SGP/SIRS/E16 - Diffuse Pyranometer Thermal Offsets

Broadband downwelling shortwave diffuse (sky) irradiance measurements available from SIRS
during the period of this Data Quality Report (DQR), require adjustment for thermal
offsets.  These thermal, or ?zero? offsets refer to the generally reduced output signals
from a shaded pyranometer due to the exchange of longwave (infrared) irradiance between
the single black thermopile detector, the protective glass domes surrounding the
detector, and the atmosphere. Originally considered an acceptable nighttime response of
thermopile-type pyranometers, the generally negative bias is now recognized to
significantly effect the accuracy of SIRS diffuse irradiance data during daylight
periods.

Studies of the Eppley Laboratory, Inc. Model PSP (Precision Spectral Pyranometer), used
for the SIRS   measurements of diffuse irradiance, suggest the thermal offset correction
can range from near 0 to as much as 30 Watts per square meter, depending on the
coincident net longwave, or infrared irradiance [1, 2].  Under very clear-sky conditions,
the diffuse irradiance from a shaded PSP can be less than the minimum physical limit
defined by radiative transfer model estimates based only on Rayleigh scattering effects.

A correction method has been developed for adjusting SIRS diffuse irradiance data [3]. 
The resulting Value Added Product (VAP) will be applied to SIRS data for the period of
this DQR.  The VAP will not be applied to SIROS data collected before the instrument
platform was converted to SIRS.

Additionally, the Model PSP radiometer has been replaced by a Model 8-48 which uses a
black and white thermopile detector known to reduce the thermal offset errors to less
than 2 Watts per square meter [3].  The radiometer replacement at this SIRS location was
completed on the ending date of this DQR.

References:
1. Gulbrandsen, A., 1978:  On the use of pyranometers in the study of spectral solar
radiation and atmospheric aerosols.  J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 899-904.
2. Cess, R. D., X. Jing, T. Qian, and M. Sun, 1999:  Validation strategies applied to the
measurement of total, direct and diffuse shortwave radiation at the surface.  J. Geophys.
Res.
3. Dutton, E.G., J. Michalsky, T. Stoffel, B. Forgan, J. Hickey, D. Nelson, T. Alberta,
and I. Reda, 2001:  Measurement of Broadband Diffuse Solar Irradiance Using Current
Commercial Instrumentation With a Correction for Thermal Offset Errors. J. Atmos. Oceanic
Tech.   Vol 18, No. 3, 297-314.   (March 2001)

• short_diffuse

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E18 - Diffuse Pyranometer Thermal Offsets

Broadband downwelling shortwave diffuse (sky) irradiance measurements available from SIRS
during the period of this Data Quality Report (DQR), require adjustment for thermal
offsets.  These thermal, or ?zero? offsets refer to the generally reduced output signals
from a shaded pyranometer due to the exchange of longwave (infrared) irradiance between
the single black thermopile detector, the protective glass domes surrounding the
detector, and the atmosphere. Originally considered an acceptable nighttime response of
thermopile-type pyranometers, the generally negative bias is now recognized to
significantly effect the accuracy of SIRS diffuse irradiance data during daylight
periods.

Studies of the Eppley Laboratory, Inc. Model PSP (Precision Spectral Pyranometer), used
for the SIRS   measurements of diffuse irradiance, suggest the thermal offset correction
can range from near 0 to as much as 30 Watts per square meter, depending on the
coincident net longwave, or infrared irradiance [1, 2].  Under very clear-sky conditions,
the diffuse irradiance from a shaded PSP can be less than the minimum physical limit
defined by radiative transfer model estimates based only on Rayleigh scattering effects.

A correction method has been developed for adjusting SIRS diffuse irradiance data [3]. 
The resulting Value Added Product (VAP) will be applied to SIRS data for the period of
this DQR.  The VAP will not be applied to SIROS data collected before the instrument
platform was converted to SIRS.

Additionally, the Model PSP radiometer has been replaced by a Model 8-48 which uses a
black and white thermopile detector known to reduce the thermal offset errors to less
than 2 Watts per square meter [3].  The radiometer replacement at this SIRS location was
completed on the ending date of this DQR.

References:
1. Gulbrandsen, A., 1978:  On the use of pyranometers in the study of spectral solar
radiation and atmospheric aerosols.  J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 899-904.
2. Cess, R. D., X. Jing, T. Qian, and M. Sun, 1999:  Validation strategies applied to the
measurement of total, direct and diffuse shortwave radiation at the surface.  J. Geophys.
Res.
3. Dutton, E.G., J. Michalsky, T. Stoffel, B. Forgan, J. Hickey, D. Nelson, T. Alberta,
and I. Reda, 2001:  Measurement of Broadband Diffuse Solar Irradiance Using Current
Commercial Instrumentation With a Correction for Thermal Offset Errors. J. Atmos. Oceanic
Tech.   Vol 18, No. 3, 297-314.   (March 2001)

• short_diffuse

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)

SGP/SIRS/E19 - Diffuse Pyranometer Thermal Offsets

Broadband downwelling shortwave diffuse (sky) irradiance measurements available from SIRS
during the period of this Data Quality Report (DQR), require adjustment for thermal
offsets.  These thermal, or ?zero? offsets refer to the generally reduced output signals
from a shaded pyranometer due to the exchange of longwave (infrared) irradiance between
the single black thermopile detector, the protective glass domes surrounding the
detector, and the atmosphere. Originally considered an acceptable nighttime response of
thermopile-type pyranometers, the generally negative bias is now recognized to
significantly effect the accuracy of SIRS diffuse irradiance data during daylight
periods.

Studies of the Eppley Laboratory, Inc. Model PSP (Precision Spectral Pyranometer), used
for the SIRS   measurements of diffuse irradiance, suggest the thermal offset correction
can range from near 0 to as much as 30 Watts per square meter, depending on the
coincident net longwave, or infrared irradiance [1, 2].  Under very clear-sky conditions,
the diffuse irradiance from a shaded PSP can be less than the minimum physical limit
defined by radiative transfer model estimates based only on Rayleigh scattering effects.

A correction method has been developed for adjusting SIRS diffuse irradiance data [3]. 
The resulting Value Added Product (VAP) will be applied to SIRS data for the period of
this DQR.  The VAP will not be applied to SIROS data collected before the instrument
platform was converted to SIRS.

Additionally, the Model PSP radiometer has been replaced by a Model 8-48 which uses a
black and white thermopile detector known to reduce the thermal offset errors to less
than 2 Watts per square meter [3].  The radiometer replacement at this SIRS location was
completed on the ending date of this DQR.

References:
1. Gulbrandsen, A., 1978:  On the use of pyranometers in the study of spectral solar
radiation and atmospheric aerosols.  J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 899-904.
2. Cess, R. D., X. Jing, T. Qian, and M. Sun, 1999:  Validation strategies applied to the
measurement of total, direct and diffuse shortwave radiation at the surface.  J. Geophys.
Res.
3. Dutton, E.G., J. Michalsky, T. Stoffel, B. Forgan, J. Hickey, D. Nelson, T. Alberta,
and I. Reda, 2001:  Measurement of Broadband Diffuse Solar Irradiance Using Current
Commercial Instrumentation With a Correction for Thermal Offset Errors. J. Atmos. Oceanic
Tech.   Vol 18, No. 3, 297-314.   (March 2001)

• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)

• short_diffuse

SGP/SIRS/E20 - Diffuse Pyranometer Thermal Offsets

Broadband downwelling shortwave diffuse (sky) irradiance measurements available from SIRS
during the period of this Data Quality Report (DQR), require adjustment for thermal
offsets.  These thermal, or ?zero? offsets refer to the generally reduced output signals
from a shaded pyranometer due to the exchange of longwave (infrared) irradiance between
the single black thermopile detector, the protective glass domes surrounding the
detector, and the atmosphere. Originally considered an acceptable nighttime response of
thermopile-type pyranometers, the generally negative bias is now recognized to
significantly effect the accuracy of SIRS diffuse irradiance data during daylight
periods.

Studies of the Eppley Laboratory, Inc. Model PSP (Precision Spectral Pyranometer), used
for the SIRS   measurements of diffuse irradiance, suggest the thermal offset correction
can range from near 0 to as much as 30 Watts per square meter, depending on the
coincident net longwave, or infrared irradiance [1, 2].  Under very clear-sky conditions,
the diffuse irradiance from a shaded PSP can be less than the minimum physical limit
defined by radiative transfer model estimates based only on Rayleigh scattering effects.

A correction method has been developed for adjusting SIRS diffuse irradiance data [3]. 
The resulting Value Added Product (VAP) will be applied to SIRS data for the period of
this DQR.  The VAP will not be applied to SIROS data collected before the instrument
platform was converted to SIRS.

Additionally, the Model PSP radiometer has been replaced by a Model 8-48 which uses a
black and white thermopile detector known to reduce the thermal offset errors to less
than 2 Watts per square meter [3].  The radiometer replacement at this SIRS location was
completed on the ending date of this DQR.

References:
1. Gulbrandsen, A., 1978:  On the use of pyranometers in the study of spectral solar
radiation and atmospheric aerosols.  J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 899-904.
2. Cess, R. D., X. Jing, T. Qian, and M. Sun, 1999:  Validation strategies applied to the
measurement of total, direct and diffuse shortwave radiation at the surface.  J. Geophys.
Res.
3. Dutton, E.G., J. Michalsky, T. Stoffel, B. Forgan, J. Hickey, D. Nelson, T. Alberta,
and I. Reda, 2001:  Measurement of Broadband Diffuse Solar Irradiance Using Current
Commercial Instrumentation With a Correction for Thermal Offset Errors. J. Atmos. Oceanic
Tech.   Vol 18, No. 3, 297-314.   (March 2001)

• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std

• short_diffuse

SGP/SIRS/E22 - Diffuse Pyranometer Thermal Offsets

Broadband downwelling shortwave diffuse (sky) irradiance measurements available from SIRS
during the period of this Data Quality Report (DQR), require adjustment for thermal
offsets.  These thermal, or ?zero? offsets refer to the generally reduced output signals
from a shaded pyranometer due to the exchange of longwave (infrared) irradiance between
the single black thermopile detector, the protective glass domes surrounding the
detector, and the atmosphere. Originally considered an acceptable nighttime response of
thermopile-type pyranometers, the generally negative bias is now recognized to
significantly effect the accuracy of SIRS diffuse irradiance data during daylight
periods.

Studies of the Eppley Laboratory, Inc. Model PSP (Precision Spectral Pyranometer), used
for the SIRS   measurements of diffuse irradiance, suggest the thermal offset correction
can range from near 0 to as much as 30 Watts per square meter, depending on the
coincident net longwave, or infrared irradiance [1, 2].  Under very clear-sky conditions,
the diffuse irradiance from a shaded PSP can be less than the minimum physical limit
defined by radiative transfer model estimates based only on Rayleigh scattering effects.

A correction method has been developed for adjusting SIRS diffuse irradiance data [3]. 
The resulting Value Added Product (VAP) will be applied to SIRS data for the period of
this DQR.  The VAP will not be applied to SIROS data collected before the instrument
platform was converted to SIRS.

Additionally, the Model PSP radiometer has been replaced by a Model 8-48 which uses a
black and white thermopile detector known to reduce the thermal offset errors to less
than 2 Watts per square meter [3].  The radiometer replacement at this SIRS location was
completed on the ending date of this DQR.

References:
1. Gulbrandsen, A., 1978:  On the use of pyranometers in the study of spectral solar
radiation and atmospheric aerosols.  J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 899-904.
2. Cess, R. D., X. Jing, T. Qian, and M. Sun, 1999:  Validation strategies applied to the
measurement of total, direct and diffuse shortwave radiation at the surface.  J. Geophys.
Res.
3. Dutton, E.G., J. Michalsky, T. Stoffel, B. Forgan, J. Hickey, D. Nelson, T. Alberta,
and I. Reda, 2001:  Measurement of Broadband Diffuse Solar Irradiance Using Current
Commercial Instrumentation With a Correction for Thermal Offset Errors. J. Atmos. Oceanic
Tech.   Vol 18, No. 3, 297-314.   (March 2001)

• short_diffuse

• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)

SGP/SIRS/E19 - Metadata errors

The latitude, longitude and altitude of the El Reno (E19) site were
incorrectly entered into the ARM database.  The correct location
of the SIRS.E19 instrument is:
   Lat: 35.557N
   Lon: 98.017W
   Alt:    421m

• alt
• lon
• lat

• lat
• lon
• alt

SGP/SIRS - SIRS E16 April 1999  (SERI-QC Results)

Data quality for this site is very good this month. Just under 100%                        
                                                                           - of the 
daytime data are present.  Passing or low-level flags are assigned to 95.4% of the present 
daytime data. On the mornings of the 5th and 6th low-level flags indicate that the DS is 
too low or the DD or NIP too high by the three-component test. The DS and DD were forced 
below daytime empirical limits by heavily overcast skies on the afternoon of the 13th, and 
again on the 24th. The NIP also went below empirical limits for a few minutes shortly 
after noon on the 13th.The DD filed is filled with "-99999" missing data for 43 minutes on 
the morning of the 21st. At 537 GMT on the 18th the UIR increases to nearly twice normal 
nighttime levels and becomes quite noisy. The signal does not recover by the end of the 
month. No problems were observed in the DIR or US signals.

• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• alt
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• lon
• lat
• up_long_dome_resist
• up_long_case_resist
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• down_long_dome_resist
• Observed direct-beam normal solar irradiance(nip)
• base_time
• down_long_case_resist
• time_offset
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• short_diffuse

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• vBatt
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_long_hemisp_max
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• up_long_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• base_time
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• down_long_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• short_direct_normal_std
• down_long_hemisp_min
• alt
• time_offset
• down_short_hemisp_std
• lon
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• lat
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS - SIRS E18 April 1999  (SERI-QC Results)

Data quality at this site is good this month. All of the daytime data are present. Passing 
or low-level flags are assigned to 90.6% of the present daytime data. Data labeled 
strange-but-true make up another 6.5% of the present daytime data. Low to moderate flags 
observed in the early morning hours indicate that the DS is too low by the three-component 
test, or that the NIP or DD is too high. Heavily overcast skies cause the DD and DS to fall 
below daytime empirical limits on a number of occasions. Just before noon on the 3rd, and 
again for a few minutes late in the afternoon on the 24th, the DS falls below daytime 
empirical limits, but the DD and NIP are (moderately) flagged too high by the two-component 
test (Gompertz boundaries.) Around noon on the 5th and 6th the DS is too low by the 
three-component test, but for a short time close to noon on the 5th the DS falls into the 
physically impossible region where Kn > Kt. No problems noted in the DIR, UIR or US signals.

• down_long_dome_resist
• short_diffuse
• base_time
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• time_offset
• lon
• down_long_case_resist
• Observed direct-beam normal solar irradiance(nip)
• lat
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• alt
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• up_long_case_resist
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• up_long_dome_resist

• down_long_hemisp_max
• time_offset
• lat
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• down_long_hemisp_std
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• up_long_hemisp_std
• base_time
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• short_direct_normal_std
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• lon
• vBatt
• alt
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• down_long_hemisp_min
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)

SGP/SIRS - SIRS E19 April 1999 (Part 2 of 7)

Missing data due to data ingest failure.

• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• short_direct_normal_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• down_long_hemisp_max
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• time_offset
• down_long_hemisp_min
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• up_short_hemisp_std
• lon
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• base_time
• up_long_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• down_long_hemisp_std
• alt
• vBatt
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• lat

• Observed direct-beam normal solar irradiance(nip)
• lon
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• lat
• up_long_dome_resist
• down_long_case_resist
• time_offset
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• down_long_dome_resist
• base_time
• up_long_case_resist
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• alt
• short_diffuse

SGP/SIRS - SIRS E19 April 1999 (Part 4 of 7)

Missing due to data ingest problems.

• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• short_direct_normal_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• down_long_hemisp_max
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• time_offset
• down_long_hemisp_min
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• up_short_hemisp_std
• lon
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• base_time
• up_long_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• down_long_hemisp_std
• alt
• vBatt
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• lat

• Observed direct-beam normal solar irradiance(nip)
• lon
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• lat
• up_long_dome_resist
• down_long_case_resist
• time_offset
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• down_long_dome_resist
• base_time
• up_long_case_resist
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• alt
• short_diffuse

SGP/SIRS - SIRS E19 April 1999 (Part 6 of 7)

Missing data due to problems with ingest.

• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• short_direct_normal_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• down_long_hemisp_max
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• time_offset
• down_long_hemisp_min
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• up_short_hemisp_std
• lon
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• base_time
• up_long_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• down_long_hemisp_std
• alt
• vBatt
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• lat

• Observed direct-beam normal solar irradiance(nip)
• lon
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• lat
• up_long_dome_resist
• down_long_case_resist
• time_offset
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• down_long_dome_resist
• base_time
• up_long_case_resist
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• alt
• short_diffuse

SGP/SIRS - SIRS E20 April 1999

Good data quality for this site this month. All data are present, and 92.5% of the present 
daytime data earn passing or low-level flags. Another 6.1% of the daytime data are 
flagged strange-but-true. Low-level flags in the early morning hours shortly after sunrise 
indicate that the DS is too low, or the NIP or DD too high by the three-component test. 
Low-level flags seen after noon in the second half of the month indicate that the DS is too 
high. The DS and DD are forced below daytime empirical limits by overcast skies on several 
occasions.  Moderate to serious flags shortly after noon on the 14th indicate that the 
DS signal is too high by the three-component test. On the 22nd at 1605 GMT the 10m tower 
was taken down for upgrade. The UIR and US signal fields will be filled with the data 
logger missing data flag, -99999, until the new tower is installed. Otherwise, data 
collection will continue as usual. No problems noted in DIR signal.

• alt
• short_direct_normal_std
• base_time
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• down_long_hemisp_max
• down_short_hemisp_std
• lat
• lon
• up_short_hemisp_std
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• down_long_hemisp_std
• time_offset
• down_long_hemisp_min
• up_long_hemisp_std
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• vBatt
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)

• base_time
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• up_long_dome_resist
• time_offset
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• alt
• lat
• down_long_case_resist
• short_diffuse
• Observed direct-beam normal solar irradiance(nip)
• lon
• up_long_case_resist
• down_long_dome_resist
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS - SIRS E22 April 1999

Data quality is excellent at this site this month. Present daytime data is at 100%. Just 
over 98% of the present daytime data earn passing or low-level flags.  In the first week 
of the month low-level flags indicate that the DS is too high by the three-component test, 
or that the DD or NIP is too low. Heavy cloud cover on several occasions caused the DS 
and DD to fall below daytime empirical limits. On the afternoon of the 14th the NIP fell 
below daytime empirical limits for a short time. Shortly before noon on the 26th the DS 
signal was above daytime empirical limits. No problems note in the DIR, UIR or US signals.

• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)
• up_long_dome_resist
• down_long_dome_resist
• Observed direct-beam normal solar irradiance(nip)
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• time_offset
• short_diffuse
• lat
• alt
• up_long_case_resist
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• down_long_case_resist
• lon
• base_time

• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• alt
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• lon
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• up_long_hemisp_std
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric(down_long_hemisp)
• time_offset
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• down_long_hemisp_min
• lat
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• short_direct_normal_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• down_long_hemisp_max
• down_long_hemisp_std
• vBatt
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• base_time
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)