PYE/MET/M1 - Data questionable

During the listed time period, the AMF was in the beginning phase of deployment.  Data 
during this time may not be representative and should be used with caution.

• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• up_wind_dir_sd
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(lo_wind_spd_arith_avg)
• precip_sd
• relh_sd
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min minimum(lo_wind_spd_min)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• lo_wind_spd_sd
• up_wind_spd_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min vector avg(lo_wind_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind direction, vector, lower, 1-min avg(lo_wind_dir_vec_avg)
• temp_sd
• Wind speed, upper, 1-min vector avg(up_wind_spd_vec_avg)
• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind speed, upper, 1-min avg(up_wind_spd_arith_avg)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• alt
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min maximum(lo_wind_spd_max)
• internal_voltage
• Wind direction, vector, upper, 1-min avg(up_wind_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind speed, upper, 1-min maximum(up_wind_spd_max)
• Temperature mean(temp_mean)
• lo_wind_dir_sd
• logger_temp
• vappress_sd
• Wind speed, upper, 1-min minimum(up_wind_spd_min)

NIM/MET/M1 - Software problem

Intermittent Failure of Logger to read data from the Barometer.

• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)

NIM/MET/M1  - Optical Rain Gauge Failure

The optical rain gauge on the met system did not record precipitation during this time 
period.

• precip_rate_min
• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_sd

FKB/MET/M1 - Optical Rain Gauge Data Incorrect

The Optical Raingauge (ORG) data was incorrect during the listed times.  Ice/frost was 
forming on the lenses causing the ORG to believe there was precipitation occurring.

• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_min
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_sd

FKB/MET/M1 - ORG Data incorrect during calibration

The ORG data was incorrect during calibration checks.  The check mimics a precipiation 
event so the precip amounts that were collected were not actually measured.

• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_min
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_sd

FKB/MET/M1 - Optical Rain Gauge Data Incorrect

Precipitation was being reported on days with no rain.  Problems with the grounding and 
the orientation of the receiver facing south (sunlight in the optics) caused erroneous 
readings.

• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_min
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_sd
• org_carrier_mean

FKB/MET/M1 - Optical Rain Gage Reporting Precip Constantly

During the time period listed the ORG reported precip consistently.  Reason unknown as 
deployment ended before resolution of problem.

• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_min
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_sd

NIM/MET/M1 - ORG Data Incorrect

The ORG measured around 9cm of rain in a short period while other co-located sensors 
measured no precip.

Use the Present Weather Detector data instead or set the ORG rainfall to 0mm during this 
time period.

• precip_rate_min
• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_sd

NIM/MET/M1 - ORG Data Underestimated Precipitation

The ORG underestimated precipitation by about 38% during the entire NIM deployment.  No 
troubleshooting technique or replacement of gage was successful in correcting the problem.

• precip_rate_min
• org_carrier_mean
• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_sd

FKB/MET/M1 - Reprocess: ORG Data has very small rainrate values

The ORG data is collected via analog signal and not digital.  Therefore, we
   continuously collect data even when no rain is occurring.  We also capture
   small events such as leaves, large bugs, dust, etc blowing through the
   measurement path.  Because this discrete event occurs quickly the value is
   usually captured for 1 or 2 seconds.  This value is then averaged to the
   minute producing rainrate on the order of .009 mm/hr or less.  These values
   are not indicative of rain and should be removed from the record or summing
   over long periods can bias the climate record.  We are reprocessing the data
   to remove these small values and are adjusting the collection program to
   remove them before ingest.

• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_min
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_sd

NIM/MET/M1 - Reprocess: ORG Data has very small rainrate values

The ORG data is collected via analog signal and not digital.  Therefore, we
   continuously collect data even when no rain is occurring.  We also capture
   small events such as leaves, large bugs, dust, etc blowing through the
   measurement path.  Because this discrete event occurs quickly the value is
   usually captured for 1 or 2 seconds.  This value is then averaged to the
   minute producing rainrate on the order of .009 mm/hr or less.  These values
   are not indicative of rain and should be removed from the record or summing
   over long periods can bias the climate record.  We are reprocessing the data
   to remove these small values and are adjusting the collection program to
   remove them before ingest.

• precip_rate_min
• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_sd

PYE/SMET/M1 - Reprocess: ORG Data has very small rainrate values

The ORG data is collected via analog signal and not digital.  Therefore, we
   continuously collect data even when no rain is occurring.  We also capture
   small events such as leaves, large bugs, dust, etc blowing through the
   measurement path.  Because this discrete event occurs quickly the value is
   usually captured for 1 or 2 seconds.  This value is then averaged to the
   minute producing rainrate on the order of .009 mm/hr or less.  These values
   are not indicative of rain and should be removed from the record or summing
   over long periods can bias the climate record.  We are reprocessing the data
   to remove these small values and are adjusting the collection program to
   remove them before ingest.

• precip_sd
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)

PYE/SMET/M1 - Wind Speed data contain offset due to induced voltage

The marine model of the RM Young wind sensor needs twisted pair shielded cable.  The 
manufacturer did not originally supply the pigtail with twisted pair shielded cable.  Use of 
twisted pair shielded cable for the rest of the cable run to the logger was also not 
specified.  This caused an induced voltage in the wind speed line from the wind direction 
excitation.  The induced voltage varied from sensor to sensor and probably changed anytime 
the cable was replaced or parts of the wind sensor were repaired or replaced. The induced 
voltage has been seen to vary from 0.15 m/s to as much as 1.08 m/s.

• Wind speed, upper, 1-min maximum(up_wind_spd_max)
• Wind speed, upper, 1-min vector avg(up_wind_spd_vec_avg)
• lo_wind_spd_sd
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(lo_wind_spd_arith_avg)
• up_wind_spd_sd
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min vector avg(lo_wind_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min minimum(lo_wind_spd_min)
• Wind speed, upper, 1-min avg(up_wind_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min maximum(lo_wind_spd_max)
• Wind speed, upper, 1-min minimum(up_wind_spd_min)

NIM/MET/M1 - Wind Speed data contain offset due to induced voltage

The marine model of the RM Young wind sensor needs twisted pair shielded cable.  The 
manufacturer did not originally supply the pigtail with twisted pair shielded cable.  Use of 
twisted pair shielded cable for the rest of the cable run to the logger was also not 
specified.  This caused an induced voltage in the wind speed line from the wind direction 
excitation.  The induced voltage varied from sensor to sensor and probably changed anytime 
the cable was replaced or parts of the wind sensor were repaired or replaced. The induced 
voltage has been seen to vary from 0.15 m/s to as much as 1.08 m/s.

• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(wind_spd_arith_avg)
• Vector-averaged Wind Speed(wind_spd_vec_avg)
• wind_spd_arith_min
• wind_spd_arith_max
• wind_spd_arith_sd

HFE/MET/M1 -  Wind Speed data contain offset due to induced voltage

The marine model of the RM Young wind sensor needs twisted pair shielded cable.  The 
manufacturer did not originally supply the pigtail with twisted pair shielded cable.  Use of 
twisted pair shielded cable for the rest of the cable run to the logger was also not 
specified.  This caused an induced voltage in the wind speed line from the wind direction 
excitation.  The induced voltage varied from sensor to sensor and probably changed anytime 
the cable was replaced or parts of the wind sensor were repaired or replaced. The induced 
voltage has been seen to vary from 0.15 m/s to as much as 1.08 m/s.

• wind_spd_arith_max
• Vector-averaged Wind Speed(wind_spd_vec_avg)
• wind_spd_arith_min
• wind_spd_arith_sd
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(wind_spd_arith_avg)

FKB/MET/M1 - Wind Speed data contain offset due to induced voltage

The marine model of the RM Young wind sensor needs twisted pair shielded cable.  The 
manufacturer did not originally supply the pigtail with twisted pair shielded cable.  Use of 
twisted pair shielded cable for the rest of the cable run to the logger was also not 
specified.  This caused an induced voltage in the wind speed line from the wind direction 
excitation.  The induced voltage varied from sensor to sensor and probably changed anytime 
the cable was replaced or parts of the wind sensor were repaired or replaced. The induced 
voltage has been seen to vary from 0.15 m/s to as much as 1.08 m/s.

• wind_spd_arith_min
• wind_spd_arith_sd
• wind_spd_arith_max
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(wind_spd_arith_avg)
• Vector-averaged Wind Speed(wind_spd_vec_avg)

HFE/MET/M1 - Intermittent barometer failure

Intermittent barometer failure occurred throughout the deployment.  We were unable to 
pinpoint the cause of the failure.  Typically one or two minutes of missing data occurred 
every few days.

Since pressure data is typically invariant over 1 minute, linear interpolation should be 
fine to fill in missing data.

• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)

HFE/MET/M1 - Intermittent PWD data

The Present Weather Detector had intermittent missing values throughout this deployment.  
Missing values occurred almost everyday, usually just one or two minutes per day.

• pwd_cumul_snow
• Average 10 min visibility(pwd_avg_vis_10_min)
• pwd_pw_code_15_min
• pwd_id
• pwd_err_code
• Average 1 min visibility(pwd_avg_vis_1_min)
• pwd_pw_code_1_hr
• pwd_avg_H2O_int_1_min
• pwd_pw_code_inst
• pwd_cumul_water

HFE/MET/M1 - ORG Measuring Ice Crystals or Fog

The ORG was measuring consistent values for long periods of time.  Typically this is 
indicative of fog, ice crystals in the air or poor performance of the lens heaters.

• precip_rate_sd
• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_min

HFE/MET/M1 - Induced voltage on wind speed sensor cable

The cable for the wind monitor is not a twisted pair shielded cable.  This caused an 
induced voltage on the wind sensor wires from the wind direction measurement excitation 
voltage.  A small offset is added into the wind speeds.  This value varies.  Most frequently 
the values of 0.49, 0.588 and 0.686 m/s were added into the wind speed.  On 11/27/2008 the 
value jumped to 0.98 m/s for most of the day.

• wind_spd_arith_max
• Vector-averaged Wind Speed(wind_spd_vec_avg)
• wind_spd_arith_min
• wind_spd_arith_sd
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(wind_spd_arith_avg)

GRW/MET/M1 - Tower lowered during installation

Data was collected during set up and installation.  Any data collected is suspect due to 
the tower being lowered and calibration checks occurring.  The data should be viewed 
critically before being used.

• pwd_avg_H2O_int_1_min
• org_carrier_mean
• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• pwd_pw_code_15_min
• pwd_pw_code_inst
• wind_spd_arith_sd
• pwd_cumul_water
• Temperature mean(temp_mean)
• pwd_cumul_snow
• Average 1 min visibility(pwd_avg_vis_1_min)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Vector-averaged Wind Speed(wind_spd_vec_avg)
• precip_rate_max
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(wind_spd_arith_avg)
• pwd_err_code
• relh_sd
• logger_voltage
• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)
• temp_sd
• wind_dir_sd
• precip_rate_sd
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• pwd_id
• wind_spd_arith_min
• logger_temp
• precip_rate_min
• wind_spd_arith_max
• pwd_pw_code_1_hr
• vappress_sd
• Vector-averaged Wind Direction(wind_dir_vec_avg)
• Average 10 min visibility(pwd_avg_vis_10_min)

GRW/MET/M1 - Temperature/RH Aspirator Failure

The aspirator fan on the solar shield failed causing incorrect readings on the temp, RH 
and calculated variables.

• Temperature mean(temp_mean)
• relh_sd
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• vappress_sd
• temp_sd

NIM/MET/M1 - Present Weather Detector Cumulative Precipitation in Error

The Present weather detector is a serial sensor.  The MET system datalogger reads in the 
data from this sensor.  During the time in question serial comms problems were causing the 
data from the sensor to be read incorrectly.  The data for one variable showed up in 
data for another variable or not at all.  We reprocessed the data to correct as much of this 
error as we could.  The cumulative rainfall variable was calculated from the 
instantaneous rainfall variable during reprocessing.  Since we cannot be entirely sure all 
cumulative rainfall values are correct or were completely captured the cumulative rainfall data is 
considered to be unreliable.  This issue shows up when comparing the cumulative rainfall 
data at the end of the day 07/31/2006 (79.08) and the beginning of the next day 
08/01/2006 (3.17).  Clearly we were either under or over-estimating the cumulative rainfall.

• pwd_cumul_water

NIM/MET/M1 - Present Weather Detector 1 Minute Rainfall Data Suspect

The Present weather detector is a serial sensor.  The MET system datalogger reads in the 
data from this sensor.  During the time in question serial comms problems were causing 
the data from the sensor to be read incorrectly.  The data for one variable showed up in 
data for another variable or not at all.  We reprocessed the data to correct as much of 
this error as we could. We cannot be entirely certain that all rainfall values are correct 
or were captured properly.  It is possible that some values were missed completely.

• pwd_avg_H2O_int_1_min

HFE/MET/M1 - Reprocess: ORG Data has very small rainrate values

The ORG data is collected via analog signal and not digital.  Therefore, we continuously 
collect data even when no rain is occurring.  We also capture small events such as leaves, 
large bugs, dust, etc blowing through the measurement path.  Because this discrete event 
occurs quickly the value is usually captured for 1 or 2 seconds.  This value is then 
averaged to the minute producing rainrate on the order of .009 mm/hr or less.  

These values are not indicative of rain and should be removed from the record or summing 
over long periods can bias the climate record.  We will reprocess the data to remove these 
small values.

• precip_rate_sd
• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_max
• precip_rate_min

GRW/MET/M1 - Reprocess: ORG Data has very small rainrate values

The ORG data is collected via analog signal and not digital.  Therefore, we continuously 
collect data even when no rain is occurring.  We also capture small events such as leaves, 
large bugs, dust, etc blowing through the measurement path.  Because this discrete event 
occurs quickly the value is usually captured for 1 or 2 seconds.  This value is then 
averaged to the minute producing rainrate on the order of .009 mm/hr or less.  

These values are not indicative of rain and should be removed from the record or summing 
over long periods can bias the climate record.  We will reprocess the data to remove these 
small values.

• precip_rate_sd
• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• precip_rate_min
• precip_rate_max

SBS/MET/M1 - Atmospheric pressure spikes

A nearby AC unit was causing +/-.05 (approx.) changes in pressure values, most frequently 
during the daylight hours but occasionally over night.  Corrective action was taken to 
shield the sensor 1/28.

• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)

SBS/MET/M1 - Site setup

The instruments were being setup and installed during this period.  Some data may be 
questionable and minimal quality reporting will be done.

• precip_rate_min
• pwd_err_code
• precip_rate_max
• temp_sd
• time_offset
• relh_sd
• pwd_pw_code_15_min
• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)
• pwd_cumul_snow
• Average 1 min visibility(pwd_avg_vis_1_min)
• Vector-averaged Wind Direction(wind_dir_vec_avg)
• pwd_pw_code_1_hr
• wind_spd_arith_min
• pwd_id
• wind_dir_sd
• time
• wind_spd_arith_max
• pwd_avg_H2O_int_1_min
• pwd_pw_code_inst
• alt
• lat
• logger_voltage
• Temperature mean(temp_mean)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Rain, surface, 1-min avg(precip_rate_mean)
• base_time
• Average 10 min visibility(pwd_avg_vis_10_min)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• org_carrier_mean
• lon
• vappress_sd
• Vector-averaged Wind Speed(wind_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind speed, lower, 1-min avg(wind_spd_arith_avg)
• pwd_cumul_water
• logger_temp
• precip_rate_sd
• wind_spd_arith_sd

SBS/MET/M1 - Incorrect atmospheric pressure

The atmospheric pressure readings showed a ~.3 - 1 mb oscillatory behavior. The sensor 
tube was found to be obstructed. It was fixed and  proper function resumed.

• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)