TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Skewed wind direction 1 data

Wind direction 1 data is incorrect. 
Manus SMET wind direction for Wind-1 (upper unit) was apparently skewed
from its original position as a result of checking direction calibration. 

As near as we can tell the position of the sensor was rotated clockwise
Somewhere in the range of 45-90 degrees, most likely in steps 22.5 degrees.

Data comparison performed on 3-2-00, using a small amount of data from 
this instrument.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/VCEIL/C1 - Ceilometer offset

When the replacement ceilometer was installed at Manus it was tilted 6 degrees.
Since the angle correction setting was not activated, the cloud base heights
reported by the instrument were higher than actual by 0.55% (39 m at 7 km).

• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Wind Direction alignment method

During RESET10 we discovered a problem with wind direction from WIND1 (upper
anemometer).  During RESET8, WIND1 was corrected by rotating the alignment
ring instead of the anemometer.  This resulted in a better agreement between
the 2 anemometers, but is not the correct way to align an anemometer. The
alignment ring was readjusted for true north and the anemometer reset in
the proper slot (the original problem).

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Incorrect calibration for ARCS1 Wind speed

On 23 OCT 99, during Reset 8, an incorrect slope of was entered for the 
upper, windspeed1, wind speed sensor resulting in a 1% overestimate of
the wind speed.  The correct calibration was entered on 1 APR 2000 during
RESET 10.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• wind1_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• wind1_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

(From Bill Clements) We have been using 6m MSL as the station
elevation of Momote (Manus).  This was based on information
posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather Service
Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation
for Momote is 4m MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL.
The sonde launching station is at 5m MSL.

• alt

TWP/SMET/C1 - Elevated relative humidity

The relative humidity has been exceeding 100% with unusual regularity.
The most dramatic case occured on December 31 when the RH exceeded 100%
for 18 hours and exceeded 103.5% for 6 hours with a maximum value of
103.8%.  A PIF was submitted to propose changing this sensor. This change
occurred on August 12, 1999.

• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• relh_sd
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)

• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• relh_sd

TWP/VCEIL/C1 - Degraded Ceilometer Window

Data from the ceilometer during this period is suspect. From 10/28
until about 2/4 the instrument had a deteriorated window.  This
caused the ceilometer to only be able to see cloud heights up to
about 2 km.

• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• Backscatter(backscatter)

• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• Backscatter(backscatter)

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

(From Bill Clements) We have been using 6m MSL as the station
elevation of Momote (Manus).  This was based on information
posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather Service
Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation
for Momote is 4m MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL.
The sonde launching station is at 5m MSL.

• alt

• alt

• alt

• alt

• alt

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

Bill Clements reports we have been using 6m MSL as the station elevation of Momote 
(Manus).  This was based on information posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather 
Service Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation for Momote is 4m 
MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL. The sonde launching station 
is at 5m MSL.

• alt

• alt

• alt

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

(From Bill Clements) We have been using 6m MSL as the station
elevation of Momote (Manus).  This was based on information
posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather Service
Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation
for Momote is 4m MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL.
The sonde launching station is at 5m MSL.

• alt

TWP/MWR/C1 - wrong azimuth

The MWR was initially installed at an azimuth angle defined as 180 degrees but the value 
in the configuration file was not changed from the default of 0 degrees. In examining 
photos taken during the installation of the AWS tower, I noticed that the MWR was rotated 
opposite the normal orientation. The value in the configuration file was changed to reflect 
the actual azimuth of the instrument.

• actaz

TWP/SMET/C1 - Negative Rainfall Rates

Due to limitations of the Zeno dataloggers all voltage measurements
from the optical rain gauge (ORG) were converted to rainfall rates. 
This resulted in negative values for rain rates.  Any value below
0.10 mm/hr should be considered to be 0 mm/hr.	New dataloggers 
alleviated this problem.

• precip_sd
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Negative rainfall rates

Due to limitations of the Zeno dataloggers all voltage measurements
from the optical rain gauge (ORG) were converted to rainfall rates. 
This resulted in negative values for rain rates.  Any value below 0.10 mm/hr should be 
considered to be 0 mm/hr.  New dataloggers 
alleviated this problem.  New loggers were installed 03/09/2004 @ 2243 GMT.

• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• precip_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

TWP/MPL/C1 - Reprocess: Global metadata error

During the time period specified, the global metadata attribute "averaging_int" is 
reported as 30 seconds when the value for this attribute should be 60 seconds.

• time_offset

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Barometric pressure units change

Barometric pressure data during this time period is reported in hPa.  After this time, the 
data have been converted to kPa to standardize the measurement units among ARM sites and 
to conform to accepted standard units determined by the scientific community.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C1 SMET suite of instruments on 20061017. 
 Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC1.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 10/17, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros 
are not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19961009-20060926 and data from 
19961009-20061017 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• base_time

TWP/MWR/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• bbn31
• 23expave
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23ndiode
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• airm
• actel
• 23tipskynd
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• wet_window
• 23bbn
• 23tbzenith
• 31bbn
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23gain
• 23tipsky
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tkbb
• tnd_nom31
• tipn
• lon
• vaptip
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• bbn23
• 31ndiode
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• up_dir_sd
• lo_spd_vec_avg
• up_spd_max
• lo_dir_vec_avg
• logger_temp
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• up_dir_vec_avg
• time_offset
• up_spd_min
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• time
• relh_sd
• internal_voltage
• lat
• alt
• lo_spd_sd
• base_time
• lo_spd_max
• lo_spd_min
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• vappress_sd
• up_spd_sd
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• tbrg_count_total
• precip_sd
• up_spd_arith_avg
• tbrg_total
• temp_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• lo_spd_arith_avg
• lon
• lo_dir_sd
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• up_spd_vec_avg

TWP/SMET/C1 - Wind Speed data contain offset due to induced voltage

The marine model of the RM Young wind sensor needs twisted pair shielded cable.  The 
manufacturer did not originally supply the pigtail with twisted pair shielded cable.  Use of 
twisted pair shielded cable for the rest of the cable run to the logger was also not 
specified.  This caused an induced voltage in the wind speed line from the wind direction 
excitation.  The induced voltage varied from sensor to sensor and probably changed anytime 
the cable was replaced or parts of the wind sensor were repaired or replaced. The induced 
voltage has been seen to vary from 0.15 m/s to as much as 1.08 m/s.

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• wind1_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• wind2_spd_sd
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Wind Speed data contain offset due to induced voltage

The marine model of the RM Young wind sensor needs twisted pair shielded cable.  The 
manufacturer did not originally supply the pigtail with twisted pair shielded cable.  Use of 
twisted pair shielded cable for the rest of the cable run to the logger was also not 
specified.  This caused an induced voltage in the wind speed line from the wind direction 
excitation.  The induced voltage varied from sensor to sensor and probably changed anytime 
the cable was replaced or parts of the wind sensor were repaired or replaced. The induced 
voltage has been seen to vary from 0.15 m/s to as much as 1.08 m/s.

• lo_spd_max
• up_spd_max
• lo_spd_vec_avg
• lo_spd_min
• lo_spd_arith_avg
• up_spd_sd
• up_spd_vec_avg
• up_spd_arith_avg
• up_spd_min
• lo_spd_sd

TWP/VCEIL/C1 - Reprocess: Incorrect serial_number and sum_backscatter fields

Attribute serial_number: In most cases, this field is not representative of the actual 
serial number of the instrument because the value did not change when an instrument changed 
locations or was replaced with a spare.
   
Variable sum_backscatter: An out-of-range condition for the "sum of detected and 
normalized backscatter" was reported as 0 instead of missing (-9999). The valid range is 0 - 
0.0999 /srad.
   
This DQR also applies to a1 level data.

• sum_backscatter

TWP/VCEIL/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• alt_highest_signal
• time_offset
• detection_status
• tilt_angle
• sum_backscatter
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• receiver_sensitivity
• lon
• status_flag
• filename
• Vertical visibility(vertical_visibility)
• measurement_parameters
• range
• window_contamination
• laser_temperature
• lat
• laser_pulse_energy
• alt
• status_string
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• base_time
• Backscatter(backscatter)
• background_light

Calibration interruption at TWP Nauru

Occasional calibration interuption occured while calibration SMET instruments

• logger_temp
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• time_offset
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• external_voltage
• lat
• wind1_dir_sd
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• wind2_spd_sd
• wind2_dir_sd
• bit_data
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• lon
• filename
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• relh_sd
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• internal_voltage
• alt
• base_time
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• wind1_spd_sd
• vappress_sd
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• precip_sd
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• temp_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• lon
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• lat
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• precip_sd
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• vappress_sd
• relh_sd
• time_offset
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• logger_temp
• bit_data
• temp_sd
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• internal_voltage
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• wind2_spd_sd
• alt
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• filename
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• base_time
• external_voltage
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• wind1_spd_sd
• wind2_dir_sd
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)