SGP/MWR/C1 - REPROCESS - Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.  

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals.  
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based retrievals, for 
most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 456):
SGP/C1 (Lamont)     4/16/2002, 2000
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  4/12/2002, 1600
SGP/B4 (Vici)       4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B5 (Morris)     4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    4/16/2002, 2200
SGP/E14(Lamont)     4/16/2002, 0000
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     4/25/2002, 1900 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    4/18/2002, 1700
TWP/C1 (Manus)      5/04/2002, 0200
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      4/27/2002, 0600
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     inception

The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 984):

SGP/C1 (Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B4 (Vici)       6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B5 (Morris)     6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    6/24/2005, 1942
SGP/E14(Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     6/29/2005, 0000 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    6/29/2005, 0000
TWP/C1 (Manus)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     6/30/2005, 2100
PYE/M1 (Pt. Reyes)  4/08/2005, 1900**

** At Pt. Reyes, the original retrieval coefficients implemented in March 2005 were based 
on a version of the Rosenkranz model that had been modified to use the HITRAN half-width 
at 22 GHz and to be consistent with the water vapor continuum in MONORTM.  These 
retrievals yield nearly identical results to the MONORTM retrievals.  Therefore the Pt. Reyes 
data prior to 4/08/2005 may not require reprocessing.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• liqtip
• vaptip

• mean_liq_mwr
• mean_vap_mwr

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH Data

The RH values below 6 km are incorrect.  The problem relates to a failure of the GC25 
ground check set used before this particular sounding.  The failure seems to have affected 
the sensor calibration with the effect that one of the two sensors was reading artificially 
high.  Because the internal processing software uses the highest of the two sensor 
readings, the bad sensor value is chosen whenever it is not heated.

• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Humidity, relative(rh)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - Bad T/RH and surface P.

Apparently multiple failures.  The radiosonde temperature sensor broke on launch causing 
an approximate 35 degC negative offset and as a result, the RH is incorrect.  Furthermore, 
it appears that the pressure sensor was off by approximately 4 hPa, though this would 
not affect the altitude calculation, the absolute pressure is wrong.

• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - Temperature/RH incorrect

The temperature throughout this sounding is too high and as a result the RH values will be 
incorrect as well.  I'm not sure what is wrong here but the operators noted reasonable 
values (18.1 degC, 87%) in the log before launch.  Review of the raw data, however, shows 
the sonde reporting temperatures nearly 20 degC higher.  I suppose it is possible that 
the operator entered into the log the reference temperature from the GC25 ground check set 
rather than the temperature reported by the sonde - I can't think of any other 
explanation - there is no doubt that the temperature sensor on this sonde was bad.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)

• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Humidity, relative(rh)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Instrument noise problem

Various variables including the mixer temperatures were very noisy. After several attempts 
to fix the problem, the instrument was taken off line and returned to the manufacturer 
for repair.

• vap_sdev
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• number_obs_averaged
• 23tbsky
• liq_sdev
• prob_slope_change
• tbsky23_sdev
• ir_temp_sdev
• water_flag_fraction
• tbsky31_sdev
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• prob_outlier
• 31tbsky
• water_flag
• prob_level_change
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)

• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tnd31I
• r23
• bbn31
• tnd_nom23
• tkair
• tbsky31tip
• tnd23
• tc23
• liqtip
• tnd23I
• tbsky23tip
• tknd
• tkbb
• tkxc
• wet_window
• bb23
• tnd31
• tc31
• vaptip
• bbn23
• r31
• tnd_nom31
• bb31

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 31tbsky
• dlm_flag_fraction
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• water_flag_periods
• vap_sdev
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23tbsky
• tbsky31_sdev
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• ir_temp_sdev
• liq_sdev
• tbsky23_sdev
• water_flag_fraction
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• dlm_flag_periods

• wet_window
• bbn31
• tkair
• sky23
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tknd
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• bb31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

SGP/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 08/04/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to 
~50s.

• tc23
• liqtip
• tnd23I
• tbsky23tip
• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tkxc
• tknd
• tkbb
• tnd31I
• r23
• bbn31
• tnd_nom23
• bb23
• tkair
• tnd31
• tc31
• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• bbn23
• r31
• tnd_nom31
• bb31
• tnd23

• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• bb31
• bbn31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkair
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd31
• tknd

SGP/AOS/C1 - Nephelometer calibration drift

Bad span check on the humidified nepehelometer.  Instrument was recalibrated and returned 
to service on 10/28/2005 at 1940 UTC.

• TSINephTSamp_HRH
• HGupstream_RH
• Backscattering coefficient at 10 um from 550 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(GrnBScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 1 um from 550 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(GrnTScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• TSINephPres_HRH
• Total scattering coefficient at 1 um from 450 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(BluTScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 1 um from 700 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(RedBScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 1 um from 550 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(GrnBScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• HGdownstream_RH
• Backscattering coefficient at 10 um from 700 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(RedBScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 10 um from 550 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(GrnTScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• TSINephRHSamp_HRH
• Backscattering coefficient at 10 um, from 450 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(BluBScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 10 um from 450 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(BluTScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 1 um, from 450 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(BluBScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 10 um from 700 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(RedTScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• TSINephTin_HRH
• Total scattering coefficient at 1 um from 700 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(RedTScatCoef_1um_HRH)

• BluBScatSpn_HRH
• BluTScatZero_HRH
• BluTScatSpn_HRH
• BluRScatZero_HRH
• BluBScatZero_HRH

SGP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH Data

The RH values during this sounding oscillate between reasonable values and near-zero 
values.  The oscillation is due to failure of the RH sensor heating process.

• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Humidity, relative(rh)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - Mixed use of RS92-SGP and RS92-KL radiosondes

Because of a manufacturer's production problem, we will be using both RS92-SGP (GPS 
windfinding and RS92-KL (Loran windfinding) radiosondes at the SGP/CF starting February 10, 
2006.  The radiosonde type used for the each sounding may be determined by looking the 
metadata variable "launch_status" in the netCDF data files.

• wstat
• lon
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• lat
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - Soundings done as part of dual-sonde flights

The following soundings done during the subject time period were flown in dual-sonde mode 
in which the standard ARM RS92 radiosonde was attached to the same balloon with a NASA 
ATR (atmospheric temperature reference) radiosonde.  The radiosondes were separated by a 6' 
styrofoam bar.  To accommodate the additional weight, we used 1200g balloons rather than 
350g balloons.  Accordingly, we want to alert users that these soundings may reach 
higher altitudes than normal for ARM soundings and that the ascent rate may be somewhat 
higher.  The following soundings are affected:

Sequence  Date    UTC launch time
    1     2/22        0530
    2     2/22        1730
    3     2/22        2330 <---- No data: launch failure    
    4     2/23        0230
    5     2/23        0530
    6     2/23        1730    
    7     2/23        2030
    8     2/23        2330
    9     2/24        2330
   10     2/25        0215
   11     2/25        0509    
   12     2/25        1730
   13     2/25        1930
   14     2/25        2300

• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• lon
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• base_time
• asc
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• lat
• time_offset
• alt
• wstat
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - No Wind/Lat/Lon Data in Sonde Files

The wind finding hardware failed so that no wind or latitude/longitude data was collected 
on the launches for these days.

• wstat
• lon
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• lat
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Spikes in ambient temperature readings

There are intermittent spikes in the Tkair temperature (T ~ 400 K). On 7/28 the sensor 
was cleaned and the instrument power cycled following a power outage. Readings came back to 
normal.

• tkair

• tkair

SGP/AOS/C1 - Missing Condensation Nuclei Counter data

AOS Condensation Nuclei Counter stopped detecting particle counts and was returned to 
mentor for cleaning.  The instrument has small orifices and has a tendency to clog.

• Particle concentration from Condensation Particle Counter(CPCPartConc)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - RH values offset due to error in ground check

Background: After installation of the latest software update , we began performing formal 
ground checks on RS92 radiosondes.  By comparing the
radiosonde readings with reference values in a controlled environment, the
ground check is intended to ensure that the radiosonde sensors are in
calibration before launch.  The radisonde values during the ground check
process are recorded automatically; the reference values are entered by the
operator.  If the radiosonde readings vary from the reference values, the
system 'corrects' the radiosonde values.  In the case of RH, the correction
is applied as an offset (true RH = indicated RH + correction).

Problem: Some operators misunderstood the ground-check procedure and entered the 
radiosonde values of RH rather than the reference value (assumed 0%RH), thus, some soundings done 
during this period have RH values that are different from what they would be if the 
ground check procedure had been done correctly.

Consequence:  Because the RH corrections generally are small (averaging
about 0.5% RH) and the precision of the reported RH data during this time
period is 1% RH, some values will not be affected at all; others will be off by about 1% 
RH (still within the stated accuracy of the sensor). 
Furthermore, because entering the radiosonde value as the reference value
results in a near zero 'correction,' one may view these soundings as being
done without the ground check correction.  Also note that the dew point
value will be suspect as well.

I am attaching below a listing of the soundings that were affected during the indicated 
time period.  Users can see the magnitude of the problem and choose whether or not to apply 
an offset in RH.  Note that application of the offset to the processed RH data (in the 
netCDF file) will not have the same effect of applying the correction to the absolutely 
raw data (before processing), but the differences should be insignificant.  Also note that 
the corrections for each sounding are included in the netCDF header information.  These 
attributes are named 'humidity_correction' and 'humidity_correction_2'.  The values of RH 
indicated by the radiosonde while it is in the ground check set are in attributes 
'humidity_gc_sonde' and 'humidity_gc_sonde_2.'  There is an RH reading for each of the two RH 
sensors used in the RS92 radiosonde.

Here is the list - RH1 and RH2 are the radiosonde readings in the ground
check set.  Ref is the reference value entered by the operator.  The
correcte reference value should be 0%.  To obtain an approximation to the RH value that 
would have been recorded if the ground check had been done
properly, subtract the Ref value from the indicated RH.

 YYYYMMDD  HHMM  SerialN      RH1     RH2     Ref
 20060827  2332  B2624322    1.00    1.00    1.00
 20060828  1731  B2634078    1.00    1.00    1.00
 20060828  2332  B2624380    3.00    3.00    2.00
 20060909  2331  B2615266    1.00    1.00    1.00
 20060915  1759  B2914012    1.00    1.00    1.00
 20060919  2350  B2825128    1.00    1.00    1.00
 20060920  1800  B2825088    1.00    1.00    1.00
 20060920  2346  B2815633    1.00    1.00    1.00
 20060921  1728  B2834732    1.30    1.30    1.30
 20060921  2330  B2825042    1.50    1.50    1.50
 20060922  0527  B2825043    1.70    1.80    1.70
 20060922  1128  B2825031    1.60    1.50    1.60
 20060922  1729  B2834437    1.50    1.50    1.50
 20060922  2330  B2825040    0.40    0.50    0.50
 20060923  0529  B2834733    0.30    0.30    0.30
 20060923  1128  B2825026    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060923  1729  B2825064    0.60    0.70    0.60
 20060923  2330  B2825041    0.40    0.50    0.50
 20060924  0529  B2825039    0.30    0.30    0.30
 20060924  1729  B2825025    0.20    0.30    0.20
 20060924  2329  B2825032    0.30    0.40    0.40
 20060925  0529  B2824234    0.20    0.30    0.20

• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Humidity, relative(rh)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - Increased precision for alt, dp, pres, rh, tdry

The output precision of the following variables was increased 20060928

alt  changed from 1m to 0.1m
dp   changed from 0.1degC to 0.01degC
pres changed from 0.1 hPa to 0.01 hPa
RH   changed from 1%RH to 0.01%RH
tdry changed from .1degC to 0.01degC

Note that the increase in precision does not necessarily imply an increase in accuracy.  
Users are cautioned to continue to use their best scientific judgement when using these or 
any other data.

• alt
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)

SGP/WACR/C1 - Radar not in service.

No data collected during this period. Radar was returned to manufacturer for a 
modification which will enable calibration using a pole-mounted corner reflector.

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

• PowerAmbientLoad
• Temp_Antenna_Top
• Cloud, reflectivity, at altitude(Reflectivity)
• time_offset
• PowerHotLoad
• Temp_EIKA
• Temp_Hot
• txpower
• Temp_Chiller
• Temp_Chiller_Return
• base_time
• Temp_Antenna_Bottom
• MMCR Spectral Width(SpectralWidth)
• SignalToNoiseRatio
• Noise
• Temp_LNA
• Temp_Future
• Temp_ambient
• heights
• Temp_Computer_Enclosure
• Temp_Chiller_Supply
• PowerTransmitDriver
• Polarization
• MMCR Mean Doppler Velocity(MeanDopplerVelocity)
• Temp_Outside
• time
• lon
• Temp_modulator
• alt
• Temp_Modulator_Control
• wacr_status
• lat

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - RH Sensor failure

The differences between the two RH sensors on this sonde are unreasonably high (~20%).  As 
a result the reported RH values oscillate by this amount during the times the sensors 
are alternately heated.  After the heating stops, the reported RH comes from the sensor 
reading the higher value.  There is no way of knowing if this is the correct value.

• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Humidity, relative(rh)

SGP/MWR/C1/E14 - Freezing rain-Incorrect rain flag

Between 01/12 and 01/15 brightness temperatures show high values (Tb > 100 K) indicative 
of rain, however the wet_window flag is 0 (indicative of no rain). During that time there 
where freezing conditions with ice pellets that were not detected by the sensor. The high 
brightness temperatures may be due to melting ice on the window.

• wet_window

• wet_window

• wet_window

• wet_window

SGP/AOS/C1 - Humidifier controller failure

Watlow PID controller which controls the humidifier stopped working. This mostly affects 
calculated fits of fRH

• Total scattering coefficient at 1 um from 700 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(RedTScatCoef_1um_LRH)
• HGupstream_RH
• TSINephTSamp_HRH
• Backscattering coefficient at 10 um, from 450 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(BluBScatCoef_10um_LRH)
• RH530nm
• Backscattering coefficient at 1 um from 550 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(GrnBScatCoef_1um_LRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 1 um from 550 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(GrnTScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• TSINephRHSamp_LRH
• Total scattering coefficient at 1 um from 450 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(BluTScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 1 um from 550 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(GrnBScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 10 um from 550 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(GrnTScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 1 um from 550 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(GrnTScatCoef_1um_LRH)
• TSINephRHSamp_HRH
• Total scattering coefficient at 10 um from 450 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(BluTScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 10 um from 700 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(RedTScatCoef_10um_LRH)
• TSINephTin_LRH
• Total scattering coefficient at 10 um from 450 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(BluTScatCoef_10um_LRH)
• TSINephTSamp_LRH
• Total scattering coefficient at 10 um from 700 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(RedTScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 1 um from 450 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(BluTScatCoef_1um_LRH)
• TSINephPres_LRH
• Backscattering coefficient at 10 um from 550 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(GrnBScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 1 um, from 450 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(BluBScatCoef_1um_LRH)
• TSINephPres_HRH
• Backscattering coefficient at 1 um from 700 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(RedBScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• HGdownstream_RH
• SampRH
• Total scattering coefficient at 10 um from 550 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(GrnTScatCoef_10um_LRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 1 um from 700 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(RedBScatCoef_1um_LRH)
• Total scattering coefficient at 1 um from 700 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(RedTScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 10 um from 700 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(RedBScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 10 um from 550 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(GrnBScatCoef_10um_LRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 10 um, from 450 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(BluBScatCoef_10um_HRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 1 um, from 450 nm TSI High RH Nephelometer(BluBScatCoef_1um_HRH)
• Backscattering coefficient at 10 um from 700 nm TSI Low RH Nephelometer(RedBScatCoef_10um_LRH)
• TSINephTin_HRH

• RedTScatZero_HRH
• BluBScatZero_LRH
• BluRScatZero_HRH
• BluTScatZero_HRH
• GrnBScatSpn_HRH
• RedRScatZero_HRH
• GrnRScatZero_LRH
• RedTScatSpn_LRH
• RedTScatZero_LRH
• GrnTScatSpn_HRH
• RedBScatZero_HRH
• TSINephLV_LRH
• Line11RH
• BluRScatZero_LRH
• BluBScatSpn_HRH
• GrnTScatZero_HRH
• RedBScatZero_LRH
• RedBScatSpn_LRH
• BluTScatSpn_HRH
• GrnBScatSpn_LRH
• TSINephLC_HRH
• BluTScatZero_LRH
• TSINephLC_LRH
• GrnRScatZero_HRH
• TSINephLV_HRH
• GrnTScatZero_LRH
• BluBScatZero_HRH
• GrnTScatSpn_LRH
• RedRScatZero_LRH
• TSISensGrn_LRH
• TSISensGrn_HRH
• RedTScatSpn_HRH
• GrnBScatZero_HRH
• RedBScatSpn_HRH
• BluBScatSpn_LRH
• GrnBScatZero_LRH
• BluTScatSpn_LRH

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

SGP/MWR/C1 - Noisy data

Since 7/14 the MWR is experiencing intermittent periods of increased noise. The cause for 
this is under investigation.

• liqtip
• vaptip
• tbsky23tip
• tbsky31tip
• tipsky23
• bbn23
• tipsky31
• bbn31
• bb23
• bb31

• bbn23
• bb23
• sky23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky31
• bb31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31

SGP/AOS/C1 - CPC failure

The Condensation Particle Counter stopped recording counts. Upon inspection the tech found 
that water had condensed in the reservoir. The CPC was shipped back to the mentor for 
repair and a replacement CPC from NOAA was sent to the site.

The replacement Condensation Particle Counter stopped measuring particle counts and was 
removed and returned to NOAA. The thermoelectric cooler in the device had stopped working. 
The ARM CPC that had previously been sent back to NOAA for repair was fixed and returned 
to SGP.

• Condensation Nuclei Concentration Number(N_CPC_1)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: Radiometer reinstalled- Please reprocess

After the radiometer was reinstalled it had to update the calibration coefficients.
Data will be reprocessed

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 31tbsky
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23tbsky
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)

• tc23
• liqtip
• tbsky23tip
• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd31
• tc31
• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23

• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• tnd31

SGP/MWR/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• bbn23
• tkxc
• wet_window
• lon
• tnd_nom31
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tc31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• lat
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• time_offset
• bb31
• bbn31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkair
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• IR Brightness Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd31
• tknd
• alt

SGP/AOS/C1/ - Pump failure

The ratio of CCN to CN started to noticeably decline around 20070901. After a site visit 
on 20071023, the mentor found a problem with the instrument flows and diaphragm pump.  The 
instrument was return to Boulder, CO for repair. The diaphragm pump was repaired and the 
flows re-calibrated. The instrument was returned to service 20071113. 

The CCN data show qualitative changes in the number of droplets formed with changes in 
supersaturation. Because the pump was not working properly and the flows were likely 
incorrect, the numbers are not quantitative.

• AOS number concentration of CCN(N_CCN)
• CCN_P_sample
• CCN_Q_sheath
• CCN_Temperature_Gradient
• CCN_Q_sample
• CCN_ss_set
• CCN_ss_calc
• AOS CCN number concentration by bin(N_CCN_dN)
• AOS bin number of lowest channel of OPC include in summation of N_CCN(N_CCN_bin_number)

SGP/WACR/C1 - Contamination with AMF WACR data

During this period we were doing an inter-comparison with the AMF WACR.  As a result, the 
AMF WACR contaminated the SGP WACR data.

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

• PowerAmbientLoad
• Temp_Antenna_Top
• Cloud, reflectivity, at altitude(Reflectivity)
• time_offset
• PowerHotLoad
• Temp_EIKA
• Temp_Hot
• txpower
• Temp_Chiller
• Temp_Chiller_Return
• base_time
• Temp_Antenna_Bottom
• MMCR Spectral Width(SpectralWidth)
• SignalToNoiseRatio
• Noise
• Temp_LNA
• Temp_Future
• Temp_ambient
• heights
• Temp_Computer_Enclosure
• Temp_Chiller_Supply
• PowerTransmitDriver
• Polarization
• MMCR Mean Doppler Velocity(MeanDopplerVelocity)
• Temp_Outside
• time
• lon
• Temp_modulator
• alt
• Temp_Modulator_Control
• wacr_status
• lat

• AVHRR satellite images for Darwin from BOM (RAW)(raw)

SGP/SONDE/C1 - Suspect RH profile from 150-350 m above ground level

Several radiosondes were noticed to have a very stark dry layer between 150 m and 350 m, 
where the RH dropped from approximately 60-80% (which I would take as close to the ambient 
conditions) to less than 2%.  The character of these dropouts look like instrument 
issues, as it only a handful of radiosondes that appear to be affected.  The quicklook images 
from the Raman lidar does not show any very dry layers, thus supporting the hypothesis 
that the RH measurements from these radiosondes (at least in this small ~200 m level) are 
in error.  I should note that the temperature profiles look normal.

• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Humidity, relative(rh)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Increased noise in 31.4 GHz channel

The 31.4 GHz channel has been showing an increased level of noise which results in 
increased noise in the LWP retrievals. The instrument is tipping and all other parameters seem 
to be in the range. The elevate noise started in May, but it seems to have become slightly 
worse after summer. After November the noise level seems to have gone back to normal.

• liqtip
• tbsky31tip

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/AOS/C1 - Pump failure and subsequent failure of humidified nephelometer

The pump for the aerosol sampling system failed over a weekend. The humidifier continued 
to operate and soaked the inside of both the reference and wet nephelometers. The 
nephelometers were returned for repair. A replacement neph was installed on 2008-August 5 @1858 
UTC. The nephs were repaired and returned to SGP in December 2008. The humidification 
system was rebuilt and installed on 2009 January 6 at 1912 UTC.

• T_NephInlet_Dry
• RH_preHG
• Absorption Coefficient Green, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 10 um size cut(Ba_G_Dry_10um_PSAP3W_1)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph
  nephelometer red channe(Bbs_R_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer green
  channel, 10 um particle d(Bs_G_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• T_postHG
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer green channel,(Bbs_G_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Absorption Coefficient Red, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 10 um size cut(Ba_R_Dry_10um_PSAP3W_1)
• Absorption Coefficient Blue, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 1 um size cut(Ba_B_Dry_1um_PSAP3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer red
  channel, 1 um particle diam(Bs_R_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Absorption Coefficient Green, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 1 um size cut(Ba_G_Dry_1um_PSAP3W_1)
• RH_postHG
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph
  nephelometer green chan(Bbs_G_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• T_NephInlet_Wet
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, reference nephelometer blue channel,
  10 um particle diam(Bs_B_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, reference
  nephelometer blue channel, 10(Bbs_B_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• Absorption Coefficient Red, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 10 um size cut(Ba_R_Dry_1um_PSAP3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph nephelometer red
  channel, 1 um particle(Bs_R_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol light absorption coefficient, green channel, 1 um particle diameter(Ba_G_Dry_1um_PSAP1W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer red
  channel, 10 um particle dia(Bs_R_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• RH_NephInlet_Dry
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, reference nephelometer green
  channel, 10 um particle dia(Bs_G_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer blue channel, 1(Bbs_B_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph
  nephelometer blue chann(Bbs_B_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, reference
  nephelometer red channel, 10 u(Bbs_R_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph nephelometer blue
  channel, 1 um particl(Bs_B_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer blue
  channel, 10 um particle di(Bs_B_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• T_preHG
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer red channel, 1(Bbs_R_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer blue channel, 1(Bbs_B_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer green channel,(Bbs_G_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• RH_NephInlet_Wet
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, reference nephelometer red channel,
  10 um particle diame(Bs_R_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• Absorption Coefficient Blue, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 10 um size cut(Ba_B_Dry_10um_PSAP3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph nephelometer green
  channel, 1 um partic(Bs_G_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer green
  channel, 1 um particle di(Bs_G_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Aerosol light absorption coefficient, green channel, 10 um particle diameter(Ba_G_Dry_10um_PSAP1W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer blue
  channel, 1 um particle dia(Bs_B_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer red channel, 10(Bbs_R_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, reference
  nephelometer green channel, 10(Bbs_G_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)

SGP/WACR/C1 -  Reflectivity and Height Offsets

The instrument vendor has informed us of a range (height) offset of 13 m and has provided 
an updated reflectivity calibration.  All values reported for 'Reflectivity' are 
approximately 3 dB too low.   In addition, the Reflectivity in the first and fourth range gates 
(starting from the surface) need to be further corrected by an additional 2.7 and -0.9 dB, 
respectively. The 'height' field values are 13.33 m too low.  The data will be 
reprocessed to correct these problems.

Update:  The sgpwacrC1.b1 data were reprocessed to correct the height and reflectivity 
offsets.  The corrected data were archived 20100910-20100915.

• Cloud, reflectivity, at altitude(Reflectivity)
• heights

• Cloud, reflectivity, at altitude(Reflectivity)
• heights

• Cloud, reflectivity, at altitude(Reflectivity)
• heights

SGP/AOS/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• T_NephInlet_Dry
• base_time
• RH_postHG
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, reference
  nephelometer blue channel, 10(Bbs_B_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• T_NephVol_Wet
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer red
  channel, 10 um particle dia(Bs_R_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, reference nephelometer green
  channel, 10 um particle dia(Bs_G_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• lat
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph nephelometer blue
  channel, 1 um particl(Bs_B_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer blue
  channel, 10 um particle di(Bs_B_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer blue channel, 1(Bbs_B_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer green channel,(Bbs_G_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• RH_MainInlet
• Aerosol light absorption coefficient, green channel, 10 um particle diameter(Ba_G_Dry_10um_PSAP1W_1)
• lon
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, reference
  nephelometer green channel, 10(Bbs_G_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• Ambient air relative humidity(RH_Ambient)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer green
  channel, 10 um particle d(Bs_G_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• T_NephInlet_Wet
• Ambient pressure(P_Ambient)
• Aerosol light absorption coefficient, green channel, 1 um particle diameter(Ba_G_Dry_1um_PSAP1W_1)
• RH_NephVol_Wet
• Particle Concentration Number from summation of Optical Particle Counter size
  bins(N_OPC_1)
• alt
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, reference
  nephelometer red channel, 10 u(Bbs_R_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph
  nephelometer blue chann(Bbs_B_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• P_Neph_Wet
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, reference nephelometer red channel,
  10 um particle diame(Bs_R_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• P_Neph_Dry
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer blue
  channel, 1 um particle dia(Bs_B_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Absorption Coefficient Green, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 10 um size cut(Ba_G_Dry_10um_PSAP3W_1)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph
  nephelometer red channe(Bbs_R_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer green channel,(Bbs_G_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Wind speed(WindSpeed)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer blue channel, 1(Bbs_B_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• Condensation Nuclei Concentration Number(N_CPC_1)
• T_MainInlet
• T_preHG
• time_offset
• Absorption Coefficient Blue, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 10 um size cut(Ba_B_Dry_10um_PSAP3W_1)
• flags_NOAA
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer red channel, 10(Bbs_R_Wet_10um_Neph3W_2)
• RH_preHG
• T_postHG
• Absorption Coefficient Red, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 10 um size cut(Ba_R_Dry_10um_PSAP3W_1)
• Absorption Coefficient Blue, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 1 um size cut(Ba_B_Dry_1um_PSAP3W_1)
• RH_NephVol_Dry
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer red
  channel, 1 um particle diam(Bs_R_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Absorption Coefficient Green, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 1 um size cut(Ba_G_Dry_1um_PSAP3W_1)
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph
  nephelometer green chan(Bbs_G_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, reference nephelometer blue channel,
  10 um particle diam(Bs_B_Dry_10um_Neph3W_1)
• Absorption Coefficient Red, corrected for flow and sample area, 3 wavelength
  PSAP, 10 um size cut(Ba_R_Dry_1um_PSAP3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph nephelometer red
  channel, 1 um particle(Bs_R_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Wind direction, relative to true North(WindDirection)
• RH_NephInlet_Dry
• T_NephVol_Dry
• Aerosol backwards-hemispheric light scattering coefficient, Humidograph
  nephelometer red channel, 1(Bbs_R_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• RH_NephInlet_Wet
• time
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Ref. Humidograph nephelometer green
  channel, 1 um partic(Bs_G_Dry_1um_Neph3W_1)
• Aerosol total light scattering coefficient, Humidograph nephelometer green
  channel, 1 um particle di(Bs_G_Wet_1um_Neph3W_2)
• Ambient air temperature(T_Ambient)

• lat
• time
• lon
• base_time
• alt
• TrR
• TrG
• TrB
• time_offset

• lat
• CCN_laser_current
• lon
• CCN_temp_unstable_flag
• time
• CCN_ss_set
• AOS CCN number concentration by bin(N_CCN_dN)
• CCN_T_sample
• alt
• CCN_Q_sheath
• Size of upper limit of each CCN bin(CCN_UpperSizeLimit)
• CCN_T_inlet
• CCN_T_nafion
• CCN_Temperature_Gradient
• base_time
• CCN_T_TEC3
• CCN_T_TEC1
• CCN_T_TEC2
• CCN_P_sample
• CCN_dT_TEC3_TEC1_StdDev
• CCN_ss_calc
• CCN_FirstStageMonitorVoltage
• AOS bin number of lowest channel of OPC include in summation of N_CCN(N_CCN_bin_number)
• AOS number concentration of CCN(N_CCN)
• CCN_T_OPC
• time_offset
• CCN_Q_sample
• CCN_ProportionalValveVoltage