TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Skewed wind direction 1 data

Wind direction 1 data is incorrect. 
Manus SMET wind direction for Wind-1 (upper unit) was apparently skewed
from its original position as a result of checking direction calibration. 

As near as we can tell the position of the sensor was rotated clockwise
Somewhere in the range of 45-90 degrees, most likely in steps 22.5 degrees.

Data comparison performed on 3-2-00, using a small amount of data from 
this instrument.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Wind Direction alignment method

During RESET10 we discovered a problem with wind direction from WIND1 (upper
anemometer).  During RESET8, WIND1 was corrected by rotating the alignment
ring instead of the anemometer.  This resulted in a better agreement between
the 2 anemometers, but is not the correct way to align an anemometer. The
alignment ring was readjusted for true north and the anemometer reset in
the proper slot (the original problem).

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Incorrect calibration for ARCS1 Wind speed

On 23 OCT 99, during Reset 8, an incorrect slope of was entered for the 
upper, windspeed1, wind speed sensor resulting in a 1% overestimate of
the wind speed.  The correct calibration was entered on 1 APR 2000 during
RESET 10.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• wind1_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• wind1_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/SMET/C1 - Periodic spikes in temperature and water vapor pressure

Beginning on 980212 (day #43) spikes began to occur in the surface
temperature and water vapor pressure.  These spikes occur approximately
once per hour (the spacing is very regular but occasionally an hour
is skipped).  In the one-minute averaged data, the temperature spike
lasts for only one minute and dips approximately 4-5 C below the actual
temperature.  The one-minute standard deviation is more dramatic, rising
from about 0.1 to about 35.  The one minute temperature minimum is the
most easily identifiable, each hour when the spike occurs, the minimum
is -245.84.  The vapor pressure mean jumps from about 30 to over 50 and
the standard deviation jumps from less than 1 to more than 200.  This
problem was fixed by the RESET team on 980501.

• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• vappress_sd
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• temp_sd
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

• temp_sd
• vappress_sd
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Elevated relative humidity

The relative humidity has been exceeding 100% with unusual regularity.
The most dramatic case occured on December 31 when the RH exceeded 100%
for 18 hours and exceeded 103.5% for 6 hours with a maximum value of
103.8%.  A PIF was submitted to propose changing this sensor. This change
occurred on August 12, 1999.

• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• relh_sd
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)

• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• relh_sd

TWP/SMET/C1 - Wind speed calibration errors

Wind speed calibration factors were reversed between wind speed sensors 1 (upper) and 2 
(lower). Results in less than 1% error, but correction factors may be used.

To correct wind speed #1 (upper) add 0.03 m/s.
To correct wind speed #2 (lower) subtract 0.03 m/s.

• lo_spd_max
• up_spd_max
• lo_spd_vec_avg
• lo_spd_min
• up_spd_sd
• up_spd_arith_avg
• up_spd_min
• lo_spd_arith_avg
• up_spd_vec_avg
• lo_spd_sd

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• wind1_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• wind2_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)

TWP/SMET/C1 - precip, wind, temperature

On 10/23/01 from 4:45 to 6:45 precipitation, wind, and temperature measurements were 
directly affected by RESET14 visit activities.

• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• wind1_spd_sd
• wind1_dir_sd
• precip_sd
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• temp_sd
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• wind2_dir_sd
• wind2_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• temp_sd
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• wind2_spd_sd
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• precip_sd
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• wind1_spd_sd
• wind2_dir_sd
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Sensor replacement

On 10/24/01 from 00:40 to 01:00 the T/RH probe was being replaced.

• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• temp_sd
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• relh_sd

• temp_sd
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• relh_sd
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

TWP/SMET/C1/C2 - Switch to new Data Header Formats not timely

On April 1, 2001 at 00:00:00 new data header with consistent variable naming conventions, 
etc were to be used for all sites, all data streams.  At the TWP sites the time of the 
movement to the new convention did not occur precisely at 00:00:00.  The following data 
files contain between 40 seconds and 20 minutes of data from 4/1/02 in the old format.  The 
delayed format change did not affect data quality in any way.

twpsmet60sC1.a1.20010401.000001.cdf
twpsmet60sC1.b1.20010401.000001.cdf
twpsmet60sC2.a1.20010401.000000.cdf
twpsmet60sC2.b1.20010401.000000.cdf

• lo_dir_vec_avg
• lo_spd_vec_avg
• up_spd_min
• up_spd_max
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• relh_sd
• temp_sd
• internal_voltage
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• up_spd_vec_avg
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• base_time
• logger_temp
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• lon
• up_dir_vec_avg
• precip_sd
• lo_dir_sd
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• vappress_sd
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• tbrg_count_total
• up_spd_arith_avg
• lat
• time_offset
• lo_spd_min
• tbrg_total
• lo_spd_max
• lo_spd_arith_avg
• up_dir_sd
• lo_spd_sd
• alt
• time
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• up_spd_sd

• up_dir_sd
• up_spd_max
• logger_temp
• time_offset
• up_spd_min
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• lo_spd_sd
• up_spd_sd
• tbrg_count_total
• lon
• lo_dir_vec_avg
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• relh_sd
• internal_voltage
• base_time
• lo_spd_min
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• precip_sd
• tbrg_total
• temp_sd
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• up_spd_vec_avg
• up_dir_vec_avg
• lat
• lo_spd_max
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• up_spd_arith_avg
• lo_spd_arith_avg
• lo_spd_vec_avg
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• time
• alt
• vappress_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• lo_dir_sd

• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• lat
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• vappress_sd
• relh_sd
• time_offset
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• bit_data
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• temp_sd
• internal_voltage
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• alt
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• external_voltage
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• wind1_spd_sd
• wind2_dir_sd
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• lon
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• precip_sd
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• logger_temp
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• wind2_spd_sd
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• base_time
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• wind1_dir_sd

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• wind2_spd_sd
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• temp_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• precip_sd
• time_offset
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• internal_voltage
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• vappress_sd
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• lat
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• alt
• bit_data
• wind1_spd_sd
• logger_temp
• wind1_dir_sd
• base_time
• relh_sd
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• lon
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• wind2_dir_sd
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• external_voltage

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

(From Bill Clements) We have been using 6m MSL as the station
elevation of Momote (Manus).  This was based on information
posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather Service
Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation
for Momote is 4m MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL.
The sonde launching station is at 5m MSL.

• alt

• alt

• alt

• alt

• alt

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Miscalibrated windspeed2 data

A replacement anemometer (WSP2) was installed but the new anemometer calibration 
coefficients were not put into the logger. The multiplication factor was 0.09708 when it should 
have been 0.09763 (very small difference)the offset was 0.36 when it should have been 0.3 
(a difference 0.06 m/s).

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Lower Wind Speed incorrect

The lower wind speed sensor (sensor #2) was reporting values 10 times above the actual 
value.  During an update to the logger configuration file the calibration multiplier was 
incorrectly entered.  The multiplier inserted was .97630 when it should have been .09763.  
This caused the readings from this sensor to be incorrect.

• lo_spd_max
• lo_spd_vec_avg
• lo_spd_arith_avg
• lo_spd_min
• lo_spd_sd

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• wind2_spd_sd
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Tower Lowered for Cal Activities

Tower lowered for instrument calibration

• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• relh_sd
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• vappress_sd
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• wind1_spd_sd
• wind1_dir_sd
• precip_sd
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• temp_sd
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• wind2_dir_sd
• wind2_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/SMET/C1 - Poor Performing Sensor

On 4/23/2004 condensation was found inside the target area of the ORG lens. A spare was 
sent and installed but did not solve the problem of high background voltage values causing 
rainrate values to be recorded during no rainfall.  Values range anywhere from 0.06 to 
0.12 mm/hr.  

A new Optical Rain Gage was installed on 01/19/2005 @ 13:30 GMT alleviating the high 
background voltage values that lead to consistent rainfall rates of around 0.11 to 0.15 mm/hr 
on a consistent basis.  

The formula used to calculate rainfall rates from the new Optical Rain Gage is:  RR 
(mm/hr) = 25(V^1.87) - 0.15.

Older model formula = 20(V^2) - 0.05

The two formulas result in comparable data.

• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• precip_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

TWP/SMET/C1 - RESET14 activities

RESET14 activities may have affected data in subtle ways during this
period.

• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• wind1_dir_sd
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• wind2_dir_sd
• wind2_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• relh_sd
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• vappress_sd
• wind1_spd_sd
• precip_sd
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• temp_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• precip_sd
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• vappress_sd
• relh_sd
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• temp_sd
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• wind2_spd_sd
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• wind1_spd_sd
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• wind2_dir_sd
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Incorrect rainrate equation used

There are two different Optical Raingages in use at the TWP sites.  The incorrect equation 
was used at this site.  The incorrect equation is (25*(V^1.87)) - 0.15.
The correct equation is (20*(V^2)) - 0.05.  The correct equation was installed.

• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• precip_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Negative rainfall rates

Due to limitations of the Zeno dataloggers all voltage measurements
from the optical rain gauge (ORG) were converted to rainfall rates. 
This resulted in negative values for rain rates.  Any value below 0.10 mm/hr should be 
considered to be 0 mm/hr.  New dataloggers 
alleviated this problem.  New loggers were installed 03/09/2004 @ 2243 GMT.

• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• precip_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Upper wind sensor failure

The upper wind speed sensor was binding at low wind speeds.  Comparison to the lower wind 
sensor showed that the upper sensor flat-lines for long periods of time.  The upper 
anemometer was replaced.

• up_dir_sd
• up_spd_max
• up_spd_sd
• up_dir_vec_avg
• up_spd_arith_avg
• up_spd_vec_avg
• up_spd_min

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Barometric pressure units change

Barometric pressure data during this time period is reported in hPa.  After this time, the 
data have been converted to kPa to standardize the measurement units among ARM sites and 
to conform to accepted standard units determined by the scientific community.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C1 SMET suite of instruments on 20061017. 
 Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC1.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 10/17, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros 
are not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19961009-20060926 and data from 
19961009-20061017 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• base_time

TWP/SMET/C1 - Upper winds failure

The upper wind instrument was inoperative resulting in constant wind direction and speed.  
A failed cable was replaced.

• up_dir_sd
• up_spd_max
• up_spd_sd
• up_dir_vec_avg
• up_spd_arith_avg
• up_spd_vec_avg
• up_spd_min

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: ORG Data has very small rainrate values

The ORG data is collected via analog signal and not digital.  Therefore, we continuously 
collect data even when no rain is occurring.  We also capture small events such as leaves, 
large bugs, dust, etc blowing through the measurement path.  Because this discrete event 
occurs quickly the value is usually captured for 1 or 2 seconds.  This value is then 
averaged to the minute producing rainrate on the order of .009 mm/hr or less.  These values 
are not indicative of rain and should be removed from the record or summing over long 
periods can bias the climate record.  We are reprocessing the data to remove these small 
values and are adjusting the collection program to remove them before ingest.

• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• precip_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

TWP/SMET/C1 - ORG Precip Data Incorrect

Moisture intrusion into the sensor body allowed condensation on the lens of the ORG.  
Continual and long-term precipitation was reported during this time.

• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• precip_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• up_dir_sd
• lo_spd_vec_avg
• up_spd_max
• lo_dir_vec_avg
• logger_temp
• up_dir_vec_avg
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• time_offset
• up_spd_min
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• time
• relh_sd
• internal_voltage
• lat
• alt
• lo_spd_sd
• base_time
• lo_spd_max
• lo_spd_min
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• vappress_sd
• up_spd_sd
• tbrg_count_total
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• up_spd_arith_avg
• precip_sd
• tbrg_total
• temp_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• lo_spd_arith_avg
• lon
• lo_dir_sd
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• up_spd_vec_avg

TWP/SMET/C1 - Wind Speed data contain offset due to induced voltage

The marine model of the RM Young wind sensor needs twisted pair shielded cable.  The 
manufacturer did not originally supply the pigtail with twisted pair shielded cable.  Use of 
twisted pair shielded cable for the rest of the cable run to the logger was also not 
specified.  This caused an induced voltage in the wind speed line from the wind direction 
excitation.  The induced voltage varied from sensor to sensor and probably changed anytime 
the cable was replaced or parts of the wind sensor were repaired or replaced. The induced 
voltage has been seen to vary from 0.15 m/s to as much as 1.08 m/s.

• lo_spd_max
• lo_spd_vec_avg
• up_spd_max
• lo_spd_arith_avg
• lo_spd_min
• up_spd_sd
• up_spd_arith_avg
• up_spd_vec_avg
• up_spd_min
• lo_spd_sd

TWP/SMET/C1 - Optical Rain Gage Inoperative

Beginning on 02/07/2009, the trending between the TBRG and ORG began to look poor, one 
recording precip when the other was not and vice versa.  After a while the ORG quit 
registering any precip at all.  ORG was replaced.

• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• precip_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Barometric pressure data scaled incorrectly

The barometer data was scaled incorrectly when a new program was loaded into the 
datalogger.  The pressure data was reported as mb (hPa) instead of the standard kPa.  So, in 
essence the value was a factor of ten to large.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Missing RH, Barometer, and ORG data

Atmos_pressure data suddenly went missing on 03/02 at 07:34 UTC and consequently, the 
relative humidity data flatlined. 

Furthermore, after a sudden precipitation event when the max precip rate flag was tripped 
the TBRG total has not agreed with the comparison ORG or the precip rate plot. 

A loose wire connection was fixed 3/22 restoring RH and barometer data.  A damaged cable 
was repaired 5/11 restoring ORG data.

• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• relh_sd
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• precip_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Aux (lower) wind sensor failed

The lower wind direction sensor on the C1 site was flatlining at 270 degrees throughout 
most of the daylight hours of the day. During the night the sensor appeared to be working 
fine.

• lo_spd_max
• lo_spd_vec_avg
• lo_spd_arith_avg
• lo_dir_vec_avg
• lo_spd_min
• lo_dir_sd
• lo_spd_sd

TWP/SMET/C1 - Surface pressure spike

A spike occured in the surface pressure.  The reported pressure rose as
high as 1300 hPa but returned to normal levels after 15 minutes.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

Calibration interruption at TWP Nauru

Occasional calibration interuption occured while calibration SMET instruments

• logger_temp
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• time_offset
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• external_voltage
• lat
• wind1_dir_sd
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• wind2_spd_sd
• wind2_dir_sd
• bit_data
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• lon
• filename
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• relh_sd
• internal_voltage
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• alt
• base_time
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• vappress_sd
• wind1_spd_sd
• precip_sd
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• temp_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• lon
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• lat
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• precip_sd
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• vappress_sd
• relh_sd
• time_offset
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• logger_temp
• bit_data
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• temp_sd
• internal_voltage
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• wind2_spd_sd
• alt
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• filename
• base_time
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• external_voltage
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• wind1_spd_sd
• wind2_dir_sd
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• wind1_dir_sd
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)