nom23

• tbsky31tip
• tc31
• tnd23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23I
• tnd31I
• tbsky23tip
• tc23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• tnd31
• liqtip
• vaptip

TWP/MWR/C1 - Short periods of wrong ambient temperature

During this month there are a few intermittent instances of bad ambient temperature 
readings. I will summarize here these short time ranges:
20080909 between 02:00 and 03:00 UTC
20080909 between 09:00 and 14:00 UTC

Additionally the ambient temperature has short but frequent data gaps.  The data gaps are 
very short (less than one hour). Users could interpolate missing data or use alternative 
sensors such as the surface meteorological data available for the site.

• tkair

• tkair

TWP/MWR/C2 - Incorrect ambient temperature during rain

The ambient temperature was approximately 15 degree higher than what it should be when it 
was raining and the heater came. On Jan 9 2009 the dewblower was replaced which solved 
the problem.

The increased ambient temperature (tkair) was happening during times of rain and users 
should always disregard MWR data during rain events.  Therefore this DQR is colored 
transparent.

• tkair

• tkair

TWP/MWR/C1 - Ambient temperature data missing

The ambient temperature readings (tkair) suddenly failed. The sensor was replaced on Feb 
6.

• tkair

• tkair

HFE/MWR/M1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• bb23
• tnd31
• time_offset
• tkxc
• alt
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bb31
• tnd23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom23
• tc23
• tkbb
• sky23
• bbn23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tc31
• tknd
• tkair
• tnd_nom31
• bbn31
• lat
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• base_time
• lon
• sky31
• time
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

• tipsky31
• bb23
• base_time
• tc31
• tnd31I
• lon
• time_offset
• bb31
• tipsky23
• tbsky23tip
• tc23
• tkair
• wet_window
• tbsky31tip
• r31
• tnd23
• tnd_nom23
• lat
• time
• tnd23I
• actaz
• bbn31
• alt
• r23
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• actel
• tknd
• tkbb
• tnd31
• liqtip
• vaptip
• bbn23

TWP/MWR/C2 - Intermittent data

There are several short data gaps (usually 2 to 7 hours) in the data due to computer 
malfunction. The problem was solved by replacing the computer.

• tipsky23
• tkair
• base_time
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• actaz
• wet_window
• r23
• tnd23I
• tc23
• time_offset
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• lat
• r31
• bb23
• bbn31
• tkbb
• tnd31
• bbn23
• tc31
• tknd
• alt
• bb31
• actel
• tnd31I
• lon
• tipsky31

• tnd23
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• tkbb
• tc23
• tkxc
• tnd31
• bbn31
• base_time
• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lat
• lon
• time_offset
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• actel
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tknd
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• alt
• tc31
• actaz

GRW/MWR/M1 - Loose mirror

The data from the MWR were suspicious and became progressively worse. The problem was 
traced back to the fact that the screw that keeps the mirror in place had become loose and 
the mirror was freely rotating. 

The mirror was tightened on 6/9/2009, however the measurements were noisy until 6/16, when 
the instrument was rebooted and all the connections checked. 

Measurements between 5/1 and 6/9 should not be used. Data between 6/9 and 6/16 are usable, 
although they are very noisy.

• vaptip
• bb31
• bbn23
• tbsky23tip
• bbn31
• tbsky31tip
• tipsky23
• bb23
• tipsky31
• liqtip

• sky23
• bbn23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bb31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• bb23

GRW/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Biased LWP retrievals-Updated retrieval coefficients

Retrieval coefficients were updated to screen for some bad soundings.

Data were reprocessed 20100507.

• liqtip

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

GRW/MWR/M1 - Incorrect ambient temperature

The ambient temperature readings are incorrect.  Problem appeared to have started around 
10:48 GMT on 02/09, but was not really noticeable until slightly after 11 GMT, when tkair 
values dipped considerably.  

The dewblower was replaced on 2/11 and temperature readings returned to normal.

• tkair

• tkair

GRW/MWR/M1 - Incorrect instrument computer set-up

Starting late on 07/11 the instrument began to have very brief (< 1 min) data outages 
every few hours.  By 07/12 data had become noticeably incorrect, particularly the PWV, LWP, 
TB23, and TB31.  At ~17 Z on 0713 the missing data / no data available flags became more 
frequent.

The problem was identified as improper settings of the instrument computer and was solved 
on 8/9.

• tnd_nom31
• vaptip
• tnd31I
• r23
• tc23
• tbsky23tip
• tnd_nom23
• tbsky31tip
• tc31
• tnd23I
• r31
• tnd31
• tnd23
• liqtip

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tnd31
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tc23
• tc31

GRW/MWR/M1 - Erratic brightness temperature

Around 12 Z on 7/20 both the PWV and 23.8 GHz brightness temp values began to diverge from 
those of the MWRP. By 7/22 both the LWP and 31.4 GHz brightness temp had followed suit. 
At 0600 Z on 7/22 multiple (10-20), brief (<=1 min) data outages began appearing hourly.  
The problem persisted intermittently until 8/9.

On 8/9, changes in the settings of the computer restored the proper functionality of the 
MWR software.

• tnd_nom31
• vaptip
• tnd31I
• tc23
• tbsky23tip
• tnd_nom23
• tc31
• tbsky31tip
• tnd23I
• tnd31
• tnd23
• liqtip

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tnd31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd23
• tnd_nom31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tc23
• tc31

GRW/MWR/M1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• vaptip
• tc23
• bbn23
• wet_window
• tnd_nom23
• tbsky31tip
• time
• tipsky31
• actel
• bb31
• tbsky23tip
• tc31
• tnd31
• r31
• tipsky23
• bb23
• tkbb
• tkxc
• tknd
• time_offset
• r23
• actaz
• base_time
• tnd23
• tkair
• alt
• lat
• tnd_nom31
• tnd31I
• bbn31
• tnd23I
• lon
• liqtip

• tnd31
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• bbn31
• lon
• time
• bb23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tc23
• base_time
• alt
• tkbb
• sky31
• bb31
• tc31
• sky23
• wet_window
• tknd
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• tkair
• tnd_nom23
• bbn23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tnd23
• lat
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• time_offset

SBS/MWR/S1 - Reprocessed: Incorrect retrievals

The water vapor and cloud liquid water retrievals were incorrect for lack of radiosondes 
to derive retrieval coefficients. 

At the end of the deployment, the mentor provided new retrieval coefficients and the 
MWRLOS data were reprocessed and archived.

The MWRTIP data have not yet been reprocessed.  The correction of these data are in the 
reprocessing queue at a low priority.

• vaptip
• liqtip

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent data due to computer problems

Between 1/7 and 1/9 there are large segments of data missing because of a computer 
problem.

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• bbn31
• 23expave
• tbskytip31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23ndiode
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• airm
• actel
• 23tipskynd
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• 31bbn
• 23tbzenith
• 23bbn
• wet_window
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23tipsky
• 23gain
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• lon
• vaptip
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• bbn23
• 31ndiode
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• tnd31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

SBS/MWR/M1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• tc31
• alt
• bb23
• tnd23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• base_time
• tkbb
• time
• tkxc
• tc23
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• sky23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn23
• tnd_nom23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• lat
• bbn31
• time_offset
• sky31
• lon
• wet_window
• tknd
• bb31

• lat
• tipsky31
• r31
• tknd
• actaz
• tnd_nom23
• time
• bb31
• actel
• lon
• tipsky23
• r23
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• vaptip
• tnd31I
• tkbb
• tkair
• bbn23
• tnd23
• wet_window
• tbsky23tip
• tc23
• base_time
• time_offset
• tnd31
• tkxc
• bb23
• tnd23I
• bbn31
• tbsky31tip
• alt
• liqtip

SBS/MWR/M1 - Instrument not well calibrated

After being installed the instrument needed some time to stabilize and collect some tip 
data.

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tc23
• tc31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd31

• vaptip
• tnd31
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• tbsky31tip
• tbsky23tip
• liqtip
• tc23

SBS/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Incorrect retrievals

The PWV and LWP retrievals at this site were incorrect for lack of radiosonde data.

At the end of the deployment, the mentor provided new retrieval coefficients and the 
MWRLOS data were reprocessed and archived.

The MWRTIP data have not yet been reprocessed.	The correction of these data are in the 
reprocessing queue at a low priority.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• vaptip
• liqtip

SBS/MWR/S1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• base_time
• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• tnd_nom31
• wet_window
• tc31
• tnd23I
• bb23
• lon
• tnd_nom23
• tkbb
• tbsky23tip
• tkair
• tc23
• bb31
• alt
• tnd31
• bbn31
• tipsky23
• actaz
• r31
• tknd
• lat
• tnd31I
• bbn23
• time
• liqtip
• tipsky31
• actel
• time_offset
• r23
• tkxc
• tnd23

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• base_time
• lat
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• tnd31
• time
• sky23
• tnd23
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• bb23
• bbn23
• alt
• tc31
• wet_window
• tkbb
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tknd
• tc23
• tkxc
• tkair

SBS/MWR/M1 - Temperature instability

The radiometer was thermally unstable due to the extremely cold outside temperature.  Data 
are suspect.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• tbsky23tip
• liqtip

SBS/MWR/M1 - Instrument problem

The fan in the dewblower malfunctioned from 3/11 to 3/30. During this time it is likely 
that snow deposited on the radome during snowfall events and it stayed on the radome longer 
than usual.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• sky23
• sky31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• tipsky31
• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• tbsky23tip
• liqtip
• tipsky23

SBS/MWR/S1 - Interference spikes

Interference spikes appear in the data affecting mostly the 23.8 GHz channel and to a 
lesser extend the 30 GHz channel. Some days are more affected than others. The number of 
spikes varies between 1 and ~ 5 per day.  The data are mostly unaffected except for the short 
time interval during which the interference takes place (usually one or two data points).

• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• tbsky23tip
• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• liqtip

• sky23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31

TWP/MWR/C2 - Missing ambient temperature

The tkair readings (ambient temperatures) is very intermittent and mostly missing for the 
month of May and June. On June 14 the dewblower was replaced.

• tkair

• tkair

PGH/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Incorrect calibration

When the radiometer started to collect data it was not at its final location and had an 
obstructed field of view. The radiometer was moved to its final location on 7/13/2011. 
After the radiometer was moved it started to collect good data for calibration.

The MWRLOS data were reprocessed with appropriate calibrations.  The reprocessed data were 
archived in July 2012.

• tnd23
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23I
• tnd31
• tnd31I
• tbsky31tip
• tbsky23tip
• tc31
• tc23
• tnd_nom23

• tnd31
• tc31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd23
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)

PGH/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Incorrect retrievals

The retrieval coefficients were incorrect because the site did not have a historical 
radiosonde database. MWRLOS data were reprocessed at the end of the deployment with correct 
retrieval coefficients.  Reprocessed data were archived in July 2012

• liqtip
• vaptip

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

GAN/MWR/M1 - Missing data

The MWR was unable to communicate with the software. The problem was identified as an 
incorrect port configuration.

• tknd
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• time_offset
• bbn31
• alt
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tkair
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• tkxc
• bb31
• bb23
• tc31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bbn23
• base_time
• sky31
• lon
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tnd_nom31
• time
• tc23
• tnd23
• lat
• sky23
• tnd31
• tnd_nom23

• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• tnd31
• lat
• tbsky23tip
• tkair
• bb31
• tipsky31
• actel
• tnd23
• bb23
• tkbb
• alt
• tnd31I
• wet_window
• lon
• actaz
• base_time
• time_offset
• time
• tc23
• r31
• tnd_nom31
• bbn31
• liqtip
• tc31
• tkxc
• bbn23
• r23
• tnd_nom23
• tipsky23
• tnd23I
• tknd

GAN/MWR/M1 - Sun in the radiometer's field of view

Between 10/5 and 10/10 the sun was in the field of view of the radiometer approximately 
between 7 and 8 AM UTC. The brightness temperature display a rapid increase followed by a 
rapid decrease during this time.

• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• tipsky31
• liqtip
• tbsky23tip
• tipsky23

TWP/MWR/C1 - Rain events not flagged

On some occasions the rain flag did not flag data during likely rain events.

Users should carefully examine the data to ensure that they are not contaminated by rain. 
Also examine the brightness temperature qc variables.

• liqtip
• vaptip
• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

GAN/MWR/M1 - Surface temperature failure

Between 12/25 and 2/9 the surface temperature readings were either wrong or missing.

• tkair

• tkair