SGP/MWR/C1 - IRT removed

There were no IRT data during this period because MWR #10, upon
which the IRT is mounted, was returned to the vendor for upgrades and
replaced with spare MWR #33 which does not have the mounting hardware
or the electronics to accept the IRT.

• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Rain on window

The data is subject to contamination due to rain on the sensor window
and should be used with caution because the heater/blower assembly that
prevents water from accumulating on the sensor's teflon window was out
of commission.

• r23
• wet_window
• r31
• bbn23
• bb31
• tipsky31
• bb23
• tipsky23
• tipn
• bbn31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)

• wet_window
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: Incorrect metadata

The lat/lon/alt values were mixed up in these files.  The
correct values are:

latitude = -2.058
longitude = 147.425
altitude = 4.0

• lat
• lon
• alt

SGP/MWR/C1 - calibration checks

The MWR calibration was checked by a cryogenic (liquid nitrogen) 
blackbody target or (in the case of the Sept 2001 time period)
by pointing the mirror at an internal blackbody target.  The 
brightness temperatures and vap and liq retrievals are not
representative of the sky/atmosphere.

• liqtip
• vaptip

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Time drift

On 9/18/00, I found that the time on the MWR laptop was 1m 21s slow. The Dimension4 
utility had last synchronized the time on 5/5/00. Found that the network DNS settings had been 
disabled. Added the DNS entry for ntp host CF10. Dimension4 synchronized the clock by 
adding 80.91s. The time had drifted at a rate of -0.59s/day.

• time_offset
• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tnd31I
• r23
• bbn31
• tnd_nom23
• tkair
• actaz
• tbsky31tip
• tnd23
• tc23
• actel
• liqtip
• tnd23I
• tbsky23tip
• tknd
• tkbb
• tkxc
• wet_window
• bb23
• tnd31
• tc31
• vaptip
• bbn23
• r31
• tnd_nom31
• base_time
• bb31

• tknd
• tnd31
• wet_window
• tnd23
• tkair
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom23
• time_offset
• tnd_nom31
• tc23
• bb23
• bbn31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky31
• tkbb
• tc31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tkxc
• sky23
• bb31
• bbn23
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• base_time

• wet_window
• bbn31
• tkair
• sky23
• tnd23
• base_time
• tnd31
• tknd
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tc31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• time_offset
• bb31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Temperature Stabilization of Noise Diode Impaired

On 1/17 we had a big spike in the data and lost temperature stabilization. The instrument 
had problems maintaining the Noise Diode (ND) temperature since. At ambient temperatures 
under about -20 C the ND was not maintaining the set temperature of 30 C. This problem 
was reported in P010122.1.

Fred Solheim recommended on 1/22 that we powercycle the instrument as it looked like the 
instrument CPU had lost the temperature reference.

So we powercycled the instrument on 1/22 @ 20:30 and lost all comumnication to it; after a 
second powercycling the instrument came back on line and the temperature stabilized 
quickly (within a couple of minutes) to the set temperature (30 C)

Fred Solheim reported after the system was restored:
"I've never seen this behavior before. I don't think it was due to the RF deck physically 
hanging temperature, because the recorded temp dropped about 30 C in one observation 
cycle. If this happens again, send the MWR down along with data files for us to look at."

Data collected in the periode 1/17/2001 6:00 to 1/22/2001 21:45 are questionable since it 
is uncertain whether the temperature really was unstable and what really caused the 
problem.

• tbsky31_sdev
• tbsky23_sdev
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• ir_temp_sdev
• num_obs_irt
• liq_sdev
• num_obs
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• water_flag_fraction
• vap_sdev
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)

• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• tkair
• tkxc
• sky23
• bb23
• tkbb
• sky31
• tnd31
• tc23
• tnd_nom31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tc31
• bbn23
• tknd
• wet_window

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• wet_window
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)

NSA/MWR/C1 - negative sky brightness temperatures

The data exhibit occasional negative sky brightness temperatures.
The problem was corrected when the site operator cleaned the cable connectors and coated 
the terminals with dielectric grease.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkxc
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

NSA/MWR/C1 - negative sky brightness temperatures

The data exhibit occasional negative sky brightness temperatures.
The problem was corrected when the computer was reconfigured following a virus infection.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkxc
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: calibration change

The thicker (1/2-inch) insulation was installed on the RF deck and the reference 
temperature was reduced from 50 C to 30 C to prevent thermal instability in winter. A change in 
the mixer temperature affects the instrument's calibration. A new calibration was 
automatically derived and applied after 1500 valid tip curves were acquired. During the period 
after the temperature was reset and before the calibration was updated, the previous 
calibration was used.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

NSA/MWR/C1 - incorrect flagging of data

The wet window flag is set high more than expected.

• wet_window

• wet_window

• wet_window

NSA/MWR/C1 - incorrect flagging of data

The wet window flag is set high more frequent than expected.

• wet_window

• wet_window

• wet_window

SGP/MWR/C1 - IRT failure

The IRT was damaged by internal moisture causing sky temperature
measurements that are negatively biased compared to those from
the AERI. IRT#0517 was returned to the manufacturer for repair
and was replaced with spare IRT#1254.

• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: calibration change

The computer was replaced but not configured correctly for the MWR.

• tnd_nom23
• tc23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tc31

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tipsky31
• tc31
• tc23
• tipsky23

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: wrong calibration

Moisture was found inside the lens of the MWR. Removal of the moisture caused a 
significant change in the calibration, especially in the 23.8 GHz channel. The calibration was 
updated automatically.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

(From Bill Clements) We have been using 6m MSL as the station elevation of Momote (Manus). 
 This was based on information posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather 
Service Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation for Momote is 4m MSL 
and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL. The sonde launching station 
is at 5m MSL.

• alt

NSA/MWR/C1 - Contamination or Calibration Effect

A short period of odd data occurs in PWV and the LWP.  Its a sudden offset in the data 
values.  Vic Morris suggests it could be a calibration issue as seen before at SGP.  Data 
make a marked change after the events (suggesting the data were questionable prior to this 
time).  No obvious changes in other instruments occur. Some of these effects may coincide 
with operator's preventive maintenance but others are in the middle of the night local 
time and can not be explained by cleaning.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Frosting

Spike in PWV and LWP
. Operator reports instrument is frosted. Instrument teflon window was cleaned by 
operator.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Instrument maintenance

Installed cold weather insulation on radiometer, required time to thermally stabilize.

• skyn31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• tair
• sky23
• tkxc
• skyn23
• bb23
• tkbb
• tc23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• unoise23
• tc31
• bbn23
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• unoise31
• bbn31
• tkair
• losn
• sky31
• tnd31
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• wet_window

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• bbn23
• tkair
• bb23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• wet_window
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• tc23
• tc31

NSA/MWR/C1 - MWR moved

The MWR data are unreasonable during this period, because it was shutdown and moved by 
operations at this time.

• skyn31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• alt
• tair
• actaz
• tkxc
• sky23
• skyn23
• bb23
• tkbb
• tc23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• unoise23
• lat
• tc31
• base_time
• bbn23
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• time_offset
• unoise31
• bbn31
• tkair
• losn
• sky31
• tnd31
• tnd_nom31
• actel
• tknd
• wet_window
• lon

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• alt
• tkbb
• bbn23
• base_time
• tkair
• bb23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31
• lon
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• time_offset
• wet_window
• lat
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• tc23
• actel
• tc31
• actaz

NSA/MWR/C1 - negative PWV (bad calibration?)

During this time, the PWV drops to slightly negative values.  This could be related to 
calibration issues.

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Heater/blower removed

Note that the heater/blower was removed from the MWR during this time.  This may impact 
snow removal from teflon window, thereby affecting the quality of the data between 
cleanings.

• tnd_nom23
• skyn31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• unoise31
• tkair
• tair
• losn
• tkxc
• sky23
• skyn23
• tkbb
• sky31
• tnd31
• tc23
• tnd_nom31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• unoise23
• tc31
• tknd
• wet_window

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• wet_window
• tkair
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• tc23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Data spikes, possibly due to cleaning events

Unreasonable spikes occurred, which may be due to cleaning of 
the instrument by the operator.  Other cleaning events did
not result in obvious data spikes and have not been included 
in this report.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: IRT insufficiently insulated

The downwelling IRT was insufficiently insulated to maintain an internal 
reference temperature above 0 degrees C. Measurements of sky temperature were 
over-estimated when instrument was below freezing.

Data will be reprocessed, but users can correct data using the following correction 
factor:

If T_reference < -5?C, then

  IRT_corrected = (IRT_original - 32.993K)/0.87238

where T_reference can be estimated with the ambient temperature (e.g.
tkair)

• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/MWR/C1 - MWR digital board failure

A power failure at the site apparently damaged some of the components of the digital 
board. The MWR was replaced with a spare unit and returned to the manufacturer for repair.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

NSA/MWR/C1 - REPROCESS: Wrong Calibration

When MWR#20 was returned to service on 4/25/02, the calibration had  significantly changed 
as a result of the repairs made by Radiometrics. I hoped that the previous calibration 
was close enough to serve as a start of the iterative self-calibration process, but I was 
wrong. After several days and very little clear sky, no valid tip curves were obtained 
and the values of vap and liq continued to be too large and unrealistic (resulting in the 
"******" for these values in the raw file). Radiometrics finally provided the calibration 
they obtained after the repair and these values were put in the configuration file on 
5/23/02. The instrument was then  able to obtain valid tip curves and derive a new calibration.

• tnd31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tc23
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tc31

• tnd23
• tnd23I
• tc31
• tnd31I
• tc23
• tbskytip31
• tbskytip23
• tnd31

SGP/MWR/B4/C1 - LOS cycle skipping

When MWR software version 4.12 was installed at the SGP, it was observed 
that the MWRs at CF and BF4 skip line-of-sight (LOS) observing cycles. In LOS mode, the 
software begins an observing cycle at 0, 20, and 40 seconds after the minute to provide 3 
LOS cycles per minute. If a cycle is delayed so that it takes more than 20 seconds to 
complete, then the next start time is missed, the cycle is skipped, and the data that would 
have been acquired are lost.  

It was demonstrated that the interaction with the IRT at CF slowed the MWR observing cycle 
noticeably and contributed significantly to the LOS cycle skipping. The IRT was removed 
from the MWR on 5 November 2002 and the LOS cycle skipping at the CF was resolved.  The 
IRT data are now available in a new separate datastream: sgpirtC1.a1 (and soon 
sgpirt2sC1.a1).

The BF4 cycle skipping may have resulted from a combination of an additional air 
temperature sensor on this instrument and the use of a fiber optic cable.  However, the cycle 
skipping on this instrument appears to have abated without modifications to the instrument 
configuration.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• bbn23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkair
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• wet_window
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• bbn31
• bb31
• tnd23
• tc23
• sky23
• tc31
• bb23
• tnd_nom31
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd31
• sky31
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb

• tknd
• tnd31
• wet_window
• tnd23
• tkair
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• tc23
• bb23
• bbn31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• sky31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• tc31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tkxc
• sky23
• bb31
• bbn23
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

• wet_window
• bbn31
• tkair
• sky23
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tknd
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tc31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• time_offset
• bb31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

• tc23
• tkbb
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• sky31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tkair
• tnd23
• tknd
• bbn31
• bb31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkxc
• tnd31
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd_nom31
• sky23
• bbn23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• tc31
• wet_window

SGP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the SGP MWRs have been
reported dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the
occurrence of blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those
expected. The symptoms included noisy data (especially at Purcell),
spikes in the data (especially at Vici), negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program (especially at the CF).

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which has not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program.

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported
dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of
blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those expected. The
symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported dating back to 
1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of blackbody signals (in counts) that were 
half of those expected. The symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative 
brightness temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the computer and 
the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems, the instrument 
mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly cleaned and replaced the fiber optic 
comm. components, (2) swapped radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for 
evaluation (which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured the 
computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate and correct it, the problem 
persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration conflicted with the 
DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port or the contents of the serial port 
buffer. This problem was finally corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new 
Windows-compatible program.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

NSA/MWR/C1  - no air temperature signal

When the new blower was upgraded by Radiometrics and reinstalled on the MWR, the air 
temperature sensor failed to properly report. It was determined that the wires carrying the 
signal to the analog board did not conform to the standard expected by the upgraded blower. 
The problem was corrected by changing the wiring and modifying the MWR software to read 
the signal from the appropriate corresponding channel.

• tkair

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• tkair

SGP/MWR/C1 - Incorrect min and max values

The values of valid_min and valid_max applied to fields tkxc and tknd were incorrect. They 
should be 303 and 333, respectively.

• tknd
• tkxc

NSA/MWR/C1 - min/max/delta values incorrect

The values of valid_min, valid_max, and valid_delta for fields tkxc and tknd were 
incorrect. They should be 303, 333, and 0.5 K, respectively.

• tkxc
• tknd

SGP/MWR/C1 - no air temperature signal

When the new blower was upgraded by Radiometrics and reinstalled on the MWR, the air 
temperature sensor failed to properly report. It was determined that the wires carrying the 
signal to the analog board did not conform to the standard expected by the upgraded blower. 
The problem was corrected by changing the wiring.

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - damaged window

The MWR dielectric window was damaged by snow from a snow blower and replaced.

• skyn31
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• sky23
• skyn23
• bb23
• tkbb
• tc23
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• unoise23
• tc31
• bbn23
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• unoise31
• bbn31
• tkair
• sky31
• tnd31
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• wet_window

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• bbn23
• tkair
• bb23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• bbn31
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• wet_window
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• tc23
• tc31

• mean_tbsky23_mwr
• mean_liq_mwr
• sd_liq_mwr
• mean_tbsky31_mwr
• sd_tbsky23_mwr
• num_tbsky23_mwr
• num_tbsky31_mwr
• sd_vap_mwr
• num_vap_mwr
• num_liq_mwr
• mean_vap_mwr
• sd_tbsky31_mwr

• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• tnd31I
• liqtip
• bbn31
• r31
• tkair
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• tc23
• r23
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd23
• tc31
• tkbb
• tbskytip31
• vaptip
• bb23
• tnd23I
• tipsky31
• tipsky23
• tbskytip23
• tnd31

TWP/MWR/C1 - wrong azimuth

The MWR was initially installed at an azimuth angle defined as 180 degrees but the value 
in the configuration file was not changed from the default of 0 degrees. In examining 
photos taken during the installation of the AWS tower, I noticed that the MWR was rotated 
opposite the normal orientation. The value in the configuration file was changed to reflect 
the actual azimuth of the instrument.

• actaz

TWP/MWR/C1 - wrong azimuth

The MWR was initially installed at an azimuth angle defined as 180 degrees but the value 
in the configuration file was not changed from the default of 0 degrees. In examining 
photos taken during the installation of the AWS tower, I noticed that the MWR was rotated 
opposite the normal orientation. The value in the configuration file was changed to reflect 
the actual azimuth of the instrument.

• actaz

SGP/MWR/C1 - Wet window flag "on" more frequently than expected

The wet window flag was set "on" more frequently than expected during the time periods 
specified.  This indicates the heater has been running more than necessary.  In most 
instances the moisture sensitivity was adjusted at the end of these periods.

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• wet_window

• wet_window
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Instrument problem

The MWR mixer temperature, blackbody temperature, and moisture flag are incorrect. This 
began when the instrument was returned to service after the analog board was temporarily 
removed to check the presence and absence of certain resistors. The board must have been 
accidently damaged during this process.

• tc23
• tnd23I
• tknd
• tkbb
• tkxc
• wet_window
• tnd31I
• tnd_nom23
• tkair
• tnd31
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23

• tknd
• tnd_nom31
• tc23
• tnd31
• tkbb
• tc31
• wet_window
• tkxc
• tnd23
• tkair
• tnd_nom23

• tkxc
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• tkbb
• tc23
• tkair
• tnd_nom23
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tknd

SGP/MWR/C1 - thermal instability

The analog board was replaced with a spare (D041001.3) with a reference temperature that 
was set too low (306 K) so that during periods of high ambient temperature, the instrument 
became thermally unstable. The problem was corrected when the temperature setting was 
increased (to 311 K).

• liqtip
• vaptip
• tbsky23tip
• tbsky31tip

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: wrong retrievals

When the computer and core configuration were upgraded, retrieval coefficients for BF1 
were accidently included in the configuration file.
The correct coefficients for CF1 were applied when the configuration file was updated.

• liqtip
• vaptip

• mean_liq_mwr
• mean_vap_mwr

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

NSA/C1 - Site-wide power failure

The Barrow facility experienced a site-wide power failure on 12/13.  Power was restored to 
most instruments between 2250 and 2330 GMT.

• Backscatter, doppler spectrum, 915 MHz RWP(spc_amp)
• alt
• plen
• ncoh
• tditime
• bswitch
• time_offset
• nspc
• sitime
• vband
• bins
• elevation
• dly
• lon
• nheight
• sampr
• base_time
• height_t
• range_gate
• prf
• rgs
• oband
• pcbits
• vsr
• spcavetim
• ipp
• beam
• lat
• rgl
• rgf

• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• lon
• nspc
• power
• avgint
• rgs
• snr3
• snr4
• snr0
• snr1
• snr2
• dly
• vvsr
• Wind direction, horizontal, at altitude, 915 MHz RWP(dir)
• oband
• tditime
• rgl
• rgf
• range_gate
• ncoh
• time_offset
• lat
• prf
• base_time
• ovsr
• azimuth1
• azimuth0
• azimuth3
• azimuth2
• Beam 2 radial wind speed(vel2)
• Beam 1 radial wind speed(vel1)
• azimuth4
• Beam 4 radial wind speed(vel4)
• Beam 3 radial wind speed(vel3)
• sampr
• Beam 0 radial wind speed(vel0)
• ipp
• nrcns4
• nrcns3
• nrcns2
• nrcns1
• nrcns0
• ncns1
• ncns0
• ncns3
• ncns2
• ncns4
• sitime
• Wind speed, horizontal, at altitude, 915 MHz RWP(spd)
• plen
• spcavetim
• alt
• nheight
• nrec0
• nrec1
• nrec2
• nrec3
• nrec4
• elevation0
• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• elevation2
• elevation1
• elevation4
• elevation3
• height_p
• vband
• pcbits
• bswitch

• Radiation, longwave, downwelling radiance, 0.5 cm-1 resolution, 3.3-5.5 um(mean_rad)
• AERIunitNumber
• calibratedSceneID
• timeHHMMSS
• wnum2
• Time_UTC_hours
• systemReleaseNumber
• channelNumber
• time_offset
• base_time
• alt
• Longitude
• BBsupportStructureTemp
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• missingDataFlag
• calibrationCBBtemp
• instrumentUnitNumber
• Latitude
• sceneMirrorAngle
• dateYYMMDD
• calibrationAmbientTemp
• atmosphericPressure
• wnum
• outsideAirTemp
• calibrationHBBtemp
• lat
• hatchOpen
• JulianDay
• sceneViewDuration
• standard_dev_mean_rad
• time
• lon
• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• Altitude

• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• wet_window
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tkbb
• alt
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• bb23
• bb31
• time_offset
• tc23
• tc31
• tknd
• lat
• actel
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tkxc
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• sky23
• bbn23
• base_time
• sky31
• bbn31
• actaz
• tkair
• lon
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• skyViewStdDevRadiance675_680
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp675_680)
• JulianDay
• SWskyNENacceptable
• channelNumber
• calibrationAmbientTemp
• LW_HBB_NEN
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance2282_2287)
• LWskyNEN
• Latitude
• lon
• systemReleaseNumber
• skyViewStdDevRadiance985_990
• AERI LW Scene Radiance Spectral Averages (Ch1)(SkyRadianceSpectralAveragesCh1)
• AERI SW Scene Radiance Spectral Averages (Ch2)(SkyRadianceSpectralAveragesCh2)
• outsideAirTemp
• wnumsum7
• wnumsum6
• wnumsum5
• wnumsum4
• wnumsum3
• wnumsum2
• wnumsum1
• wnumsum9
• wnumsum8
• HBB2minNENestimateNo1Ch1
• HBB2minNENestimateNo1Ch2
• HBBstable
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowRadiance985_990)
• LWresponsivity
• maxSampleStdDev
• lat
• Altitude
• dataAvailable
• instrumentUnitNumber
• time_offset
• calibrationHBBtemp
• atmosphericPressure
• LWskyNENacceptable
• Radiation, longwave, radiances, SD, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 5.5-18 um(SkyUniformityCh1)
• Radiation, longwave, radiances, SD, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 3.3-5.5 um(SkyUniformityCh2)
• time
• calibratedSceneID
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• sceneViewDuration
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 3.3-5.5 um(SkyBrightnessTempSpectralAveragesCh2)
• sceneMirPosEncoderDrift
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 5.5-18 um(SkyBrightnessTempSpectralAveragesCh1)
• ResponsivitySpectralAveragesCh1
• ResponsivitySpectralAveragesCh2
• SkyNENCh1
• SkyNENCh2
• hatchOpen
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp2282_2287)
• SW_HBB_NEN
• sceneMirrorAngle
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowRadiance2510_2515)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp700_705)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowAirTemp2510_2515)
• HBB2minNENestimateNo2Ch2
• HBB2minNENestimateNo2Ch1
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• dateYYMMDD
• alt
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance2295_2300)
• base_time
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp2295_2300)
• SWskyNEN
• wnumsum11
• wnumsum12
• wnumsum13
• wnumsum14
• wnumsum10
• skyViewStdDevRadiance700_705
• SWresponsivity
• Longitude
• HBBtempDrift
• sunSensorIntensity
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance675_680)
• missingDataFlag
• ABBmaxTempDiff
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance700_705)
• HBBmaxTempDiff
• timeHHMMSS
• AERIunitNumber
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• frontEndFanAirTempDiff
• calibrationCBBtemp
• Time_UTC_hours
• rainSensorIntensity
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowAirTemp985_990)

• base_time
• rgs
• noise
• snr
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• Temperature, virtual, profile, merged from 50 and 915 MHz RASS(virtual_temp)
• mdf
• smdf
• lon
• time_offset
• sampr
• Spectral Width(specw)
• alt
• ssnr
• sspecw
• lat

• lon
• Time_UTC_hours
• atmosphericPressure
• JulianDay
• sceneMirrorAngle
• hatchOpen
• outsideAirTemp
• Longitude
• dateYYMMDD
• time
• sceneViewDuration
• Radiation, longwave, downwelling radiance, 0.5 cm-1 resolution, 3.3-5.5 um(mean_rad)
• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• timeHHMMSS
• base_time
• calibrationCBBtemp
• Latitude
• calibrationHBBtemp
• missingDataFlag
• instrumentUnitNumber
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• systemReleaseNumber
• channelNumber
• wnum2
• lat
• BBsupportStructureTemp
• standard_dev_mean_rad
• Altitude
• wnum
• calibratedSceneID
• AERIunitNumber
• alt
• time_offset
• calibrationAmbientTemp

• range_bin_time
• background_signal
• time
• shots_summed
• lat
• voltage_15
• max_altitude
• voltage_05
• voltage_10
• pulse_rep
• instrument_temp
• detector_temp
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• laser_temp
• time_offset
• range_offset
• range
• filter_temp
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level(preliminary_cbh)
• energy_monitor
• alt
• range_bins
• detector_counts
• base_time
• lon
• range_bin_width

• status_string
• Backscatter(backscatter)
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• tilt_angle
• base_time
• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• detection_status
• alt_highest_signal
• window_contamination
• receiver_sensitivity
• Vertical visibility(vertical_visibility)
• laser_temperature
• alt
• time_offset
• filename
• lat
• laser_pulse_energy
• sum_backscatter
• status_flag
• lon
• background_light
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• measurement_parameters
• range

• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• sampr
• rgs
• lat
• lon
• base_time
• time_offset
• alt
• Backscatter, doppler spectrum, 915 MHz RWP(spc_amp)
• bins

• SNR Corrected Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(snr_virtual_temp_corr)
• ncns_virtual_temp
• SNR Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(snr_virtual_temp)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• rgs
• ncns_vert_v
• ncns_virtual_temp_corr
• time_offset
• Temperature, virtual, profile, merged from 50 and 915 MHz RASS(virtual_temp)
• Wind speed, vertical velocity, at altitude, 915 MHz RWP(vert_v)
• lat
• nrcns
• base_time
• SNR Vertical wind velocity(snr_vert_v)
• sampr
• lon
• Temperature, virtual, at altitude, 10-min cons. avg, corrected, 915 MHz RWP/RASS(virtual_temp_corr)
• avgint
• alt
• nrec

• BBcontroller2temp
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance2295_2300
• ABBtempOffset
• HBBmaxTempDiff
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance2510_2515
• detectorTemp
• coadditionsCount
• calibrationHBBtemp
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance675_680)
• HBBapexTemp
• skyViewStdDevRadiance985_990
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• systemReleaseNumber
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• base_time
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance985_990
• timeHHMMSS
• sceneMirrorAngle
• LW_HBB_NEN
• spareTemp
• HBBstable
• Latitude
• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp2282_2287)
• channelNumber
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance700_705
• outsideAirTemp
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• rackAmbientTemp
• calibratedSceneID
• frontEndFanAirHeatedTemp
• HBBtempOffset
• instrumentUnitNumber
• ABBtopTemp
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance700_705
• fixed2500ohmResistor
• missingDataFlag
• time_offset
• fixed97KohmResistor
• LWskyNEN
• HBBapexTempWeight
• ABBbottomTempWeight
• expandedInterferogramSize
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowAirTemp2510_2515)
• coolerCurrent
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance700_705
• HBBbottomTemp
• frontEndFanAirUnheatedTemp
• computerTemp
• lon
• LWresponsivity
• calibrationAmbientTemp
• interferometerSecondPortTemp
• skyViewStdDevRadiance700_705
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp700_705)
• interferometerEnclosureRelativeHumidity
• originalInterferogramSize
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance985_990
• maxSampleStdDev
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowRadiance2510_2515)
• motorDriverTemp
• SWskyNENlimit
• Longitude
• alt
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance675_680
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• ABBapexTemp
• hatchOpen
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance2282_2287
• ABBbottomTemp
• AERIunitNumber
• Altitude
• LWskyNENacceptable
• sceneMirPosCount
• sceneMirrorMotorStep
• SWresponsivity
• lat
• originalLaserWavenumber
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp2295_2300)
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowRadiance985_990)
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance675_680
• BBsupportStructureTemp
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• sceneMirPosEncoder
• rainSensorIntensity
• twoMinuteNoiseEstimateFactor
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance985_990
• SCEtemp
• sceneViewDuration
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance675_680
• BBcontroller1temp
• dateYYMMDD
• HBBtopTempWeight
• airNearBBsTemp
• ABBmaxTempDiff
• HBBtempDriftLimit
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance2295_2300)
• BBcavityFactor
• coolerCompressorTemp
• sceneMirrorTemp
• coolerExpanderTemp
• coolerPowerSupplyTemp
• dataAvailable
• skyViewStdDevRadiance675_680
• Time_UTC_hours
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowAirTemp985_990)
• HBBtempDrift
• sunSensorIntensity
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• sceneMirrorPosition
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• atmosphericPressure
• HBBtopTemp
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• SWskyNENacceptable
• time
• JulianDay
• ABBapexTempWeight
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp675_680)
• SW_HBB_NEN
• ABBtopTempWeight
• LWskyNENlimit
• fixed12KohmResistor
• SWskyNEN
• airNearInterferometerTemp
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance700_705)
• mirrorMotorTemp
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance2282_2287)
• FFOVhalfAngle
• interferometerWindowTemp
• sceneMirPosEncoderDrift
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• HBBbottomTempWeight
• calibrationCBBtemp
• outputLaserWavenumber
• opticsCompartmentRelativeHumidity
• numberOfTerms
• frontEndFanAirTempDiff

• range_bin_time
• detector_temp
• total_counts
• scalar_sync_offset
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• transceiver_azimuth_angle
• time_offset
• laser_sync_offset
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level(preliminary_cbh)
• voltage_10
• voltage_15
• voltage_05
• trigger_freq
• time
• instrument_temp
• shots_sum
• filter_temp
• Backscatter(backscatter)
• alt
• lon
• base_time
• pulse_rep
• background_signal
• deadtime_correction
• laser_scalar_sync_offset
• lat
• range
• max_altitude
• range_bin_width
• energy_monitor
• range_offset
• shots_summed
• property
• laser_temp
• transceiver_altitude_angle
• range_bins

• ReceiverNumber
• CalCheckTime
• RxCalTimeStamp
• TWTStatusCode
• DCFilterONOFF
• base_time
• NumCodeBits
• MMCR Mean Doppler Velocity(MeanDopplerVelocity)
• WindowingONOFF
• NumFFT
• ReceiverMode
• GateSpacing
• NumHeights
• heights
• CalCheckLevel
• PulseWidth
• NumSpectralAverages
• SkyNoiseLevel
• Power
• DataQualityStatus
• SignalToNoiseRatio
• ClutterHeight
• ModeNum
• NumCoherentIntegrations
• MinimumDetectableReflectivity
• time_offset
• Cloud, reflectivity, at altitude(Reflectivity)
• Rx290KLevel
• lon
• NyquistVelocity
• ModeDescription
• PeakTransmittedPowerAvg
• TimeAvg
• StartGateDelay
• InterPulsePeriod
• lat
• alt
• RxGain
• time
• NumReceivers
• RangeCorrectedPower
• MMCR Spectral Width(SpectralWidth)
• AvgNoiseLevel
• NoiseLevel
• CircularDepolarizationRatio
• RadarConstant

• lat
• SonicWD_SDU_WVT
• RH10M_STD
• VP10M_STD
• Relative humidity, average, at 10-m height(RH10M_AVG)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WS10M_U_WVT)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 2-m height(DP2M_AVG)
• Pressure, vapor, at 2-m height(VP2M_AVG)
• Pressure, vapor, at 20-m height(VP20M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 10-m height(DP10M_AVG)
• CMHTemp
• VP20M_STD
• DP20M_STD
• Wind speed, mean, at 2-m height(WS2M_S_WVT)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WS2M_U_WVT)
• RefT10m_AVG
• DP40M_STD
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• Wind speed, mean, at 40-m height(WS40M_S_WVT)
• time
• RefT40M_AVG
• DP10M_STD
• PWSAlarm
• WD40M_SDU_WVT
• alt
• RefT2M_AVG
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WS20M_U_WVT)
• SatVPCMH
• PwCod1hr
• lon
• Temperature, air, average, at 10-m height(T10M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 20-m height(DP20M_AVG)
• SonicS_AVG
• T40M_STD
• VPCMH
• DP2M_STD
• RH40M_STD
• RefT20M_AVG
• VP40M_STD
• PcpRate
• base_time
• Pressure, atmospheric(AtmPress)
• SonicX_AVG
• Visibility, 1 minute average(AvgVis1mi)
• WD2M_SDU_WVT
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• Visibility, 10 minute average(AvgVis10m)
• CMHDP
• Temperature, air, average, at 20-m height(T20M_AVG)
• T10M_STD
• CumH2O
• CumSnow
• PwCod15mi
• T20M_STD
• Volt10M_AVG
• SonicY_AVG
• Relative humidity, average, at 40-m height(RH40M_AVG)
• WD10M_SDU_WVT
• WD20M_SDU_WVT
• SonicWD_DU_WVT
• Temperature, air, average, at 40-m height(T40M_AVG)
• Wind speed, mean, at 10-m height(WS10M_S_WVT)
• Pressure, vapor, at 10-m height(VP10M_AVG)
• InstPwCod
• Volt40M_AVG
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• RH2M_STD
• Batt_Volt
• Relative humidity, average, at 2-m height(RH2M_AVG)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WS40M_U_WVT)
• T2M_STD
• Temperature, air, average, at 2-m height(T2M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 40-m height(DP40M_AVG)
• VP2M_STD
• time_offset
• SonicWS_U_WVT
• RH20M_STD
• Pressure, vapor, at 40-m height(VP40M_AVG)
• Relative humidity, average, at 20-m height(RH20M_AVG)
• Wind speed, mean, at 20-m height(WS20M_S_WVT)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WD2M_DU_WVT)
• Volt20M_AVG
• Volt2M_AVG
• SonicWS_S_WVT
• CMHRH

• azimuth
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• alt
• frequency
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• elevation
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• base_time
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• blackbodyTemperature
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Retrieved dewpoint temperature(dewpointTemperature)
• lon
• time
• temperatureRmsError
• Retrieved water vapor mixing ratio(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• Air temperature(temperature)
• time_offset
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• Barometric pressure(pressure)
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• lat
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• infraredTemperature
• dataQualityFlags
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• Energy, potential, convective, available, from RUC model(cape)
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• wetWindowFlag

• snr
• oband
• bswitch
• lon
• beam
• base_time
• vband
• spcavetime
• pcbits
• ipp
• mdf
• plen
• nheight
• alt
• dly
• time_offset
• vsr
• elevation
• nspc
• Spectral Width(specw)
• sitime
• ncoh
• tditime
• range_gate
• prf
• noise
• height_t
• lat
• sampr
• rgl
• rgs
• rgf

• tbskytip31
• tnd23I
• tbskytip23
• r31
• lon
• r23
• lat
• tnd23
• tnd31
• wet_window
• tknd
• tkxc
• alt
• tkbb
• bb23
• time_offset
• bb31
• tc31
• base_time
• tnd31I
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• actaz
• liqtip
• actel
• tipsky31
• tipsky23
• tkair
• vaptip
• bbn31
• bbn23

• JPEG data stream - documentation not yet available

NSA/MWR/C1 - poor air temperature values

After the air temperature sensor was rewired due to a change with the new blower 
(D030515.3), the measurement was initially incorrect. There is no apparent cause for the bad 
signal or its improvement.

• tkair

• tkair

SGP/MWR/C1 - spare instrument

The spare MWR, S.N. 04, was installed while the production instrument, S.N. 10, was 
returned to the manufacturer for upgrades.

• time_offset
• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tnd31I
• r23
• bbn31
• tnd_nom23
• tkair
• lon
• actaz
• tbsky31tip
• lat
• tnd23
• tc23
• actel
• liqtip
• tnd23I
• tbsky23tip
• tkxc
• tknd
• tkbb
• wet_window
• bb23
• tnd31
• tc31
• vaptip
• alt
• bbn23
• r31
• tnd_nom31
• base_time
• bb31

• wet_window
• lon
• bbn31
• tkair
• sky23
• tnd23
• base_time
• tnd31
• tknd
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• lat
• sky31
• tc23
• time_offset
• bb31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• alt

PYE/MWR/M1 - tipping angles

Obstacles above the horizon were in the field of view of the MWR at the lowest tipping 
elevation angle of 19.5 degrees. The AOS stack to the north and trees to the south affected 
the tip scan measurements at 3 airmasses. This problem was corrected by removing 
observations at the lowest angle from the MWR tip configuration.

• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• tc23
• tbsky31tip
• vaptip
• tbsky23tip
• liqtip
• tc31

PYE/MWR/M1 - Instrument computer locked up

The MWR computer locked up and required a reboot at 00Z on June 9, 2005.  When the program 
was restarted, water vapor, liquid path, and temps dropped to zero.  They did not 
recover until 15Z the same day.

• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tkbb
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• tkxc
• sky31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• sky23
• tkair
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

SGP/MWR/C1 - REPROCESS - Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.  

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals.  
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based retrievals, for 
most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 456):
SGP/C1 (Lamont)     4/16/2002, 2000
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  4/12/2002, 1600
SGP/B4 (Vici)       4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B5 (Morris)     4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    4/16/2002, 2200
SGP/E14(Lamont)     4/16/2002, 0000
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     4/25/2002, 1900 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    4/18/2002, 1700
TWP/C1 (Manus)      5/04/2002, 0200
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      4/27/2002, 0600
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     inception

The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 984):

SGP/C1 (Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B4 (Vici)       6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B5 (Morris)     6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    6/24/2005, 1942
SGP/E14(Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     6/29/2005, 0000 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    6/29/2005, 0000
TWP/C1 (Manus)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     6/30/2005, 2100
PYE/M1 (Pt. Reyes)  4/08/2005, 1900**

** At Pt. Reyes, the original retrieval coefficients implemented in March 2005 were based 
on a version of the Rosenkranz model that had been modified to use the HITRAN half-width 
at 22 GHz and to be consistent with the water vapor continuum in MONORTM.  These 
retrievals yield nearly identical results to the MONORTM retrievals.  Therefore the Pt. Reyes 
data prior to 4/08/2005 may not require reprocessing.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• liqtip
• vaptip

• mean_liq_mwr
• mean_vap_mwr

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

PYE/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid water absorption 
model were developed. The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.	The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model. However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals. 
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

At Point Reyes, the original coefficients implemented in March 2005 were based on a 
version of the Rosenkranz model that had been modified to use the HITRAN half-width at 22 GHz 
and to be consistent with the water vapor continuum in MONORTM.  These retrievals yielded 
nearly identical results to the MONORTM retrievals.

The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active at PYE.M1 20050506.

Note: The PYE.M1 MWRLOS data for 20050201-20050506 have been reprocessed
to apply the MONORTM-based retrievals for all time. The reprocessed data
were archived in April 2007.  The TIP data have not been reprocessed.

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• vaptip
• liqtip

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: Revised Calibration Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based 
retrievals, for most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data 
using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at NSA.C1 
20020425.1900.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at NSA.C1 20050629.0000.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the 
Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients to all MWR prior to April 
2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be undertaken to apply 
the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. 
Read reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to 
ensure you are aware which retrieval is in play.

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• mean_liq_mwr
• mean_vap_mwr

• vaptip
• liqtip

TWP/MWR/C1 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at TWP.C1 
20020504.0200.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at TWP.C1 20050630.2100.

Note: The TWP.C1 data for 19961011-20050630 have been reprocessed to apply the

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• liqtip
• vaptip

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

PYE/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Calibration corrected

On May 28 1:30 GMT the NFOV radiometer was placed in the field of view of the MWR tip 
calibration. Almost immediately calibration of the MWR was compromised resulting in incorrect 
brightness temperatures and overestimation of both PWV and LWP. 

On July 15 the NFOV radiometer was moved away from the MWR and the instantaneous 
calibration values jumped back to normal. The median values returned to normal on July 17 around 
2100.

The LOS data were reprocessed using interpolated values for the calibration coefficients.  
The reprocessed data are available from the ARM Archive effective December 7, 2005.  
NOTE: the format of the reprocessed data are slightly different than the format of the 
original data and the data available before and after the reprocessed data period.  The 
quality of the data are not affected, just the format.

The MWRTIP data can not be reprocessed and should be used with caution.

• tnd23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tc31
• sky23
• tnd31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tc23
• sky31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• r31
• tc31
• tipsky31
• tc23
• r23
• tnd23
• tnd23I
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd31
• tnd31I
• vaptip
• liqtip
• tipsky23

NSA/MWR/C1 - Possible loss of accuracy due to missing blower

On 7/09 the MWR blower failed. The blower prevents snow and liquid drop from accumulating 
on the window. Accumulation of snow or liquid results in a loss of accuracy of the 
instrument. The loss of accuracy has consequencies on the retrieved liquid water path and 
precipitable water vapor. Usually there will be an overestimation of liquid and vapor. The 
blower was repaired and reinstalled on 7/20. Between 7/9 and 7/20 the tkair variable is 
unavailable as well.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• sky31
• sky23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• wet_window
• tkair

• vaptip
• tipsky31
• tipsky23
• liqtip
• wet_window
• tbskytip31
• tkair
• tbskytip23

SGP/MWR/C1 - Instrument noise problem

Various variables including the mixer temperatures were very noisy. After several attempts 
to fix the problem, the instrument was taken off line and returned to the manufacturer 
for repair.

• vap_sdev
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• number_obs_averaged
• 23tbsky
• liq_sdev
• prob_slope_change
• tbsky23_sdev
• ir_temp_sdev
• water_flag_fraction
• tbsky31_sdev
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• prob_outlier
• 31tbsky
• water_flag
• prob_level_change
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)

• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tnd31I
• r23
• bbn31
• tnd_nom23
• tkair
• tbsky31tip
• tnd23
• tc23
• liqtip
• tnd23I
• tbsky23tip
• tkxc
• tknd
• tkbb
• wet_window
• bb23
• tnd31
• tc31
• vaptip
• bbn23
• r31
• tnd_nom31
• bb31

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 31tbsky
• dlm_flag_fraction
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• water_flag_periods
• vap_sdev
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tbsky31_sdev
• 23tbsky
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• ir_temp_sdev
• liq_sdev
• tbsky23_sdev
• water_flag_fraction
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• dlm_flag_periods

• wet_window
• bbn31
• tkair
• sky23
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tknd
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• bb31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Instrument problem, Heater problem

The heater of the MWR was ON all the time even when the moisture sensor was dry. Jim 
Liljegren suspected a problem with the relay that activates the heater. The suggested action 
was to send the faulty assembly to SGP for repair and get a spare unit from SGP.
The spare unit was sent on 9/15 and was installed on 10/18.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• lon
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• alt
• tkbb
• time_offset
• wet_window
• bbn23
• tkair
• base_time
• lat
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• bb23
• tc23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• actel
• tc31
• actaz
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

PYE/MWR/M1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• tnd23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• bb23
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• tkxc
• tc31
• sky23
• bbn31
• tnd31
• tknd
• bb31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• tkbb
• tc23
• bbn23
• sky31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkair
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• r31
• tkxc
• tbsky23tip
• tc31
• bbn31
• tipsky31
• tc23
• tkair
• bb23
• tkbb
• tbsky31tip
• r23
• tnd23
• tnd23I
• tnd_nom31
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd31I
• tnd31
• bbn23
• vaptip
• tknd
• liqtip
• tipsky23

TWP/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in October 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• tnd31
• tipsky31
• bbn31
• tbskytip31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd23
• r23
• tnd31I
• tnd_nom23
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tkbb
• tnd_nom31
• tipn
• vaptip
• tnd23I
• tkair
• bbn23
• bb23
• tipsky23

• tkair
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• bbn23
• tnd31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• tknd
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

NSA/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in September 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one 
that caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of 
tip curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/15/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• bbn23
• tkair
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• bb23
• tc23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31

• tnd23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• tc31
• tnd31I
• liqtip
• tkbb
• bbn31
• tbskytip31
• r31
• tkair
• vaptip
• bb23
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23I
• tipsky31
• tknd
• tc23
• tipsky23
• r23
• tbskytip23
• bbn23
• tnd31

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: wrong calibration

When MWR#20 was returned to service on 9/1/2005, the calibration had changed as a result 
of the repairs made by Radiometrics and the RF deck temperature had been set to 325K for 
testing. On 9/2, the temperature was decreased to 307K to prevent thermal instability in 
winter and the calibration was changed in the configuration file with the values supplied 
on the repair report.  

The data need to be reprocessed with the calibration coefficients that were automatically 
derived after these changes were put into affect. They are: tnd_nom23=185.621, 
tnd_nom31=158.801, tc23=-0.022, tc31=-0.039.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• vaptip
• liqtip
• tbskytip31
• tbskytip23

SGP/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 08/04/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to 
~50s.

• tc23
• liqtip
• tnd23I
• tbsky23tip
• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tkbb
• tknd
• tkxc
• tnd31I
• r23
• bbn31
• tnd_nom23
• bb23
• tkair
• tnd31
• tc31
• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• bbn23
• r31
• tnd_nom31
• bb31
• tnd23

• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd_nom31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tc31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• sky31
• tc23
• bb31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• tkair
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• tnd31
• tknd

NSA/MWR/C1 -  Incorrect time stamp

On Sept 27 the motherboard of the MWR computer was replaced. Following the replacement, 
the date on the computer was not set to the correct time of day, therefore the date and 
time in the files were wrong. The time on the computer was reset on Sept. 30. Time stamps 
between Sept. 27 and Sept. 30 were later corrected based on gathered information, however 
they may have as much as 5 minutes of uncertainty.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• lon
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• alt
• tkbb
• time_offset
• wet_window
• bbn23
• tkair
• base_time
• lat
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• bb23
• tc23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• actel
• tc31
• actaz
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

TWP/MWR/C1 - Software Change

The MWR operating software was changed on 27 February 1999 to provide additional
functionality as described below.
   
NEW FEATURES
1. Faster sampling rate
   
Standard line-of-sight (LOS) observations can now be acquired at 15-second intervals vs. 
20-second intervals previously. (The standard LOS cycle is comprised of one sky sample per 
blackbody sample and gain update.)
   
2. More flexible sampling strategy
   
Multiple sky observations can be acquired during a LOS cycle, up to 1024 per gain update. 
This permits sky samples to be acquired at intervals of 2.67 seconds for improved 
temporal resolution of cloud liquid water variations and better coordination with the millimeter 
cloud radar during IOPs.
   
3. Separation of zenith LOS observations from TIP data
   
When the radiometer is in TIP mode, the zenith LOS observations are now extracted, the PWV 
and LWP computed and reported separately in the output file. This eliminates the periods 
of missing LOS data during calibration checks/updates.
   
4. Automatic self-calibration
   
The software now permits the calibration to be updated at specified intervals or 
continuously. In the first case, LOS mode is automatically changed to TIP mode at user-specified 
intervals or whenever clear sky conditions occur, the tip data reduced, the calibration 
updated, and the radiometer returned to LOS mode without operator intervention. In the 
second case, the radiometer is continuously is TIP mode until changed by the operator.
   
5. Graphical user display
   
The graphical display is comprised of a status display, a message display, a temperature 
plot, a plot of the retrieved PWV and LWP, and (in TIP mode) a plot of the latest tip 
curves.

• actel
• tkair
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• bbn31
• bb23
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tc31
• tnd23
• lat
• tknd
• base_time
• alt
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

NSA/MWR/C1 - software upgrade (version 3.28)

The MWR operating program was upgraded to version 3.28 on 3 February 1999. This version 
includes a beam width correction as well as providing the capability to automatically level 
the elevation mirror (that is, to automatically detect and correct offsets in the 
elevation angle stepper motor position.)

The improvement in the quality of the tip curves resulting from the auto-
leveling has been dramatic: differences in the brightness temperatures at
3 airmasses (19.5 and 160.5 degrees) have been reduced from +/- 5 K to
+/- 0.5 K.  In order to take full advantage of this improvement to detect and reject 
cloudy tip curves, the minimum value of the goodness-of-fit coefficient for a valid tip curve 
has been increased from 0.995 to 0.998.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - software upgrade (version 3.29)

The MWR operating program was upgraded to version 3.29 on 15 March 1999. This version 
included a beam width correction as well as provided the capability to automatically level 
the elevation mirror (that is, to automatically detect and correct offsets in the elevation 
angle stepper motor position.)
   
The improvement in the quality of the tip curves resulting from the auto-leveling has been 
dramatic: differences in the brightness temperatures at 3 airmasses (19.5 and 160.5 
degrees) have been reduced from +/- 5 K to +/- 0.5 K. In order to take full advantage of this 
improvement to detect and reject cloudy tip curves, the minimum value of the 
goodness-of-fit coefficient for a valid tip curve has been increased from 0.995 to 0.998.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Spikes in ambient temperature readings

There are intermittent spikes in the Tkair temperature (T ~ 400 K). On 7/28 the sensor 
was cleaned and the instrument power cycled following a power outage. Readings came back to 
normal.

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - TKAIR sensor failure

Between 7/14 and 7/28 the tkair variable is missing most of the time and sometimes has 
large negative spikes.  On 7/28, the sensor was cleaned of corrosion and the readings came 
back to normal.

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - Rain sensor always on

The rain sensor was always on between 10/5 and 10/23 2006.
The user should be aware that not all data flagged as rainy are actually rainy. The 
problem was caused by a shift in the sensitivity of the rain sensor and was corrected by 
changing the sensor threshold in the configuration file.

• wet_window

• wet_window

TWP/MWR/C1 - Radiometer failure

The instrument stopped responding and had to be powered off. Suspect cause of failure is a 
faulty digital board.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• 23expave
• bbn31
• 23ndiode
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• 23tipskynd
• airm
• actel
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• wet_window
• 23tbzenith
• 23bbn
• 31bbn
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23tipsky
• 23gain
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• vaptip
• lon
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• 31ndiode
• bbn23
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• actel
• tkair
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• bbn31
• bb23
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tc31
• tnd23
• lat
• tknd
• base_time
• alt
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

SGP/MWR/C1/E14 - Freezing rain-Incorrect rain flag

Between 01/12 and 01/15 brightness temperatures show high values (Tb > 100 K) indicative 
of rain, however the wet_window flag is 0 (indicative of no rain). During that time there 
where freezing conditions with ice pellets that were not detected by the sensor. The high 
brightness temperatures may be due to melting ice on the window.

• wet_window

• wet_window

• wet_window

• wet_window

TWP/MWR/C1/C2 - Sun in the field of view

Every day between around noon local time (usually between 1 and 2 AM UTC time) there is an 
increase in the brightness temperatures due to the sun in the field of view of the 
radiometer.

The effect lasts less than an hour around local noon (usually between 1 and 2 AM UTC 
time).  The effect appears as a smooth increase and decrease in brightness temperature.

• tipsky23
• tipsky31

• vaptip
• liqtip
• tbskytip23
• tbskytip31

• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• sky31
• sky23
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent data

After a computer change the MWR program did not restart properly.  Data are intermittent 
between 6/12 and 6/17.

• 31bb
• tnd31
• alt
• 31expave
• tipsky31
• tbskytip31
• 23expave
• bbn31
• 23ndiode
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• 31tipsky
• base_time
• 23tipskynd
• airm
• actel
• tnd23
• 31gain
• actaz
• r23
• 31tipbb
• wet_window
• 23tbzenith
• 23bbn
• 31bbn
• 31tipskynd
• tnd31I
• 31r
• tnd_nom23
• 23tipbb
• tknd
• tbskytip23
• tc23
• 23bb
• tkbb1
• tkbb2
• 23tipsky
• 23gain
• r31
• liqtip
• bb31
• tkxc
• tc31
• tnd_nom31
• tkbb
• tipn
• vaptip
• lon
• tnd23I
• time_offset
• tkair
• 31ndiode
• bbn23
• lat
• bb23
• tipsky23
• 31tbzenith
• 23r

• tkair
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• lon
• actaz
• bbn23
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• tnd31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• wet_window
• tnd_nom31
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc31
• lat
• tknd
• alt
• actel
• bb31
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• tkxc
• sky31
• tc23
• tkbb
• time_offset
• bbn31
• bb23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• base_time
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Noisy data

Since 7/14 the MWR is experiencing intermittent periods of increased noise. The cause for 
this is under investigation.

• liqtip
• vaptip
• tbsky23tip
• tbsky31tip
• tipsky23
• bbn23
• tipsky31
• bbn31
• bb23
• bb31

• bbn23
• bb23
• sky23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• sky31
• bb31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31

SGP/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: Radiometer reinstalled- Please reprocess

After the radiometer was reinstalled it had to update the calibration coefficients.
Data will be reprocessed

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 31tbsky
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23tbsky
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)

• tc23
• liqtip
• tbsky23tip
• tipsky23
• tipsky31
• tnd_nom23
• tnd31
• tc31
• vaptip
• tbsky31tip
• tnd_nom31
• tnd23

• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tc23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tnd_nom23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• tnd31

TWP/MWR/C1 - Incorrect ambient temperature readings

Starting on 11/21 the ambient temperature readings are intermittent and have spikes.
Site operators replaced the dew-blower on 12/11 and readings came back to normal

• tkair

• tkair

SGP/MWR/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• bbn23
• tkxc
• wet_window
• lon
• tnd_nom31
• tc31
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• tkbb
• lat
• sky31
• tc23
• time_offset
• bb31
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• bbn31
• tkair
• bb23
• tnd_nom23
• sky23
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• tnd23
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• base_time
• tnd31
• tknd
• alt

NSA/MWR/C1 - Spikes in air temperature readings

During this month there are occasional negative spikes in the Tkair variable. The problem 
may be corrosion in the temperature sensor or the infiltration of water from melting snow.
The dewblower was replaced and a new sensor installed

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - Missing surface air temperature data

Some wires in the dewblower were not correctly configured.

• tkair

• tkair

TWP/MWR/C1 - Short periods of wrong ambient temperature

During this month there are a few intermittent instances of bad ambient temperature 
readings. I will summarize here these short time ranges:
20080909 between 02:00 and 03:00 UTC
20080909 between 09:00 and 14:00 UTC

Additionally the ambient temperature has short but frequent data gaps.  The data gaps are 
very short (less than one hour). Users could interpolate missing data or use alternative 
sensors such as the surface meteorological data available for the site.

• tkair

• tkair

SGP/MWR/C1 - Increased noise in 31.4 GHz channel

The 31.4 GHz channel has been showing an increased level of noise which results in 
increased noise in the LWP retrievals. The instrument is tipping and all other parameters seem 
to be in the range. The elevate noise started in May, but it seems to have become slightly 
worse after summer. After November the noise level seems to have gone back to normal.

• liqtip
• tbsky31tip

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Incorrect brightness temperatures and retrievals

The brightness temperatures and retrieved PWV and LWP show a sudden jump and have values 
that are too high. The suddenly jump back to normal at around 1800 UTC. All other 
parameters seem reasonable so the cause of the jump may just be due to accumulation of either 
snow or melting ice on the radome.

• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkair

• vaptip
• liqtip
• tbskytip31
• tkair
• tbskytip23

TWP/MWR/C1 - Ambient temperature data missing

The ambient temperature readings (tkair) suddenly failed. The sensor was replaced on Feb 
6.

• tkair

• tkair

NSA/MWR/C1 - RFI screening test

The instrument was covered with a shield to test the effect on the RF interference that is 
affecting the measurements since February. The test was performed on 4/15 and 4/16 for a 
few hours.

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• sky23
• tkxc
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• tkbb
• bbn23
• tkair
• bb23
• sky31
• tnd_nom31
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• bbn31
• tnd23
• tknd
• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• wet_window
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• tnd31
• tc23
• actel
• tc31
• actaz

• tnd_nom23
• bb31
• tnd31I
• liqtip
• wet_window
• bbn31
• r31
• tkair
• tnd_nom31
• tknd
• tc23
• r23
• bbn23
• tkxc
• tnd23
• tc31
• actel
• tkbb
• tbskytip31
• actaz
• vaptip
• bb23
• tnd23I
• tipsky31
• tipsky23
• tbskytip23
• tnd31

NSA/MWR/C1 - High noise in 23.8-GHz channel

Starting approximately on February 13 the MWR experienced high level of noise in the 23.8 
GHz channel. The spikes became more prominent around Feb 17 and increased after that date 
as well. The cause of the interference was identified as the nearby MWRP on Oct 13 and 
the instruments were realigned.

• sky23
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)

• vaptip
• tipsky23
• tbskytip23

GRW/MWR/M1 - Loose mirror