NIM/ECOR/M1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• Pressure, condensation, at altitude, RUC model output(cp)
• covaraince vc(cvar_vc)
• n_spk_u
• n_spk_v
• n_spk_w
• lv
• phi
• covariance uq(cvar_uq)
• standard deviation of wind direction(std_wind_dir)
• covariance ut(cvar_ut)
• covariance uv(cvar_uv)
• covariance uw(cvar_uw)
• covariance uc(cvar_uc)
• n_spk_c
• lat
• Water vapor mixing ratio observed by the Raman lidar(mr)
• mean_spk_c
• n_spk_t
• covariance tq(cvar_tq)
• n_spk_q
• atm_pres
• mean_spk_q
• lon
• Mean CO2 density(mean_c)
• mean_spk_u
• mean_spk_t
• mean_spk_w
• mean_spk_v
• n_bad_v
• n_bad_w
• real_mr
• Latent heat flux(lv_e)
• friction velocity(ustar)
• n_bad_t
• n_bad_u
• wind_dir
• n_bad_q
• covariance wt(cvar_wt)
• alt
• CO2 flux(fc)
• covaraince wq(cvar_wq)
• n_bad_c
• rotated covariance uc(cvar_rot_uc)
• rho
• covariance wc(cvar_wc)
• Corrected sensible heat flux(h)
• n_bad_son_ic
• Momentum flux (dynamic)(k)
• real_lv
• base_time
• covariance vt(cvar_vt)
• covariance vq(cvar_vq)
• n_bad_irga
• covariance vw(cvar_vw)
• rotated covariance vq(cvar_rot_vq)
• n_good_w
• n_good_v
• rotated covariance vt(cvar_rot_vt)
• real_rho
• elev
• n_good_q
• standard deviation of wind elevation angle(std_elev)
• n_good_u
• n_good_t
• rotated covariance wc(cvar_rot_wc)
• rotated covariance vw(cvar_rot_vw)
• rotated variance v(var_rot_v)
• rotated variance u(var_rot_u)
• rotated variance w(var_rot_w)
• n_good_c
• n_bad_irga_light
• rotated covariance ut(cvar_rot_ut)
• real_cp
• time
• mean_cooler
• rotated covariance uq(cvar_rot_uq)
• covariance qc(cvar_qc)
• rotated covariance vc(cvar_rot_vc)
• rotated covariance uw(cvar_rot_uw)
• rotated covariance uv(cvar_rot_uv)
• Mean H2O density(mean_q)
• Mean sonic temperature (t), i.e. virtual temperature(mean_t)
• mean_v
• mean_u
• skew_v
• temp_irga
• skew_w
• skew_t
• skew_u
• skew_q
• Mean horizontal wind speed(mean_rot_u)
• mean_rot_v
• wind_spd
• covariance tc(cvar_tc)
• mean_rot_w
• mean_w
• skew_c
• variance of variable c(var_c)
• variance of variable q(var_q)
• rotated covariance wt(cvar_rot_wt)
• kurt_c
• rotated covariance wq(cvar_rot_wq)
• variance of variable w(var_w)
• time_offset
• variance of variable t(var_t)
• variance of variable u(var_u)
• variance of variable v(var_v)
• kurt_w
• kurt_v
• kurt_u
• kurt_t
• kurt_q

NIM/SKYRAD/M1 - IRTs do not agree with AERI

Since deployment at PYE, and then at NIM, the AMF SKYRAD IRT measured about 10K higher sky 
temperatures than the AERI and the MWRP IRT measureed about 20K higher than the AERI.  
Several actions were taken to diagnose the problem including confirming the correct 
configuration of the IRTs and data logger, cleaning the mirror and lens, and replacing the mirror.

After several days of rain beginning 6/2/2006, the three instruments came into agreement. 
It is unknown whether this was a problem with the AERI, MWRP-IRT or SKYRAD-IRT.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky_ir_temp_max

NIM/SKYRAD/M1 - Instrument ventilator problem

Data quality office first reported that PIR1 and PIR2 appear to be deviating more than 
typical during the daylight hours.  It was found that the Skyrad PIR ventilator fans were 
building up debris on the intake air filter.  Obstructed air flow results in solar heating 
of the PIR ventilator housing in the later part of the day and biasing the incomming IR 
irradiance values. The slow buildup was insidious and wasn't discovered and corrected 
(i.e. ventilator fans cleaned on a regular and frequent basis) until Feb 23rd. On or around 
December 23rd was when this problem may have first started.  We are unable to quantify the 
extent of the problem in W/m2.  Normal deviation between PIRs is typically 3-5 W/m2.

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist

• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_temp
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_temp
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_temp
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_temp
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Software problem

The MWRP computer failed and it was cloned with a new Gx620. Soon after, the MWRP program 
started to crash and was intermittent. Data were lost on March 3, 4, 5. 
On March 7 the program was forcefully ended and restarted. This appears to have cleared 
the problem. The instrument has been running since.

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• time_offset
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• frequency
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)
• elevation
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• wetWindowFlag
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• Barometric pressure(pressure)
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• Retrieved dewpoint temperature(dewpointTemperature)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• infraredTemperature
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Energy, potential, convective, available, from RUC model(cape)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• dataQualityFlags
• Retrieved water vapor mixing ratio(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• base_time
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• temperatureRmsError
• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• alt
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• azimuth
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• time
• lon
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• lat
• blackbodyTemperature
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Air temperature(temperature)

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

NIM/SONDE/M1 - RH data incorrect.

RH% values oscillate between ambient values and 0%.  The 0% RH values are incorrect.

• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Humidity, relative(rh)

NIM/MET/M1 - Software problem

Intermittent Failure of Logger to read data from the Barometer.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Instrument noise problem

There are spikes and elevated noise in MWRP data. The origine of the spikes is RF 
interference from various sources.  All brightness temperatures are affected, but in particular 
the 5 K-band channels. LWP retrievals are noisy and affected by spikes as a result.

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Retrieved dewpoint temperature(dewpointTemperature)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Air temperature(temperature)
• Retrieved water vapor mixing ratio(waterVaporMixingRatio)

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

NIM/MWR/M1 - Instrument noise problem/RF interference

Data are affected by intermittent spikes that become more frequent starting in March 2006. 
Spikes affect data mostly around 9 AM and 18:00 PM. The origin of the spikes is probably 
RF interference.

• tbsky31tip
• tbsky23tip
• tipsky31
• liqtip
• vaptip
• tipsky23

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• sky31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky23

NIM/MWRP/M1 - IRT Sensor Calibration

Discrepancies between the MWRP and Skyrad IRT were observed in January. The MWRP IRT 
readings were constantly higher than those of the skyrad IRT. Some changes were introduced to 
the MWRP IRT to address the problem (see DQR D060602.2). On May 3, the IRT mirror was 
replaced. After the change in the mirror, the MWRP IRT readings became about 5-8 C lower. On 
June 3 the agreement between MWRP and Skyrad IRT became satisfactory (2-5 degree C 
difference).

It is hard to numerically quantify the difference in the IRT readings caused by the change 
in the mirror. We can only warn the user that between January 1 and June 3 the MWRP 
readings are 8 to 15 degree higher than the skyrad IRT.

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

• infraredTemperature

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

NIM/MET/M1  - ORG failure

The optical rain gauge on the met system did not record precipitation during this time 
period.

• ORG precipitation rate mean(org_precip_rate_mean)

NIM/ECOR/M1 - Flux Data Suspect for Some Wind Directions

NIM: For some wind directions the horizontal fetch was not representative of the field in 
which the AMF was located.  Therefore, for the wind direction ranges 90-170 (buildings) 
and 220-280 (trees) degrees, the fluxes are affected by insufficient fetch and  surfaces, 
buildings, or vegetation that are not similar to the local field conditions.

• Corrected sensible heat flux(h)
• Latent heat flux(lv_e)
• CO2 flux(fc)
• friction velocity(ustar)

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: IRT configuration setting error

The infrared thermometer settings (IRT) were not configured as specified by the 
manufacturer. The analog output was set to a range of -60 to +50 C (0-10V) instead of -50 to +50 C 
(0-10V). The settings were changed on April 20. The IR temperatures should be slightly 
smaller than reported.

The data have been reprocessed to correct the IRT calibrations.  Reprocessed data were 
archived in August 2006.

• infraredTemperature

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed - New retrieval coefficients

Occasionally, the retrieved relative humidity was exceeding 120%. Upon reviewing the data 
it was noticed that the high values were appearing in the highest layers (above 8 km) and 
especially during spring season. Since retrievals at the highest levels are mainly 
affected by the climatology used to constrain the retrievals, we reviewed the statistical 
coefficients that were used to retrieve temperature and humidity. It was discovered that, in 
the training dataset (radiosonde), there were a few outliers (invalid radiosonde 
soundings) that had escaped the screening process and were affecting the computations of the 
retrieval coefficients.

We recomputed the retrieval coefficients with the newly screened set of radiosonde data 
and reprocessed all the previous data at Niamey.  The reprocessed data were archived in 
August 2006.

The new coefficients improve temperature and humidity profiles in two ways. The relative 
humidity will not exceed 120% in the upper layers and the temperature profiles will be in 
better agreement with the sonde in the first 4 km.

• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• temperatureRmsError
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• Retrieved dewpoint temperature(dewpointTemperature)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Air temperature(temperature)
• Retrieved water vapor mixing ratio(waterVaporMixingRatio)

NIM/SKYRAD/M1 - Reprocess: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                             
                The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place are 
being reprocessing to remove the calibration bias.  Note, this also affected standard 
deviation, maximum and minimum data fields.

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)

NIM/GNDRAD/M1 - Reprocessed: Longwave calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.									     
The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in February 2007.

• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)

NIM/MWRP/M1 - 51.25 GHz channel calibration drifted

After a power outage on May 5 the 51.25 GHz had a slight change in the calibration. The 
resulting LWP computed by using all 6 channels increased of about 0.025 mm (25 g/m2).

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)

NIM/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Recalibration to correct for occasional overheating.

The radiometer was intermittently thermally unstable resulting in poor calibrations for 
four brief time periods.  These data have been reprocessed to apply corrected calibrations. 
 The affected time periods were:

20060302-20060303
20060423-20060425
20060512-20060515
20060531-20060603

• bbn23
• bb31
• tc23
• tnd31
• r31
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• tkxc
• bb23
• bbn31
• tbsky31tip
• tipsky31
• tbsky23tip
• tnd_nom23
• tc31
• r23
• tnd23
• liqtip
• tkbb
• vaptip
• tipsky23

• tkxc
• bb31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• bbn23
• sky23
• tkbb
• tnd31
• tnd_nom23
• tc31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tknd
• bbn31
• sky31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tc23
• tnd23

NIM/SKYRAD/M1 - Unknown problem with PIR1

Spikes in Shaded 1 occur frequently during this time period, resulting in differences b/t 
shaded1 and shaded2 exceeding 20W/m2.  Instrument connections were checked and a spare 
PIR instrument was tried in the place of PIR1 (shaded1).  After returning the original PIR1 
to its original location data again looked good and very close to PIR2.  Problem appears 
resolved but exact cure is unknown.

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist

• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_temp
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_temp
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_temp
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_temp
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

NIM/MWR/M1 - Sun in field of view of radiometer

Around 12 pm every day between 8/1 and 8/31 there is an increase in the brightness 
temperature due to the sun being in the field of view of the radiometer.

• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Sun in radiometer's field of view

Around noon local time every day there is a spike in the brightness temperature data. This 
is due to the sun being in the field of view of the radiometer. PWV and LWP are affected 
as a consequence

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• infraredTemperature
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError

NIM/MWRP/M1 - IRTs do not agree with AERI

Since deployment at PYE, and then at NIM, the AMF SKYRAD IRT measured about 10K higher sky 
temperatures than the AERI and the MWRP IRT measured about 20K higher than the AERI.  
Several actions were taken to diagnose the problem including confirming the correct 
configuration of the IRTs and data logger, cleaning the mirror and lens, and replacing the mirror.

After several days of rain beginning 6/2/2006, the three instruments came into agreement. 
The cause of the discrepancy was probably dust accumulation on the lens of the instrument

• infraredTemperature

NIM/SKYRAD/M1 - Tracker inoperative

Starting on 9/12 the NIM radiometer tracker drifted enough due to sinking supports and a 
drifting clock that the direct normal measurments (NIP) and the downwelling hemispheric 
diffuse shortwave measurments (8-48) were adversely affected in the afternoon hours.  The 
shortwave hemispheric global instrument (PSP) and downelling hemispheric longwave shaded1 
and shaded2 (PIR) are unaffected by this problem. 

The tracker problem greatly affected direct measurements and affected the diffuse 
measurement to a lesser extent. There are no redundant measurements for these instruments.  
However, during this time range the data collected before local noon (aprox 1140GMT) for all 
shortwave Skyrad instruments appear to be good.

• inst_diffuse
• inst_direct_normal

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• short_direct_normal_std
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

NIM/MWRP/M1 - Reprocessed: K-band calibration drift corrected

During October and November there was a drift in the K-Band calibration of the MWRP. This 
resulted in brightness temperatures that were too high.

New calibration coefficients were derived from the median value of the noise diode 
temperature for the months of October and November and the data were reprocessed to apply the 
corrected calibrations.  The reprocessed data were archived in January 2007.

• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)

NIM/GNDRAD/M1 - Station setup and troubleshooting

This station was collecting data for the first time at this location - There were multiple 
instrument setup problems (PIR cabling, IRT setup)that were being corrected during this 
time.  Radiometer data is unreliable during this period.

• inst_up_long_dome_resist
• inst_up_long_case_resist
• inst_up_short_hemisp
• inst_up_long_hemisp_tp
• inst_sfc_ir_signal

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• up_long_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• inst_up_long_hemisp_tp
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• inst_up_long_case_temp
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• inst_up_long_dome_temp

NIM/SKYRAD/M1 - station setup and troubleshooting

This station was collecting data for the first time at this location - There were multiple 
instrument setup problems (PIR cabling, IRT setup, tracker operation)that were being 
corrected during this time.  Radiometer data is unreliable during this period.

• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_global
• inst_sky_ir_signal
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• inst_diffuse
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist
• inst_direct_normal

• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_temp
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_temp
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_temp
• short_direct_normal_std
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_temp
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• sky_ir_temp_max
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• sky_ir_temp_min
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• sky_ir_temp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

NIM/ECOR/M1 - Effects on ECOR CO2 Flux and Concentration By Aircraft

Aircraft landings, departures, and running aircraft on the airport pad
were found to produce large spikes in the half hourly CO2 flux and small spikes in CO2 
concentration on many days during the entire deployment of the AMF at NIM.  This influence 
was found on 40% of the days in March and April 2006 and sometimes for multiple periods in 
a day; this was typical of  the year of data.  The spikes range from only several 
micromoles s-1 m-2 to one hundred or more for flux (a typical spike was in the twenties) and 
near zero to 1.0 mmoles m-3 for CO2 concentration (typically around 0.15).

The aircraft influence was caused by persistent easterly winds; the airport
terminal pad and the nearest part of the runway were almost directly to the
east of the ECOR location.

Occasionally an influence on water vapor density was detected, but this was fairly rare 
and usually of very small magnitude.

• covariance wc(cvar_wc)
• covariance uc(cvar_uc)
• rotated covariance wc(cvar_rot_wc)
• covaraince vc(cvar_vc)
• CO2 flux(fc)
• rotated covariance vc(cvar_rot_vc)
• covariance tc(cvar_tc)
• Mean CO2 density(mean_c)
• rotated covariance uc(cvar_rot_uc)
• variance of variable c(var_c)

NIM/MET/M1 - ORG underestimated precipitation

The ORG underestimated precipitation by about 38% during the entire NIM deployment.  No 
troubleshooting technique or replacement of gauge was successful in correcting the problem.

• ORG precipitation rate mean(org_precip_rate_mean)

NIM/MET/M1 - Wind Speed data contain offset due to induced voltage

The marine model of the RM Young wind sensor needs twisted pair shielded cable.  The 
manufacturer did not originally supply the pigtail with twisted pair shielded cable.  Use of 
twisted pair shielded cable for the rest of the cable run to the logger was also not 
specified.  This caused an induced voltage in the wind speed line from the wind direction 
excitation.  The induced voltage varied from sensor to sensor and probably changed anytime 
the cable was replaced or parts of the wind sensor were repaired or replaced. The induced 
voltage has been seen to vary from 0.15 m/s to as much as 1.08 m/s.

• Wind speed vector mean(wspd_vec_mean)
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(wspd_arith_mean)

NIM/MET/M1 - PWD cumulative precipitation incorrect

The Present Weather Detector is a serial sensor.  The MET system datalogger reads in the 
data from this sensor.  During the time in question serial comms problems were causing the 
data from the sensor to be read incorrectly.  The data for one variable showed up in 
data for another variable or not at all.  We reprocessed the data to correct as much of this 
error as we could.  The cumulative rainfall variable was calculated from the 
instantaneous rainfall variable during reprocessing.  Since we cannot be entirely sure all 
cumulative rainfall values are correct or were completely captured the cumulative rainfall data is 
considered to be unreliable.  This issue shows up when comparing the cumulative rainfall 
data at the end of the day 07/31/2006 (79.08) and the beginning of the next day 
08/01/2006 (3.17).  Clearly we were either under or over-estimating the cumulative rainfall.

• pwd_cumul_rain

NIM/MET/M1 - PWD 1 minute rainfall data suspect

The Present Weather Detector is a serial sensor.  The MET system datalogger reads in the 
data from this sensor.  During the time in question serial comms problems were causing the 
data from the sensor to be read incorrectly.  The data for one variable showed up in 
data for another variable or not at all.  We reprocessed the data to correct as much of this 
error as we could. We cannot be entirely certain that all rainfall values are correct or 
were captured properly.  It is possible that some values were missed completely.

• pwd_precip_rate_mean_1min

NIM/MET/M1 - Deployment period

All data from the met tower are suspect during this time period as the systems were being 
deployed and in various states of operation.

• ORG precipitation rate mean(org_precip_rate_mean)
• time
• Humidity, relative, at 2-m height, 1-min avg(rh_mean)
• logger_temp
• PWD 10 minute mean visibility(pwd_mean_vis_10min)
• pwd_precip_rate_mean_1min
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• pwd_err_code
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• pwd_cumul_rain
• Wind direction, vector, lower, 1-min avg(wdir_vec_mean)
• vapor_pressure_mean
• vapor_pressure_std
• rh_std
• PWD 1 minute mean visibility(pwd_mean_vis_1min)
• temp_std
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(wspd_arith_mean)
• alt
• time_offset
• pwd_pw_code_inst
• logger_volt
• lat
• lon
• base_time
• pwd_pw_code_1hr
• pwd_pw_code_15min
• Wind speed vector mean(wspd_vec_mean)
• wdir_vec_std