TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Reprocess: PIR identified as unshaded is really shaded

From the initial installation of the Darwin SKYRAD suite of instruments, two shaded PIRs 
were installed rather than one shaded and one unshaded PIR as 
documented in the netcdf header information.

• inst_down_long_hemisp2_dome_temp
• down_long_hemisp2_min
• down_long_hemisp2_max
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp2)
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_case_temp
• down_long_hemisp2_std
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_tp

TWP/SKYRAD/C3  - IRT incorrect min/delta values

For field sky_ir_temp, the value of valid_min was incorrectly assigned to -49.7 C and no 
value of valid_delta was assigned. The actual values should be -60 and 50 C, respectively.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_max
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT bias

The IRT behaved erratically, jumping frequently from reporting about 50 Wm^(-2) higher 
than the PIR for surface irradiance values to about 100Wm^(-2) lower than the PIR.  
Generally, the IRT measured lower surface temperatures than expected from the PIR.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - UVB Data questionable/incorrect due to uncontrolled sensor temperature

The UVB was not temperature controlled to 25C as required
to ensure accurate data.  UVB data should ONLY be used after 
checking both the bit_data and twpskyrad20sC1.a1 uvb_temp
or inst_down_uvb_temp.  UVB data where the UVB temperature
was outside the range of 24-26C should not be used.

• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer(down_uvb)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Maxima(down_uvb_max)
• down_uvb_std
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Minima(down_uvb_min)

• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Minima(down_uvb_min)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Maxima(down_uvb_max)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer(down_uvb)
• down_uvb_std

• inst_down_uvb_temp
• Irradiance, ultraviolet, downwelling (UV Biometer)(inst_down_uvb_irradiance)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - UVB Data questionable/incorrect due to uncontrolled sensor temperature

The UVB was not temperature controlled to 25C as required
to ensure accurate data.  UVB data should ONLY be used after 
checking both the bit_data and twpskyrad20sC1.a1 uvb_temp
or inst_down_uvb_temp.  UVB data where the UVB temperature
was outside the range of 24-26C should not be used.

• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer(down_uvb)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Maxima(down_uvb_max)
• down_uvb_std
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Minima(down_uvb_min)

• inst_down_uvb_temp
• Irradiance, ultraviolet, downwelling (UV Biometer)(inst_down_uvb_irradiance)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Incorrect NIP cal coefficient

During our site visit comparison at Darwin we observed that the skyrad NIP was reading 
about 50 w/m2 lower than the comparison cavity radfiometer and the replacement NIP on the 
comparison stand. We found that the calibration coefficient for the NIP (responsivity at 
45o)was put in as 8.64X10-6. The NIP was new and had not been calibrated at SGP. The 
factory number was 8.04X10-6. We corrected the calibration coefficient and the instruments 
agreed to better than 5 w/m2.

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• short_direct_normal_std

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Reprocess: NIP calibrations incorrect

On 05/20 during installtion of the new Campbell datalogger system and associated program 
the NIP (S/N 33551E6) was assigned an incorrect calibration coefficient.  A coefficient of 
116.01 W/m2/mV was applied when it should have been 124.378 W/m2/mV.
TWP reports SV0405D and SV0409D detail the activities which lead to this DQR.

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• short_direct_normal_std

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT bias

The IRT measured higher surface temperatures than expected from the PIR, even at night.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - Reprocess: IRT with wrong calibration

A spare IRT was installed that was not configured properly.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - Tower inverted for instrument testing and replacement

The tower at Darwin was brought down to test and replace the Gndrad PIR on 8/5/2005 and 
the PSP on 8/9/2005

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• up_long_hemisp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - tracker inoperative

A lightning strike at Darwin removed the tracker from service.  Instruments installed on 
the tracker were rendered either inoperative or were not shaded during this time period.  
The longwave hemispheric instruments PIR1 and PIR2 appear to have been unaffected.  They 
are not suseptable to incorrect tracker operation.  The downwelling hemispheric shortwave 
PSP instrument mounted on Skyrad will not be affected by incorrect tracker operation.

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• short_direct_normal_std

• inst_direct_normal
• inst_diffuse

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Reprocess: Incorrect datalogger program affecting PIR1 and PIR2 
downwelling longwave

The excitation delays using in measuring the PIR1 case thermistor commonly named "Case1" 
and the PIR2 dome thermistor called "Dome2" were discovered to have been incorrectly set 
to 0 in the Skyrad datalogger program when the new CR23X based Skyrad loggers were 
installed.  The result of no delay in these measurements results in an error in the measured 
resistance of the thermistors, Case1 and Dome2, and thus the calculated PIR1 and PIR2 
irradiances.  The errors are inversely proportial to temperature.

Users can apply temperature dependent irradiance corrections as shown in the table below.  
Recall that the reported uncertainty of PIRs is typically +-.25% to +-.5% or 1 to 2 
W/m2. The error corrections become the same order of magnitude or larger than the instrument 
uncertainties at or below 260K or 9F. Irradiance Correction Table for Skyrad (TWP and 
NSA) DIR1 and DIR2 Irradiance

		DIR1	DIR1	DIR2	DIR2
	T[F]	Tcase[K]	Correction[W/m2]	Tdome[K]       
		Correction[W/m2]
	109.4	316.13	0.00	316.13	0.00
	100.5	311.20	-0.15	311.20	0.12
	93.2	307.14	-0.12	307.14	0.10
	87.0	303.70	-0.10	303.70	0.08
	81.6	300.70	-0.17	300.70	0.14
	77.0	298.15	-0.22	298.15	0.18
	59.4	288.35	-0.34	288.35	0.27
	47.4	281.72	-0.23	281.72	0.18
	38.5	276.74	-0.42	276.74	0.34
	31.3	272.77	-0.48	272.77	0.38
	25.4	269.48	-0.61	269.48	0.49
	20.3	266.67	-0.67	266.67	0.54
	16.0	264.25	-0.82	264.25	0.66
	12.1	262.11	-0.98	262.11	0.79
	8.7	260.19	-0.97	260.19	0.78
	5.6	258.46	-1.07	258.46	0.86
	2.7	256.89	-1.17	256.89	0.94
	0.1	255.44	-1.33	255.44	1.07
	-2.3	254.11	-1.41	254.11	1.13
	-4.5	252.87	-1.43	252.87	1.15
	-6.6	251.71	-1.52	251.71	1.22
	-8.5	250.63	-1.63	250.63	1.31
	-10.4	249.62	-1.73	249.62	1.39
	-12.2	248.58	-1.79	248.58	1.44
	-15.4	246.82	-1.93	246.82	1.55
	-18.3	245.23	-2.05	245.23	1.65
	-20.9	243.78	-2.22	243.78	1.78
	-23.3	242.44	-2.36	242.44	1.89
	-25.5	241.21	-2.58	241.21	2.07
	-27.5	240.07	-2.65	240.07	2.13
	-29.5	239.01	-2.75	239.01	2.21
	-31.3	238.00	-3.02	238.00	2.42

• down_long_hemisp2_min
• down_long_hemisp2_max
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp2)
• down_long_hemisp1_std
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp1)
• down_long_hemisp1_max
• down_long_hemisp1_min
• down_long_hemisp2_std

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT malfunction

The internal IRT power supply failed (probably due to a lightning strike on 11/14) and was 
drawing excessive current on the data logger's DC system. The problem was corrected by 
replacing the instrument with a spare.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - IRT damaged

The analog output of the IRT was damaged by a lightning strike. The problem was corrected 
by replacing the instrument with a spare. The damaged IRT was returned to the vendor for 
repair.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky_ir_temp_std

• inst_sky_ir_signal

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT power

The IRT failed to report after a planned power outage to add lightning protection modules 
to the AC power wiring. The problem was corrected when a loose power connection to the 
logger was found, rectified, and power restored to the logger.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Tracker stopped

Solar Tracker stopped and had to be repowered

• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_unshaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• short_direct_normal_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• down_long_hemisp_unshaded_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded_std

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Solar Tracker locking at solar noon

The Scitech solar tracker from SGP that was installed on 2005-12-01 after the previous 
tracker was damaged by lightning on 2005-11-14 has been hanging up every day at solar noon.  
In Feb, the sun moved from south to north and the Scitech tracker does not seem to be 
able to deal with this. During this period the operators power cycled the tracker between 
05:00Z and 10:00Z almost every day and data from around solar noon (03:30Z) until the 
power cycle are unusable for the measurements that use the tracker (NIP, B&W Diffuse, and 
shaded PIRs).
The problem was corrected when the Scitech tracker was replaced by a Brusag
tracker on 2006-03-10.

• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• short_direct_normal_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded_std

• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)

• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT failed

The IRT began to fail on 4/7/2006 and failed completely (apparently due to the internal 
power supply) on 4/27. It was replaced on 5/18.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place were reprocessed to remove 
the calibration bias.  Note, this also affected standard deviation, maximum and minimum 
data fields.

• down_long_hemisp2_min
• down_long_hemisp2_max
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp2)
• down_long_hemisp1_std
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp1)
• down_long_hemisp1_max
• down_long_hemisp1_min
• down_long_hemisp2_std

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - Reprocess: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                             
                The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place are 
being reprocessing to remove the calibration bias.  Note, this also affected standard 
deviation, maximum and minimum data fields.

• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT bias

The IRT reported higher surface temperatures than the PIR due to corrosion on the 
terminals of the lightning protection module and a ground wire error. The corrosion was cleaned 
and the wiring corrected.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - NIP Failure

Skyrad normal incident shortwave irradiance (NIP) started reporting impossible values for 
direct normal irradiance starting 16 November approx 2100GMT corresponding to a rain 
event at the same time.

The NIP was replaced fixing the problem.

Direct normal data are not recoverable.  However, the NIP data can be calculated from the 
global hemsipherical shortwave and global hemispherical diffuse datastreams by using the 
following relationship:
Global Horizontal = Direct Normal x cos(Z) + Diffuse Horizontal 
where Z is the zenith angle.

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• short_direct_normal_std

• inst_direct_normal

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - NIP instrument failure

The NIP (Short Direct Normal) was replaced after it displayed symptoms of failure 
associated with either unknown precipitation related issues or a possible lightning strike.

NIP data are not recoverable.  Direct normal data can be reconstructed from global 
hemispheric and global diffuse data using the following relationship:
   global hemispheric = direct*cos(sza) + diffuse hemispheric

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• short_direct_normal_std

• inst_direct_normal

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - Maintenance activities affected GNDRAD

While maintenance was performed on the SMET anenometer, the GNDRAD instruments were 
inverted. Disregard GNDRAD data during this time.

• inst_up_long_dome_resist
• inst_sfc_ir_signal
• inst_up_short_hemisp
• lat
• lon
• time
• base_time
• alt
• inst_up_long_hemisp_tp
• inst_up_long_case_resist
• time_offset

• net_min
• net_std
• up_long_hemisp_std
• time_offset
• external_voltage
• lat
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• lon
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• logger_temp
• base_time
• net
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• alt
• net_max
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• bit_data
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• internal_voltage
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - Gndrad shutdown for tropical cylone

On Jan 3rd approximately 1000GMT the effects of a tropical cyclone started affecting the 
installed radiometer measurements at ARM/TWP/C3(Darwin) - both Skyrad and Gndrad.  On Jan 
4th 0740 GMT the Gndrad station was shutdown to avoid damage due to the close passing of 
this storm.  Station was restarted Jan 7th 0515GMT.

• time_offset
• alt
• lat
• inst_up_long_case_resist
• inst_up_long_hemisp_tp
• lon
• base_time
• inst_up_long_dome_resist

• inst_sfc_ir_signal
• inst_up_short_hemisp
• lat
• lon
• time
• base_time
• alt
• inst_up_long_hemisp_tp
• time_offset

• up_long_hemisp_std
• time_offset
• lat
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• lon
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• logger_temp
• base_time
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• alt
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - IRT power supply

The 12-to-24V DC converter the provides power to the IRT had shut down and was restarted 
by power-cycling.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_max
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky_ir_temp_std

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Contamination

The IRT exhibited a positive bias compared to AERI. The problem was corrected when the 
lens and mirror were cleaned.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_max
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky_ir_temp_std

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Direct normal instrument failure

The NIP instrument (short_direct_normal data stream) failed giving bad data during this 
time period.  The failure start time coincides with a reported DC power failure but no 
connection between the reported power failure and the failure of this instrument could be 
determined. 

Ops also reported the tracker clock running 2.9 minutes slow during maintenance on 12/22 
0300GMT (see CS-2008-0714).  Again, the slow clock is not suspect and did not appear to 
affect alignment.

Ops replaced the NIP instrument on 12/30 and short_direct_normal data resumed normal 
operation.

Disregard the short_direct_normal (NIP) data during this time period or calculate using 
the global and diffuse instruments and the following relationship:
short_direct_normal = ((down_short_hemisp - down_short_diffuse_hemisp))/cos(zenith angle)

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• short_direct_normal_std

• inst_direct_normal

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Tracker inoperative

The tracker at Darwin failed 01/23.  The tracker was power cycled on 01/27 and it returned 
to normal operation.

The affected data streams are short_direct_normal (NIP) and down_short_diffuse_hemisp 
(8-48).  

The down_short_hemisp are not affected.  

The down_long_hemisp1 and 2 (PIR1 and PIR2) should not be affected but direct sun can 
affect individual instrument performance.

• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• down_long_hemisp2_min
• down_long_hemisp2_max
• down_long_hemisp1_max
• down_long_hemisp1_min
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• short_direct_normal_std
• inst_down_long_hemisp1_tp
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_case_temp
• down_long_hemisp2_std
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_dome_temp
• inst_down_long_hemisp1_case_temp
• down_long_hemisp1_std
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_tp
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• inst_down_long_hemisp1_dome_temp
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp2)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp1)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)

• inst_down_long_hemisp1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_case_resist
• inst_down_long_hemisp1_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_hemisp1_tp
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_tp
• inst_direct_normal
• inst_diffuse
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_dome_resist

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - IRT power supply

The IRT external DC power supply had shut down for an unknown reason. The problem was 
corrected by restarting the power supply.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_max
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky_ir_temp_std

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - IRT power supply

The IRT power supply failed and was replaced.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_max
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky_ir_temp_std

TWP/MET/C3 - Incorrect ORG data

Sprinkler was in the path of the ORG, giving false precipitation data.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• qc_precip_mean
• qc_precip_max
• qc_precip_min
• precip_std
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT wiring

A problem occurred in the cable supplying power to the IRT.

• inst_sfc_ir_signal

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)