NSA/MWR/C2 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tkxc
• tc31
• time_offset
• bbn31
• tc23
• sky31
• tnd31
• alt
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• tknd
• bb31
• base_time
• tnd_nom23
• bb23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tkair
• wet_window
• sky23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• lat
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bbn23
• lon
• tnd23
• tnd_nom31

• tkbb
• tbskytip31
• tnd23I
• wet_window
• vaptip
• lon
• liqtip
• alt
• bb31
• tc23
• actaz
• tipsky31
• tbskytip23
• tkair
• bbn23
• tnd_nom31
• r23
• tknd
• tkxc
• tnd23
• bbn31
• tipsky23
• actel
• lat
• tnd31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd31I
• r31
• time_offset
• base_time
• bb23
• tc31

TWP/MWR/C3 - Elevated Skybrightness Temperatures

For an unknown reason, the MWR began to exhibit elevated sky brightness 
temperatures. This problem was corrected when the instrument was power-cycled.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C3 - Wet Window Flag not correct

The moisture sensor threshold voltage in the MWR configuration file was 
set to the wrong value for the new heater/blower assembly. This caused the 
wet window flag to not be set high during times of rain.

• wet_window

• wet_window

• wet_window

NSA/MWR/C1 - MWR digital board failure

A power failure at the site apparently damaged some of the components of the digital 
board. The MWR was replaced with a spare unit and returned to the manufacturer for repair.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported
dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of
blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those expected. The
symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

NSA/MWR/C2 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported
dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of
blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those expected. The
symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C3 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported
dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of
blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those expected. The
symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program (MWR version 4.12).

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bb23
• bbn23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb31
• bbn31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• bbn23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bb23
• bb31

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported dating back to 
1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of blackbody signals (in counts) that were 
half of those expected. The symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative 
brightness temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the computer and 
the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems, the instrument 
mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly cleaned and replaced the fiber optic 
comm. components, (2) swapped radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for 
evaluation (which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured the 
computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate and correct it, the problem 
persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration conflicted with the 
DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port or the contents of the serial port 
buffer. This problem was finally corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new 
Windows-compatible program.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

NSA/MWR/C1  - no air temperature signal

When the new blower was upgraded by Radiometrics and reinstalled on the MWR, the air 
temperature sensor failed to properly report. It was determined that the wires carrying the 
signal to the analog board did not conform to the standard expected by the upgraded blower. 
The problem was corrected by changing the wiring and modifying the MWR software to read 
the signal from the appropriate corresponding channel.

• tkair

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C2 - Thermally unstable

The MWR became thermally unstable during periods when the ambient temperature exceeded 
about 28C. This situation was corrected when the mixer temperature was manually increased to 
about 35C.

Data are suspect when the blackbody temperature, tkbb, exceeds 296 K.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C3 - min/max/delta values incorrect

The values of valid_min, valid_max, and valid_delta for fields tkxc and tknd were 
incorrect. They should be 303, 333, and 0.5 K, respectively.

• tknd
• tkxc

NSA/MWR/C1 - min/max/delta values incorrect

The values of valid_min, valid_max, and valid_delta for fields tkxc and tknd were 
incorrect. They should be 303, 333, and 0.5 K, respectively.

• tkxc
• tknd

NSA/MWR/C2 - Heater problem

The MWR heater did not appear to operate when moisture was present. The heater sensitivity 
was adjusted.

• wet_window

• wet_window

NSA/MWR/C1 - damaged window

The MWR dielectric window was damaged by snow from a snow blower and replaced.

• skyn31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• sky23
• skyn23
• bb23
• tkbb
• tc23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• unoise23
• tc31
• bbn23
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• unoise31
• tkair
• bbn31
• tnd31
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• wet_window

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• bbn23
• tkair
• bb23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• bbn31
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• wet_window
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• tc23
• tc31

• mean_tbsky23_mwr
• mean_liq_mwr
• sd_liq_mwr
• mean_tbsky31_mwr
• sd_tbsky23_mwr
• num_tbsky23_mwr
• num_tbsky31_mwr
• sd_vap_mwr
• num_vap_mwr
• num_liq_mwr
• mean_vap_mwr
• sd_tbsky31_mwr

• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• tnd31I
• liqtip
• bbn31
• r31
• tkair
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• tc23
• r23
• bbn23
• tnd23
• tkxc
• tc31
• tkbb
• tbskytip31
• vaptip
• bb23
• tnd23I
• tipsky31
• tipsky23
• tbskytip23
• tnd31

TWP/MWR/C2 - thermal instability

The MWR required an unusually long time to reach thermal stability after a 4-day outage 
due to a power failure that damaged the blower/heater assembly. Also during this period, 
the heater, which had been replaced, appears to have been on continously, causing the data 
to be inappropriately flagged.

• tipsky23
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• wet_window
• tc31
• tipsky31

• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tc31
• wet_window
• tc23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - wrong azimuth

The MWR was initially installed at an azimuth angle defined as 180 degrees but the value 
in the configuration file was not changed from the default of 0 degrees. In examining 
photos taken during the installation of the AWS tower, I noticed that the MWR was rotated 
opposite the normal orientation. The value in the configuration file was changed to reflect 
the actual azimuth of the instrument.

• actaz

TWP/MWR/C2 - Data collection problem

Large, frequent data gaps occurred due to a failing laptop computer. The problem was 
corrected when a new computer was installed.

• tipsky23
• tkair
• base_time
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• actaz
• wet_window
• r23
• tnd23I
• tc23
• time_offset
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• lat
• r31
• bb23
• bbn31
• tkbb
• tnd31
• bbn23
• tc31
• tknd
• alt
• bb31
• actel
• tnd31I
• lon
• tipsky31

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tnd23
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• tkbb
• tc23
• tkxc
• tnd31
• bbn31
• base_time
• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lat
• lon
• time_offset
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• actel
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tknd
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• alt
• tc31
• actaz

NSA/C1 - Site-wide power failure

The Barrow facility experienced a site-wide power failure on 12/13.  Power was restored to 
most instruments between 2250 and 2330 GMT.

• Backscatter, doppler spectrum, 915 MHz RWP(spc_amp)
• alt
• plen
• ncoh
• tditime
• bswitch
• time_offset
• nspc
• sitime
• vband
• bins
• elevation
• dly
• lon
• nheight
• sampr
• base_time
• height_t
• range_gate
• prf
• rgs
• oband
• pcbits
• vsr
• spcavetim
• ipp
• beam
• lat
• rgl
• rgf

• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• lon
• nspc
• power
• avgint
• rgs
• snr3
• snr4
• snr0
• snr1
• snr2
• dly
• vvsr
• Wind direction, horizontal, at altitude, 915 MHz RWP(dir)
• oband
• tditime
• rgl
• rgf
• range_gate
• ncoh
• time_offset
• lat
• prf
• base_time
• ovsr
• azimuth1
• azimuth0
• azimuth3
• azimuth2
• Beam 2 radial wind speed(vel2)
• Beam 1 radial wind speed(vel1)
• azimuth4
• Beam 4 radial wind speed(vel4)
• Beam 3 radial wind speed(vel3)
• sampr
• Beam 0 radial wind speed(vel0)
• ipp
• nrcns4
• nrcns3
• nrcns2
• nrcns1
• nrcns0
• ncns1
• ncns0
• ncns3
• ncns2
• ncns4
• sitime
• Wind speed, horizontal, at altitude, 915 MHz RWP(spd)
• plen
• spcavetim
• alt
• nheight
• nrec0
• nrec1
• nrec2
• nrec3
• nrec4
• elevation0
• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• elevation2
• elevation1
• elevation4
• elevation3
• height_p
• vband
• pcbits
• bswitch

• Radiation, longwave, downwelling radiance, 0.5 cm-1 resolution, 3.3-5.5 um(mean_rad)
• AERIunitNumber
• calibratedSceneID
• timeHHMMSS
• wnum2
• Time_UTC_hours
• systemReleaseNumber
• channelNumber
• time_offset
• base_time
• alt
• Longitude
• BBsupportStructureTemp
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• missingDataFlag
• calibrationCBBtemp
• instrumentUnitNumber
• Latitude
• sceneMirrorAngle
• dateYYMMDD
• calibrationAmbientTemp
• atmosphericPressure
• wnum
• outsideAirTemp
• calibrationHBBtemp
• lat
• hatchOpen
• JulianDay
• sceneViewDuration
• standard_dev_mean_rad
• time
• lon
• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• Altitude

• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• wet_window
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tkbb
• alt
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• bb23
• bb31
• time_offset
• tc23
• tc31
• tknd
• lat
• actel
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tkxc
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• sky23
• bbn23
• base_time
• sky31
• bbn31
• actaz
• tkair
• lon
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• skyViewStdDevRadiance675_680
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp675_680)
• JulianDay
• SWskyNENacceptable
• channelNumber
• calibrationAmbientTemp
• LW_HBB_NEN
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance2282_2287)
• LWskyNEN
• Latitude
• lon
• systemReleaseNumber
• skyViewStdDevRadiance985_990
• AERI LW Scene Radiance Spectral Averages (Ch1)(SkyRadianceSpectralAveragesCh1)
• AERI SW Scene Radiance Spectral Averages (Ch2)(SkyRadianceSpectralAveragesCh2)
• outsideAirTemp
• wnumsum7
• wnumsum6
• wnumsum5
• wnumsum4
• wnumsum3
• wnumsum2
• wnumsum1
• wnumsum9
• wnumsum8
• HBB2minNENestimateNo1Ch1
• HBB2minNENestimateNo1Ch2
• HBBstable
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowRadiance985_990)
• LWresponsivity
• maxSampleStdDev
• lat
• Altitude
• dataAvailable
• instrumentUnitNumber
• time_offset
• calibrationHBBtemp
• atmosphericPressure
• LWskyNENacceptable
• Radiation, longwave, radiances, SD, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 5.5-18 um(SkyUniformityCh1)
• Radiation, longwave, radiances, SD, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 3.3-5.5 um(SkyUniformityCh2)
• time
• calibratedSceneID
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• sceneViewDuration
• sceneMirPosEncoderDrift
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 3.3-5.5 um(SkyBrightnessTempSpectralAveragesCh2)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 5.5-18 um(SkyBrightnessTempSpectralAveragesCh1)
• ResponsivitySpectralAveragesCh1
• ResponsivitySpectralAveragesCh2
• SkyNENCh1
• SkyNENCh2
• hatchOpen
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp2282_2287)
• SW_HBB_NEN
• sceneMirrorAngle
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowRadiance2510_2515)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp700_705)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowAirTemp2510_2515)
• HBB2minNENestimateNo2Ch2
• HBB2minNENestimateNo2Ch1
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• dateYYMMDD
• alt
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance2295_2300)
• base_time
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp2295_2300)
• SWskyNEN
• wnumsum11
• wnumsum12
• wnumsum13
• wnumsum14
• wnumsum10
• skyViewStdDevRadiance700_705
• SWresponsivity
• Longitude
• HBBtempDrift
• sunSensorIntensity
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance675_680)
• missingDataFlag
• ABBmaxTempDiff
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance700_705)
• HBBmaxTempDiff
• timeHHMMSS
• AERIunitNumber
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• frontEndFanAirTempDiff
• calibrationCBBtemp
• Time_UTC_hours
• rainSensorIntensity
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowAirTemp985_990)

• base_time
• rgs
• noise
• Signal to noise ratio(snr)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• Temperature, virtual, profile, merged from 50 and 915 MHz RASS(virtual_temp)
• Mean radial beam velocity(mdf)
• smdf
• lon
• time_offset
• sampr
• Spectral width(specw)
• alt
• ssnr
• sspecw
• lat

• lon
• Time_UTC_hours
• atmosphericPressure
• JulianDay
• sceneMirrorAngle
• hatchOpen
• outsideAirTemp
• Longitude
• dateYYMMDD
• time
• sceneViewDuration
• Radiation, longwave, downwelling radiance, 0.5 cm-1 resolution, 3.3-5.5 um(mean_rad)
• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• timeHHMMSS
• base_time
• calibrationCBBtemp
• Latitude
• calibrationHBBtemp
• missingDataFlag
• instrumentUnitNumber
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• systemReleaseNumber
• channelNumber
• wnum2
• lat
• BBsupportStructureTemp
• standard_dev_mean_rad
• Altitude
• wnum
• calibratedSceneID
• AERIunitNumber
• alt
• time_offset
• calibrationAmbientTemp

• range_bin_time
• background_signal
• time
• shots_summed
• lat
• voltage_15
• max_altitude
• voltage_05
• voltage_10
• pulse_rep
• instrument_temp
• detector_temp
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• laser_temp
• time_offset
• range_offset
• range
• filter_temp
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level(preliminary_cbh)
• energy_monitor
• alt
• range_bins
• detector_counts
• base_time
• lon
• range_bin_width

• status_string
• Backscatter(backscatter)
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• tilt_angle
• base_time
• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• detection_status
• alt_highest_signal
• window_contamination
• receiver_sensitivity
• Vertical visibility(vertical_visibility)
• laser_temperature
• alt
• time_offset
• filename
• lat
• laser_pulse_energy
• sum_backscatter
• status_flag
• lon
• background_light
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• measurement_parameters
• range

• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• sampr
• rgs
• lat
• lon
• base_time
• time_offset
• alt
• Backscatter, doppler spectrum, 915 MHz RWP(spc_amp)
• bins

• SNR Corrected Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(snr_virtual_temp_corr)
• ncns_virtual_temp
• SNR Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(snr_virtual_temp)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• rgs
• ncns_vert_v
• ncns_virtual_temp_corr
• time_offset
• Temperature, virtual, profile, merged from 50 and 915 MHz RASS(virtual_temp)
• Wind speed, vertical velocity, at altitude, 915 MHz RWP(vert_v)
• lat
• nrcns
• base_time
• SNR Vertical wind velocity(snr_vert_v)
• sampr
• lon
• Temperature, virtual, at altitude, 10-min cons. avg, corrected, 915 MHz RWP/RASS(virtual_temp_corr)
• avgint
• alt
• nrec

• BBcontroller2temp
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance2295_2300
• HBBmaxTempDiff
• ABBtempOffset
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance2510_2515
• detectorTemp
• coadditionsCount
• calibrationHBBtemp
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance675_680)
• skyViewStdDevRadiance985_990
• HBBapexTemp
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• systemReleaseNumber
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance985_990
• base_time
• timeHHMMSS
• sceneMirrorAngle
• LW_HBB_NEN
• spareTemp
• HBBstable
• Latitude
• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp2282_2287)
• channelNumber
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance700_705
• outsideAirTemp
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• rackAmbientTemp
• calibratedSceneID
• frontEndFanAirHeatedTemp
• HBBtempOffset
• instrumentUnitNumber
• ABBtopTemp
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance700_705
• fixed2500ohmResistor
• missingDataFlag
• time_offset
• fixed97KohmResistor
• LWskyNEN
• HBBapexTempWeight
• ABBbottomTempWeight
• expandedInterferogramSize
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowAirTemp2510_2515)
• coolerCurrent
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance700_705
• HBBbottomTemp
• frontEndFanAirUnheatedTemp
• computerTemp
• LWresponsivity
• lon
• calibrationAmbientTemp
• interferometerSecondPortTemp
• skyViewStdDevRadiance700_705
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp700_705)
• interferometerEnclosureRelativeHumidity
• originalInterferogramSize
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance985_990
• maxSampleStdDev
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowRadiance2510_2515)
• motorDriverTemp
• SWskyNENlimit
• Longitude
• alt
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance675_680
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• ABBapexTemp
• hatchOpen
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance2282_2287
• ABBbottomTemp
• AERIunitNumber
• Altitude
• LWskyNENacceptable
• sceneMirPosCount
• sceneMirrorMotorStep
• SWresponsivity
• lat
• originalLaserWavenumber
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp2295_2300)
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowRadiance985_990)
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance675_680
• BBsupportStructureTemp
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• sceneMirPosEncoder
• rainSensorIntensity
• twoMinuteNoiseEstimateFactor
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance985_990
• SCEtemp
• sceneViewDuration
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance675_680
• BBcontroller1temp
• HBBtopTempWeight
• dateYYMMDD
• airNearBBsTemp
• ABBmaxTempDiff
• HBBtempDriftLimit
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance2295_2300)
• BBcavityFactor
• coolerCompressorTemp
• sceneMirrorTemp
• coolerExpanderTemp
• coolerPowerSupplyTemp
• dataAvailable
• skyViewStdDevRadiance675_680
• Time_UTC_hours
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowAirTemp985_990)
• HBBtempDrift
• sunSensorIntensity
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• sceneMirrorPosition
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• atmosphericPressure
• HBBtopTemp
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• SWskyNENacceptable
• time
• JulianDay
• ABBapexTempWeight
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp675_680)
• SW_HBB_NEN
• ABBtopTempWeight
• LWskyNENlimit
• fixed12KohmResistor
• SWskyNEN
• airNearInterferometerTemp
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance700_705)
• mirrorMotorTemp
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance2282_2287)
• FFOVhalfAngle
• interferometerWindowTemp
• sceneMirPosEncoderDrift
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• HBBbottomTempWeight
• calibrationCBBtemp
• outputLaserWavenumber
• opticsCompartmentRelativeHumidity
• numberOfTerms
• frontEndFanAirTempDiff

• range_bin_time
• detector_temp
• total_counts
• scalar_sync_offset
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• transceiver_azimuth_angle
• time_offset
• laser_sync_offset
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level(preliminary_cbh)
• voltage_10
• voltage_15
• voltage_05
• trigger_freq
• time
• instrument_temp
• shots_sum
• filter_temp
• Backscatter(backscatter)
• alt
• lon
• base_time
• pulse_rep
• background_signal
• deadtime_correction
• laser_scalar_sync_offset
• lat
• range
• max_altitude
• range_bin_width
• energy_monitor
• range_offset
• shots_summed
• property
• laser_temp
• transceiver_altitude_angle
• range_bins

• ReceiverNumber
• CalCheckTime
• RxCalTimeStamp
• TWTStatusCode
• DCFilterONOFF
• base_time
• NumCodeBits
• MMCR Mean Doppler Velocity(MeanDopplerVelocity)
• WindowingONOFF
• NumFFT
• ReceiverMode
• GateSpacing
• heights
• NumHeights
• CalCheckLevel
• PulseWidth
• NumSpectralAverages
• SkyNoiseLevel
• Power
• DataQualityStatus
• SignalToNoiseRatio
• ClutterHeight
• ModeNum
• NumCoherentIntegrations
• MinimumDetectableReflectivity
• time_offset
• Cloud, reflectivity, at altitude(Reflectivity)
• Rx290KLevel
• lon
• NyquistVelocity
• ModeDescription
• PeakTransmittedPowerAvg
• TimeAvg
• StartGateDelay
• InterPulsePeriod
• lat
• alt
• RxGain
• time
• NumReceivers
• RangeCorrectedPower
• MMCR Spectral Width(SpectralWidth)
• AvgNoiseLevel
• NoiseLevel
• CircularDepolarizationRatio
• RadarConstant

• lat
• SonicWD_SDU_WVT
• RH10M_STD
• VP10M_STD
• Relative humidity, average, at 10-m height(RH10M_AVG)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WS10M_U_WVT)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 2-m height(DP2M_AVG)
• Pressure, vapor, at 2-m height(VP2M_AVG)
• Pressure, vapor, at 20-m height(VP20M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 10-m height(DP10M_AVG)
• CMHTemp
• VP20M_STD
• DP20M_STD
• Wind speed, mean, at 2-m height(WS2M_S_WVT)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WS2M_U_WVT)
• RefT10m_AVG
• DP40M_STD
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• Wind speed, mean, at 40-m height(WS40M_S_WVT)
• time
• RefT40M_AVG
• DP10M_STD
• PWSAlarm
• WD40M_SDU_WVT
• alt
• RefT2M_AVG
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WS20M_U_WVT)
• SatVPCMH
• PwCod1hr
• lon
• Temperature, air, average, at 10-m height(T10M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 20-m height(DP20M_AVG)
• SonicS_AVG
• T40M_STD
• VPCMH
• DP2M_STD
• RH40M_STD
• RefT20M_AVG
• VP40M_STD
• PcpRate
• base_time
• Pressure, atmospheric(AtmPress)
• SonicX_AVG
• Visibility, 1 minute average(AvgVis1mi)
• WD2M_SDU_WVT
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• Visibility, 10 minute average(AvgVis10m)
• CMHDP
• Temperature, air, average, at 20-m height(T20M_AVG)
• T10M_STD
• CumH2O
• CumSnow
• PwCod15mi
• T20M_STD
• Volt10M_AVG
• SonicY_AVG
• Relative humidity, average, at 40-m height(RH40M_AVG)
• WD10M_SDU_WVT
• WD20M_SDU_WVT
• Wind direction vector mean(SonicWD_DU_WVT)
• Temperature, air, average, at 40-m height(T40M_AVG)
• Wind speed, mean, at 10-m height(WS10M_S_WVT)
• Pressure, vapor, at 10-m height(VP10M_AVG)
• InstPwCod
• Volt40M_AVG
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• RH2M_STD
• Batt_Volt
• Relative humidity, average, at 2-m height(RH2M_AVG)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WS40M_U_WVT)
• T2M_STD
• Temperature, air, average, at 2-m height(T2M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 40-m height(DP40M_AVG)
• VP2M_STD
• time_offset
• Wind speed vector mean(SonicWS_U_WVT)
• RH20M_STD
• Pressure, vapor, at 40-m height(VP40M_AVG)
• Relative humidity, average, at 20-m height(RH20M_AVG)
• Wind speed, mean, at 20-m height(WS20M_S_WVT)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WD2M_DU_WVT)
• Volt20M_AVG
• Volt2M_AVG
• Wind speed arithmetic mean(SonicWS_S_WVT)
• CMHRH

• azimuth
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• alt
• frequency
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• elevation
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• base_time
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• blackbodyTemperature
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Retrieved dewpoint temperature(dewpointTemperature)
• lon
• time
• temperatureRmsError
• Retrieved water vapor mixing ratio(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• Air temperature(temperature)
• time_offset
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• Barometric pressure(pressure)
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• lat
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• infraredTemperature
• dataQualityFlags
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• Energy, potential, convective, available, from RUC model(cape)
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• wetWindowFlag

• Signal to noise ratio(snr)
• oband
• bswitch
• lon
• beam
• base_time
• vband
• spcavetime
• pcbits
• ipp
• Mean radial beam velocity(mdf)
• plen
• nheight
• alt
• dly
• time_offset
• vsr
• elevation
• nspc
• Spectral width(specw)
• sitime
• ncoh
• tditime
• range_gate
• prf
• noise
• height_t
• lat
• sampr
• rgl
• rgs
• rgf

• tbskytip31
• tnd23I
• tbskytip23
• r31
• lon
• r23
• lat
• tnd23
• tnd31
• wet_window
• tknd
• tkxc
• alt
• tkbb
• bb23
• time_offset
• bb31
• tc31
• base_time
• tnd31I
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• actaz
• liqtip
• actel
• tipsky31
• tipsky23
• tkair
• vaptip
• bbn31
• bbn23

• JPEG data stream - documentation not yet available

NSA/MWR/C2 - no air temperature signal

When the new blower was upgraded by Radiometrics and reinstalled on the MWR, the air 
temperature sensor failed to properly report. It was determined that the wires carrying the 
signal to the analog board did not conform to the standard expected by the upgraded blower. 
The problem was corrected by modifying the MWR software to read the signal from the 
appropriate corresponding channel.

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - poor air temperature values

After the air temperature sensor was rewired due to a change with the new blower 
(D030515.3), the measurement was initially incorrect. There is no apparent cause for the bad 
signal or its improvement.

• tkair

• tkair

TWP/MWR/C2 - Heater problem

When the wiring of the air temperature sensor was checked the heater apparently began 
activating too often.

• wet_window

• water_flag_fraction

• wet_window

TWP/MWR/C2 - mixer temperature

When the wiring of the air temperature sensor was checked the mixer temperature 
unexpectedly decreased 4 degrees. It increased to its normal value when the dielectric window was 
replaced. The problem was probably caused by a loose and/or corroded connection.

• tkxc

• tkxc

TWP/MWR/C2 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals. 
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at TWP.C2 20020427.0600.  The 
MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active at TWP.C2 20050630.2100.

Note: The TWP.C2 data for 19981028-20050630 have been reprocessed to apply the 
MONORTM-based retrievals for all time.  The reprocessed data were archived 20061003.

• mean_vap_mwr
• mean_liq_mwr

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C3 - Reprocess - Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based 
retrievals, for most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data 
using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients was active at TWP.C3 from
inception of the data, 20020227.0151.  The MONORTM-based retrieval
coefficients became active at TWP.C3 20050630.2100.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the 
Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients to all MWR prior to April 
2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be undertaken to apply 
the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. 
Read reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to 
ensure you are aware which retrieval is in play.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• liqtip
• vaptip

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: Revised Calibration Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based 
retrievals, for most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data 
using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at NSA.C1 
20020425.1900.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at NSA.C1 20050629.0000.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the 
Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients to all MWR prior to April 
2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be undertaken to apply 
the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. 
Read reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to 
ensure you are aware which retrieval is in play.

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• mean_liq_mwr
• mean_vap_mwr

• vaptip
• liqtip

NSA/MWR/C2 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid water absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.	The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at NSA.C2
20020418.1700.	The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at NSA.C2 20050629.0000.

Note: The NSA.C2 MWRLOS data for 19991018-20050630 have been reprocessed
to apply the MONORTM-based retrievals for all time. The reprocessed data
were archived in March 2007.  The TIP data have not been reprocessed.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• vaptip
• liqtip

TWP/MWR/C1 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at TWP.C1 
20020504.0200.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at TWP.C1 20050630.2100.

Note: The TWP.C1 data for 19961011-20050630 have been reprocessed to apply the

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• liqtip
• vaptip

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Possible loss of accuracy due to missing blower

On 7/09 the MWR blower failed. The blower prevents snow and liquid drop from accumulating 
on the window. Accumulation of snow or liquid results in a loss of accuracy of the 
instrument. The loss of accuracy has consequencies on the retrieved liquid water path and 
precipitable water vapor. Usually there will be an overestimation of liquid and vapor. The 
blower was repaired and reinstalled on 7/20. Between 7/9 and 7/20 the tkair variable is 
unavailable as well.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31
• sky23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• wet_window
• tkair

• vaptip
• tipsky31
• tipsky23
• liqtip
• wet_window
• tbskytip31
• tkair
• tbskytip23

NSA/MWR/C2 - Thermally unstable

Between 08/12 and 08/17 the instrument displayed some intermittent thermal instability. 
Measurement accuracy may be degraded during these time periods.

Periods of thermal instability may be identified by checking the black body temperature 
Tkbb. If Tkbb > 303K (30 C) the instrument is unstable.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• vaptip
• tbskytip23
• liqtip
• tbskytip31

NSA/MWR/C1 - Instrument problem, Heater problem

The heater of the MWR was ON all the time even when the moisture sensor was dry. Jim 
Liljegren suspected a problem with the relay that activates the heater. The suggested action 
was to send the faulty assembly to SGP for repair and get a spare unit from SGP.
The spare unit was sent on 9/15 and was installed on 10/18.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• lon
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• alt
• tkbb
• time_offset
• wet_window
• bbn23
• tkair
• base_time
• lat
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• bb23
• tc23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• actel
• tc31
• actaz
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in October 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• tnd31
• tipsky31
• bbn31
• tbskytip31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd23
• r23
• tnd31I
• tnd_nom23
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• vaptip
• tnd23I
• tkair
• bbn23
• bb23
• tipsky23

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• tknd
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C2 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in November 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of 
tip curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/15/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• tipsky23
• bbn31
• tkair
• tkbb
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• bbn23
• tnd31
• tc31
• r23
• tknd
• tnd23I
• bb31
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• tnd31I
• r31
• tipsky31

• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd23
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tkbb
• tc23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tknd
• bb23
• tnd31
• bbn31
• tc31

NSA/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in September 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one 
that caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of 
tip curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/15/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• bbn23
• tkair
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• bb23
• tc23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31

• tnd23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• tc31
• tnd31I
• tkbb
• liqtip
• bbn31
• tbskytip31
• r31
• tkair
• vaptip
• bb23
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23I
• tknd
• tipsky31
• tc23
• tipsky23
• r23
• tbskytip23
• bbn23
• tnd31

NSA/MWR/C2 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in September 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one 
that caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of 
tip curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/15/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tkxc
• tc31
• bbn31
• bb23
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky31
• tnd31
• tkair
• sky23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tknd
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bbn23
• bb31
• tnd23
• tnd_nom31

• bbn31
• tkbb
• tipsky23
• tbskytip31
• tnd23I
• vaptip
• tnd31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd31I
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tc23
• tipsky31
• tbskytip23
• tkair
• bbn23
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• r23
• tkxc
• bb23
• tc31
• tnd23

TWP/MWR/C3 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in October 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/20/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkbb
• tnd23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky31
• tc23
• tnd_nom31
• bb23
• bbn31
• tkxc
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• tc31
• sky23
• tnd31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb31
• tkair
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• tnd_nom23
• tnd31
• bb23
• tbskytip23
• tnd31I
• bbn23
• tipsky23
• tc31
• r23
• tkbb
• tkxc
• tc23
• liqtip
• vaptip
• bbn31
• bb31
• tbskytip31
• tnd_nom31
• r31
• tnd23
• tipsky31
• tnd23I
• tknd
• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: wrong calibration

When MWR#20 was returned to service on 9/1/2005, the calibration had changed as a result 
of the repairs made by Radiometrics and the RF deck temperature had been set to 325K for 
testing. On 9/2, the temperature was decreased to 307K to prevent thermal instability in 
winter and the calibration was changed in the configuration file with the values supplied 
on the repair report.  

The data need to be reprocessed with the calibration coefficients that were automatically 
derived after these changes were put into affect. They are: tnd_nom23=185.621, 
tnd_nom31=158.801, tc23=-0.022, tc31=-0.039.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• vaptip
• liqtip
• tbskytip31
• tbskytip23

NSA/MWR/C1 -  Incorrect time stamp

On Sept 27 the motherboard of the MWR computer was replaced. Following the replacement, 
the date on the computer was not set to the correct time of day, therefore the date and 
time in the files were wrong. The time on the computer was reset on Sept. 30. Time stamps 
between Sept. 27 and Sept. 30 were later corrected based on gathered information, however 
they may have as much as 5 minutes of uncertainty.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• lon
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• sky23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• alt
• tkbb
• time_offset
• wet_window
• bbn23
• base_time
• tkair
• lat
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• bb23
• tc23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• actel
• tc31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• actaz
• bbn31

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/MWR/C3 - Instrument failure, Power outage

A lightning strike sent the MWR offline. The radiometer suffered extensive damage, was 
removed from the site and sent to the vendor for repair. A spare radiometer was sent to the 
TWP/C3 site and was installed on 12/07. However, some hardaware communication issues 
prevented data collection until 12/10.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• bb23
• time_offset
• tkxc
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• lat
• sky23
• tnd31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• bb31
• alt
• tnd23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd_nom31
• lon
• bbn31
• wet_window
• tc31
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tkair

• tkbb
• time_offset
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky31
• tknd
• tc23
• tnd23
• bb31
• tkxc
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• alt
• tnd31
• bb23
• bbn23
• lon
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tc31
• lat

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tnd31
• bb23
• tipsky23
• bbn23
• lon
• tkxc
• tc23
• alt
• base_time
• bbn31
• bb31
• tnd_nom31
• r31
• tnd23
• tnd23I
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tnd_nom23
• lat
• actaz
• tnd31I
• tc31
• r23
• actel
• tkbb
• liqtip
• vaptip
• tbskytip31
• tipsky31
• time_offset
• wet_window
• tkair

TWP/MWR/C3 - REPROCESS- Updated retrieval coefficients

The statistical retrieval coefficients currently in use at the Darwin (TWP/C3) site were 
developed using radiosonde RS80 launched from Manus Island during the TOGA-COARE 
experiment.
Data from Manus Island have minimal seasonality, therefore a single, annual set of 
coefficients was used at all three sites. Retrievals using these coefficients are sufficiently 
accurate especially during the local summer months (December-January). However, the Darwin 
site displays a summer/winter seasonality resulting in larger differences during the 
southern winter (May-
June).
Since we now have enough radiosonde soundings (RS80 and RS90) available at the Darwin 
site, the Darwin coefficients were modified to better reflect the local seasonality.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• liqtip
• vaptip

NSA/MWR/C2 - Frosting/Condensation

Doug reported freezing winds and ice accumulation on the MWR cover and radome. This may 
affect data quality and calibration. 
On 2/24 Doug attempted to slowly thaw the cover and clear the window.
From 2/22 to 2/24 the LWP and PWV reported by the MWR are near zero. These data are 
probably affected by the frost accumulated on the radiometer window.

• sky23
• tc31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tc23
• lon
• sky31

• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31
• tnd23I
• vaptip
• tnd_nom31
• tnd31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd31I
• liqtip
• tnd23

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/MWR/C3 - Site shutdown

On 4/24, the site was shutdown in preparation for a cyclone. Instruments were back up on 
4/25 at 22:59

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• bb23
• time_offset
• tkxc
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• lat
• tnd31
• sky23
• bbn23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bb31
• alt
• tnd23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd_nom31
• lon
• bbn31
• wet_window
• tc31
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tkair

• tkbb
• time_offset
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky31
• tknd
• tc23
• tnd23
• bb31
• tkxc
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• alt
• tnd31
• bb23
• bbn23
• lon
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tc31
• lat

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tnd31
• bb23
• tipsky23
• bbn23
• lon
• tkxc
• tc23
• alt
• base_time
• bbn31
• bb31
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23
• r31
• tnd23I
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• tbskytip23
• lat
• actaz
• tnd31I
• tc31
• r23
• actel
• tkbb
• liqtip
• vaptip
• tbskytip31
• tipsky31
• time_offset
• wet_window
• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - TKAIR sensor failure

Between 7/14 and 7/28 the tkair variable is missing most of the time and sometimes has 
large negative spikes.  On 7/28, the sensor was cleaned of corrosion and the readings came 
back to normal.

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C2 - Spikes in air temperature readings

The tkair variable has occasional spikes due to sensor corrosion. On 8/1, the temperature 
sensor was replaced.

• tkair

TWP/MWR/C2 - Missing data

The heater blower assembly was causing the fuse to blow.  The instrument was taken offline 
until a replacement arrives.

• tipsky23
• tkair
• base_time
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• actaz
• wet_window
• r23
• tnd23I
• tc23
• time_offset
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• lat
• r31
• bb23
• bbn31
• tkbb
• tnd31
• bbn23
• tc31
• tknd
• alt
• bb31
• actel
• tnd31I
• lon
• tipsky31

• tbsky31_sdev
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• time_offset
• lat
• vap_sdev
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• ir_temp_sdev
• base_time
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tbsky23_sdev
• alt
• water_flag_fraction
• lon
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• liq_sdev
• num_obs
• num_obs_irt
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tnd23
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• tkbb
• tc23
• tkxc
• tnd31
• bbn31
• base_time
• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lat
• lon
• time_offset
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• actel
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tknd
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• alt
• tc31
• actaz

NSA/MWR/C1 - Rain sensor always on

The rain sensor was always on between 10/5 and 10/23 2006.
The user should be aware that not all data flagged as rainy are actually rainy. The 
problem was caused by a shift in the sensitivity of the rain sensor and was corrected by 
changing the sensor threshold in the configuration file.

• wet_window

• wet_window

TWP/MWR/C1 - Radiometer failure

The instrument stopped responding and had to be powered off. Suspect cause of failure is a 
faulty digital board.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• bbn31
• 23expave
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23ndiode
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• airm
• actel
• 23tipskynd
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• wet_window
• 23bbn
• 23tbzenith
• 31bbn
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23gain
• 23tipsky
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• vaptip
• lon
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• bbn23
• 31ndiode
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C3 - Sun in field of view of radiometer

Each day  around local noon (2-3 AM UTC), there is an increase in the brightness 
temperature due to the sun being in the field of view of the radiometer.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31
• tipsky23
• liqtip
• vaptip
• tipsky31

TWP/MWR/C2 - Missing Data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd23
• lat
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• lon
• bbn23
• time_offset
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• actel
• wet_window
• tkbb
• tc23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tknd
• tnd31
• bb23
• bbn31
• alt
• tc31
• actaz
• base_time

TWP/MWR/C2 - Reprocessed: New Calibration coefficients

On 11/27 a spare radiometer was installed to replace a faulty radiometer. Once the 
radiometer started to collect data it used the default calibration coefficients until it 
collected enough tip data to determine its own coefficients.

The data were reprocessed to apply corrected calibrations and the reprocessed data were 
archived 20061222.

• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tc31

• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tnd31
• tc31
• tc23
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• bbn31
• 23expave
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23ndiode
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• airm
• actel
• 23tipskynd
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• wet_window
• 23bbn
• 23tbzenith
• 31bbn
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23gain
• 23tipsky
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tkbb
• tnd_nom31
• tipn
• lon
• vaptip
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• bbn23
• 31ndiode
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C1/C2 - Sun in the field of view

Every day between around noon local time (usually between 1 and 2 AM UTC time) there is an 
increase in the brightness temperatures due to the sun in the field of view of the 
radiometer.

The effect lasts less than an hour around local noon (usually between 1 and 2 AM UTC 
time).  The effect appears as a smooth increase and decrease in brightness temperature.

• tipsky23
• tipsky31

• vaptip
• liqtip
• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent data

After a computer change the MWR program did not restart properly.  Data are intermittent 
between 6/12 and 6/17.

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• bbn31
• 23expave
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23ndiode
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• airm
• actel
• 23tipskynd
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• wet_window
• 23bbn
• 23tbzenith
• 31bbn
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23gain
• 23tipsky
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• vaptip
• lon
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• bbn23
• 31ndiode
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Incorrect ambient temperature readings

Starting on 11/21 the ambient temperature readings are intermittent and have spikes.
Site operators replaced the dew-blower on 12/11 and readings came back to normal

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - Spikes in air temperature readings

During this month there are occasional negative spikes in the Tkair variable. The problem 
may be corrosion in the temperature sensor or the infiltration of water from melting snow.
The dewblower was replaced and a new sensor installed

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C2 - Possible bias on measurements

This instrument was refurbished at the the vendor's facility in 2008 and then sent to the 
SGP for side-by-side comparison with another MWR. During the time the instrument was at 
the SGP, it was noticed that the 23.8-GHz measurements were slightly warmer than those 
from radiometer SN10 operating at the SGP Central Facility. A comparison with radiosonde 
measurements confirmed the slight change in the measurements.

An explanation of the bias and comparison with radiosonde measurements and radiometer SN 
10 is given in the mentor's monthly data  review  for the month of April 2008.

Since there aren't radiosondes at NSA.C2, it is difficult to work around this problem. 
Based on comparison at the SGP, the bias in the 23.8-GHz channel was quantified to be ~1.5 
K. Users can attempt to subtract this amount from the 23.8-GHz measurements. 
Alternatively, use the retrieved PWV and LWV keeping in mind that there is a possible overestimation 
of PWV of ~1 mm.

On 11/16/2009 after a hardware failure of the radiometer a spare radiometer (SN15) was 
installed at the site.

• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• tbskytip23

NSA/MWR/C1 - Missing surface air temperature data

Some wires in the dewblower were not correctly configured.

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C2 - Occasional thermal instability

Between 7/1 and 7/15 the radiometer experienced a few days of thermal instability. From a 
review of the data it doesn't appear that the instability has had any major effect. It is 
not possible to quantify in detail the effect of the instability due to the lack of 
radiosonde sounding,  however users are cautioned that a higher uncertainty may be affecting 
these data.

• tc31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31

• tc23
• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31
• vaptip
• tnd_nom31
• tnd31
• tnd_nom23
• tc31
• liqtip
• tnd23

• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Short periods of wrong ambient temperature

During this month there are a few intermittent instances of bad ambient temperature 
readings. I will summarize here these short time ranges:
20080909 between 02:00 and 03:00 UTC
20080909 between 09:00 and 14:00 UTC

Additionally the ambient temperature has short but frequent data gaps.  The data gaps are 
very short (less than one hour). Users could interpolate missing data or use alternative 
sensors such as the surface meteorological data available for the site.

• tkair

• tkair

TWP/MWR/C2 - Incorrect ambient temperature during rain

The ambient temperature was approximately 15 degree higher than what it should be when it 
was raining and the heater came. On Jan 9 2009 the dewblower was replaced which solved 
the problem.

The increased ambient temperature (tkair) was happening during times of rain and users 
should always disregard MWR data during rain events.  Therefore this DQR is colored 
transparent.

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - Incorrect brightness temperatures and retrievals

The brightness temperatures and retrieved PWV and LWP show a sudden jump and have values 
that are too high. The suddenly jump back to normal at around 1800 UTC. All other 
parameters seem reasonable so the cause of the jump may just be due to accumulation of either 
snow or melting ice on the radome.

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkair

• vaptip
• liqtip
• tbskytip31
• tbskytip23
• tkair

TWP/MWR/C1 - Ambient temperature data missing

The ambient temperature readings (tkair) suddenly failed. The sensor was replaced on Feb 
6.

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - RFI screening test

The instrument was covered with a shield to test the effect on the RF interference that is 
affecting the measurements since February. The test was performed on 4/15 and 4/16 for a 
few hours.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• bbn23
• tkair
• bb23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• wet_window
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• tc23
• actel
• tc31
• actaz

• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• tnd31I
• liqtip
• wet_window
• bbn31
• r31
• tkair
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• tc23
• r23
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd23
• tc31
• actel
• tkbb
• tbskytip31
• actaz
• vaptip
• bb23
• tnd23I
• tipsky31
• tipsky23
• tbskytip23
• tnd31

TWP/MWR/C2 - Intermittent data

There are several short data gaps (usually 2 to 7 hours) in the data due to computer 
malfunction. The problem was solved by replacing the computer.

• tipsky23
• tkair
• base_time
• tnd_nom31
• tkxc
• actaz
• wet_window
• r23
• tnd23I
• tc23
• time_offset
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• lat
• r31
• bb23
• bbn31
• tkbb
• tnd31
• bbn23
• tc31
• tknd
• alt
• bb31
• actel
• tnd31I
• lon
• tipsky31

• tnd23
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• tkbb
• tc23
• tkxc
• tnd31
• bbn31
• base_time
• tnd_nom23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lat
• lon
• time_offset
• bb31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• actel
• wet_window
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• tkair
• tknd
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• alt
• tc31
• actaz

NSA/MWR/C1 - High noise in 23.8-GHz channel

Starting approximately on February 13 the MWR experienced high level of noise in the 23.8 
GHz channel. The spikes became more prominent around Feb 17 and increased after that date 
as well. The cause of the interference was identified as the nearby MWRP on Oct 13 and 
the instruments were realigned.

• sky23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• vaptip
• tipsky23
• tbskytip23

NSA/MWR/C1 - Intermittent air temperature readings

Starting on 5/23 the air temperature readings (tkair) were intermittent and had negative 
spikes

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - Air temperature readings missing

The air temperature readings (tkair) dropped on 5/26. The signal was restored on 6/10.

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C2 - Radiometer unstable

The radiometer had problems maintaining the thermal stabilization between 1/6 and 1/14.

• tkxc
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• tnd31

• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31
• tnd23I
• vaptip
• tnd31
• tkxc
• tnd31I
• liqtip
• tnd23

NSA/MWR/C1 - Elevated noise

The data have high noise levels.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• sky31

• vaptip
• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• tbskytip23

NSA/MWR/C2 - Temperature instability

There was some temperature instability that could affect the calibration. Although the 
instability was brief users may find increased noise in the data or a slight deterioration 
of calibration accuracy during the indicated times.

• tc31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tnd_nom31

• tc23
• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31
• tnd23I
• vaptip
• tnd_nom31
• tnd31
• tnd_nom23
• r23
• tnd31I
• r31
• tc31
• liqtip
• tnd23

NSA/MWR/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• alt
• tkbb
• bbn23
• tkair
• base_time
• bb23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31
• lon
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• time_offset
• wet_window
• lat
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• tc23
• actel
• tc31
• actaz

• lat
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• tnd31I
• liqtip
• wet_window
• bbn31
• r31
• tkair
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• lon
• tc23
• r23
• bbn23
• tnd23
• tkxc
• tc31
• actel
• tkbb
• alt
• tbskytip31
• actaz
• vaptip
• bb23
• tnd23I
• tipsky31
• time_offset
• tipsky23
• base_time
• tbskytip23
• tnd31

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent data due to computer problems

Between 1/7 and 1/9 there are large segments of data missing because of a computer 
problem.

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• bbn31
• 23expave
• tbskytip31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23ndiode
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• airm
• actel
• 23tipskynd
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• 31bbn
• 23tbzenith
• 23bbn
• wet_window
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23tipsky
• 23gain
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• lon
• vaptip
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• bbn23
• 31ndiode
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• tnd31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C2 - Missing ambient temperature

The tkair readings (ambient temperatures) is very intermittent and mostly missing for the 
month of May and June. On June 14 the dewblower was replaced.

• tkair

• tkair

TWP/MWR/C1 - Rain events not flagged

On some occasions the rain flag did not flag data during likely rain events.

Users should carefully examine the data to ensure that they are not contaminated by rain. 
Also examine the brightness temperature qc variables.

• liqtip
• vaptip
• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)