NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Reprocess: PIR identified as unshaded is really shaded

On 5/15/02 the Global PIR was moved from the unshaded position on the Skyrad stand to a 
shaded spot on the tracker.  It is still using the same Logger channel as it did as an 
unshaded PIR even though it is now shaded.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp2)
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_tp
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_case_temp
• down_long_hemisp2_min
• inst_down_long_hemisp2_dome_temp
• down_long_hemisp2_std
• down_long_hemisp2_max

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Unshaded PIR data unreasonable

Periods of very large negative values. 
Negative readings of thermistors caused concurrent calculation 
in logger of temperature to fail.

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Unshaded PIR maintenance

During this time, the PIR unshaded was swapped on the SKYRAD stand.

• down_long_hemisp1_min
• down_long_hemisp1_std
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp1)
• down_long_hemisp1_max

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR data suspect

PIR shaded and PIR unshaded show unusual differences during this time period, frosting or 
icing is the most probable explanation but we don't know for sure.

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR data suspect

PIR shaded and PIR unshaded show unusual differences during this time period, frosting or 
icing is the most probable explanation but we don't know for sure.

• pir1_mean
• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Shaded PIR data unreasonable

Scientificly unreasonable data values, the problem disappeared after the datalogger was 
exchanged with the spare. The data logger was exchanged on 11/7 at 20:10 GMT.

• pirs_sd
• pirs_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max

• pirs_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max
• pirs_sd

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Shaded PIR data unreasonable

Periods of very large negative values. 
Negative readings of thermistors causes concurrent calculation 
in logger of temperature to fail.

• pirs_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max
• pirs_sd

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Corrupted Shaded PIR data

Erroneous data due to file truncation problem during logger download and corresponding 
ingest problems when the truncated lines were read. Problem was identified in a PIF 
submitted by Rune Storvold

• pirs_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max
• pirs_sd

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Shaded PIR data unreasonable

There was  a 10-25 W/m2 spike in data probably due to operator working around instrument 
or cleaning it.

• pirs_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max
• pirs_sd

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Unshaded and Shaded PIR data bad

Large unreasonable spikes and some missing data points. Cause of problem unknown.

• pirs_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max
• pirs_sd
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Unshaded and Shaded PIR data bad

Data during this time period is corrupted (seen as a dip in the measurements). During this 
time, the PIR unshaded was being replaced on the SKYRAD stand.
This work affected the shaded PIR as well due to the presence of the operators in it's 
field of view.

• pirs_mean
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean
• pir1_max
• pirs_sd
• pir1_sd
• pirs_min
• pirs_max

• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pirs_mean
• pir1_sd
• pirs_min
• pirs_sd
• pirs_max
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR data suspect

PIR shaded and PIR unshaded show unusual differences during this time period, frosting or 
icing is one possible explanation but we don't know.

• pirs_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max
• pirs_sd
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Corrupted Unshaded PIR data

Erroneous data due to file truncation problem during logger download and corresponding 
ingest problems when the truncated lines were read. Problem was identified in a PIF 
submitted by Rune Storvold

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR data suspect

PIR shaded and PIR unshaded show unusual differences during this time period, frosting or 
icing is one possible explanation but we don't know.

• pirs_mean
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean
• pir1_max
• pirs_sd
• pir1_sd
• pirs_min
• pirs_max

• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pirs_mean
• pir1_sd
• pirs_min
• pirs_sd
• pirs_max
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Shaded PIR data suspect

The instrument had incorrect calibration settings on two accounts: 1. From 12/09 to 12/12, 
the calibration was set incorrectly. 2. The dome correction coefficients were not 
properly set until the early morning of 12/14. The erroneous settings caused an error probably 
less than 4%.

• pirs_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max
• pirs_sd

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - PIR data suspect

The PIR unshaded and the PIR shaded have a persistent offset between them, ranging from 0 
to 10 W/m2. It is particularly apparent during clear sky. The line of sight of the PIRd 
is obstructed making it difficult to assess the problem. The instrument was moved to its 
proper location in early February. The problem seems to have resolved itself with the move.

• pirs_min
• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max
• pirs_sd
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Shaded PIR data incorrect

There were two sudden increases (about 50-100 W/m2) at 23:00 and 24:00.

• pirs_min
• pirs_mean
• pirs_max
• pirs_sd

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Spikes in Unshaded PIR data

There was  a 10-25 W/m2 spike in data probably due to operator working around instrument 
or cleaning it.

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Discontinuity in Unshaded PIR data

There was a sudden increase in irradiance (from 140 to 190 W/m2) at 02/03/99 23:00.

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Unshaded PIR data incorrect

Data from this time period is incorrect because instrument was swapped out for 
calibration and correct calibrations were not entered for replacement.  Some 
missing data during this time interval as well

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Unshaded PIR maintenance

Unreasonable data from 3/15 23:45 until 3/16 0:45 due to exchange of PIR instrument to the 
PIR spare (32054F3). This was done so the PIR could go to NOAA/CMDL in Boulder for 
calibration as part of the IPARSC II IOP and be included in this work.

• pir1_mean
• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Miscalibrated Unshaded PIR data

Calibration coefficient for PIR spare (32054F3) was updated on 3/25 2:35 GMT. The old PIR 
cal coefficient was used during this period. The PIR spare (32054F3) was calibrated by 
NOAA/CMDL in Boulder prior to the IOP and replacement on 3/16 when the original station PIR 
was shipped to Boulder for a post IOP calibration.

• pir1_mean
• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Noise in Unshaded PIR data

Noise increased and an offset from shaded PIR became apparent during this period.

• pir1_mean
• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Unshaded PIR maintenance

A new PIR was installed during  this time period by Phil Utley.

• pir1_mean
• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min

• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Unreasonable/missing PIR data due to maintenance

During this period, there are data gaps and the data that were
collected are unreasonable.  Instrument maintenance was being
performed

• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• net_std
• net_max
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• net_mean
• pir1_mean
• net_min
• net
• net_sd

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Noisy PIR Data

During the period referenced, the ground PIR was noisy in comparison to the sky PIR data.  
At the end of November, the noise increased to roughly 10 W/m2 from peak to peak.  After 
12/23/98, the noise decreased in amplitude but still had noisy patterns.  

On 01/17-18/99, there was an increase again in the noise level (4 GMT 01/17 - 5 GMT 
01/18). During this period the gndrad IRT data also exhibited noise patterns (the IRT was not 
operational).

In February, the instrument exhibited large noise variations again.  On 02/16, a wiring 
problem was corrected and the noise dropped back to 1-5 W/m2.  However, the noise levels 
began to increase again.

• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Noisy PIR Data

During the period referenced, the ground PIR was noisy in  
              comparison to the the sky PIR data.  (Note U021211.1 documents
              same problem for 9/1/98-2/28/99)

              The noise problem continued after the GNDRAD data logger was 
              replaced in late September. Particularly strong examples of the 
              noise can be seen in data from 11/10 - 11/19/99. The peak to 
              peak noise reaches 12 W/m2.

• pir1_mean
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_sd

• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - PIR1 Calibration problems resulted in small error

The dome correction coefficients were not properly reset in calibration file until the 
early morning of 12/15. These errors probably account for less than 4% in error.

• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - IRT instrument maintenance

IRT offline while instrument cable was being rebuilt.  Data are bad.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)

• irt1_max
• irt1_min
• irt1_sd
• irt1_mean

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - IRT data noisy

After re-installation of the IRT on 12/10/99, the data are noisy. Source of the noise is 
believed to be the heater connected directly to the IRT.  Instrument was taken offline on 
12/30/1999 and shipped back to PNNL for repair/testing.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)

• irt1_max
• irt1_min
• irt1_sd
• irt1_mean

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - PIR offline

The PIR was taken off line during this period; data recorded 
              during this period are garbage.

• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Instrument maintenance

Instrument replaced. Data affected by the work done during this time.

• pir1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Instrument Maintenance

Tip tower was lowered for instrument maintenance.  Data taken 
              during this period are corrupt.

• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd

• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• psp1_min
• psp1_max

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Unreasonable PSP Data

During the darkness in the middle of this night, the PSP had a
              signal of 15 W/m2 over a three hour long period.  Cause unknown.

• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd

• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• psp1_min
• psp1_max

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - PSP erroneously replaced by B&W

The PSP was erroneously replaced with a B&W on 6/13 and then 
              changed back to the PSP on 6/21. Data should still be good since
              appropriate calibration factors were applied.

• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd

• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• psp1_min
• psp1_max

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Instrument maintenance

The tip tower was lowered for instrument maintenance.  Data
              recorded are garbage.

• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd

• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• psp1_min
• psp1_max

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Bad calibrations applied

Bad data due to erroneous calibration constant in configuration 
              file

• pir1_mean
• psp1_sd
• pir1_sd
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• psp1_mean
• pir1_max
• pir1_min

• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Bad PSP calibrations applied

The ground radiation data are bad during this period due to 
              erroneous calibration factors in the logger configuration file.

• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• net_std
• net_max
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_max
• pir1_min
• net_mean
• pir1_mean
• net_min
• net
• net_sd

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Unexplained decrease in PSP and NET data values

100 W/m2 dip in the PSP data; NET data also affected. Possibly 
              due to operators working around the instruments.

• net
• net_min
• psp1_sd
• net_std
• net_mean
• net_sd
• psp1_min
• net_max
• psp1_max
• psp1_mean

• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• net_std
• net_max
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• net_mean
• net_min
• net
• net_sd

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Data corrupted by brief spike

There is a unreasonable spike at this time. Simultaneous spikes on the NET, the PSP, and 
the PIR. Cause unknown, but most likely related to data logger.

• net
• psp1_sd
• net_std
• net_mean
• net_max
• psp1_mean
• pir1_max
• net_min
• pir1_mean
• pir1_sd
• net_sd
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• pir1_min

• net_max
• psp1_min
• pir1_max
• net_mean
• net_min
• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• net_std
• psp1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean
• net
• net_sd

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Rad instruments shaded by shelter

Each day around 02:00 - 03:30 GMT there is a unexpected decrease 
              for the PSP irradiance measurement due to a shading problem 
              associated with the swing set location relative to the instrument 
              shelter.  The GNDRAD NET and MFR instrument data also reflects 
              this problem.  Problem was resolved when the GNDRAD instruments 
              were moved to the 10 meter tip tower.

• net
• psp1_sd
• net_std
• net_mean
• net_max
• psp1_mean
• pir1_max
• net_min
• pir1_mean
• pir1_sd
• net_sd
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• pir1_min

• net_max
• psp1_min
• pir1_max
• net_mean
• net_min
• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• net_std
• psp1_max
• pir1_sd
• pir1_min
• pir1_mean
• net
• net_sd

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - PSP Data corrupted by brief spike

Large unreasonable narrow spike in PSP data; cause not known.

• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd

• psp1_mean
• psp1_sd
• psp1_min
• psp1_max

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - NIP shaded by skyrad stand around local midnight

Around local midnight 9:30-10:30 GMT during summer clear sky the normal incidence 
pyranometer is shaded by the instrument stand.This causes the reading to be 0 W/m2. If cosine 
correction is applied for irradiance calulations this effect is negligible due to the low 
solar angle.

• nip_max
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - NIP shaded by skyrad stand around local midnight

Around local midnight 9:30-10:30 GMT during summer clear sky the normal incidence 
pyranometer is shaded by the instrument stand.This causes the reading to be 0 W/m2. If cosine 
correction is applied for irradiance calulations this effect is negligible due to the low 
solar angle.

• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• short_direct_normal_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)

• nip_max
• nip_sd
• nip_min
• nip_mean

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - PSP shaded by MFRSR after local midnight

Just past local midnight (11:00-11:40 GMT during summer clear sky) the global 
hemispherical pyranometer is shaded by the MFRSR instrument for about 40 minutes. This causes the 
reading to be 0 W/m2. This effect would be negligible in a daily average due to the low 
solar angle.

• psp1_sd
• psp1_mean
• psp1_min
• psp1_max

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - PSP shaded by MFRSR after local midnight

Just past local midnight (11:00-11:40 GMT during summer clear sky) the global 
hemispherical pyranometer is shaded by the MFRSR instrument for about 40 minutes. This causes the 
reading to be 0 W/m2. This effect would be negligible in a daily average due to the low 
solar angle.

• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)

• psp1_sd
• psp1_mean
• psp1_min
• psp1_max

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - No power to IRT

The data logger failed to supply power to the IRT.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1: Noisy PIR data at Barrow

PIR1 data is noisy throughout the entire period, though there is still a definite signal 
through the noise.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded_std
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded_std
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT measurements during precipitation events

The IRT measurement of sky/cloud temperature was in question during precipitation events 
because rain or snow could accumulate in the upward-pointed lens barrel. This was 
corrected by reorienting the IRT to measure the sky temperature as reflected by a gold mirror.

• sky_ir_temp_max
• sky_ir_temp_std
• sky_ir_temp_min
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT failed

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_std
• sky_ir_temp_max
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

• sky_ir_temp_max
• sky_ir_temp_std
• sky_ir_temp_min
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT incorrectly configured

The IRT was removed for repair and replaced with a
spare that was not configured properly.  Data are incorrect.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_std
• sky_ir_temp_max
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

• sky_ir_temp_max
• sky_ir_temp_std
• sky_ir_temp_min
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT incorrect min/max value

The values of valid_min and valid_max for field sky_ir_temp were incorrectly assigned to 
-49.7 and +50.0 C, respectively. The actual values should be -60 and +40 C.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_max
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT measurements during precipitation events

The IRT measurement of sky/cloud temperature was in question during
precipitation events because rain or snow could accumulate in the
upward-pointed lens barrel. This was corrected by reorienting the
IRT to measure the sky temperature as reflected by a gold mirror.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_std
• sky_ir_temp_max
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - IRT cable failure

The IRT signal became very noisy and the problem was traced to the cable (after the 
instrument was returned to the vendor for diagnosis). The problem started occurring when ice 
surrounding the cable began to melt. The cable was repaired and the instrument reinstalled.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - IRT returned to vendor

The IRT was returned to the vendor for diagnosis. It was found to be operating as expected 
and the signal noise problem was traced to the cable. The cable was repaired and the 
instrument reinstalled.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - NSA B&W nighttime offset in Barrow too large

This problem only became apparent as NSA C1 nights became long enough for full darkness. 
The shaded global diffuse instrument (Eppley 8-48) showed a negative nighttime offset 
larger than the expected 0 to -4 W/m2. Typically -5 to -8 W/m2. This size of offset is not 
uncommon with Eppley PSPs but not observed with Eppley 8-48s.  The problem was corrected 
with replacement of mounting screws which were creating a ground loop.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• psps_sd
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• psps_mean
• psps_min
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• psps_max

• psps_max
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• psps_sd
• psps_mean
• psps_min

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Noisy PIR data at Barrow

PIR1 data is noisy throughout the entire period, though there is still a definite signal 
through the noise.

• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Downwelling IRT bias

The downwelling IRT was measuring higher sky/cloud temperatures than the AERI. The problem 
was corrected when the mirror was replaced.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_std
• sky_ir_temp_max
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - direct normal pyhrheliometer (NIP)shaded by WWRp

Direct normal radiation values drop nearly to zero from about 1515 GMT - 1525 GMT from 
4/05 to 4/16 2004.  Field observation reveals the WWRp is shading the NIP instrument during 
this time.  This shading event was expected to occur several months after the soltice as 
well but archive data showed no shading on or around 8/30/2004.  The direct normal 
instrument was apparently only shaded during the time period noted.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• short_direct_normal_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Tracker Inoperative

A blown fuse resulted in the tracker not shading the PIR and B&W
and the NIP not following the sun.

• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• short_direct_normal_std
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - itermittant IRT bias

A problem with the SKYRAD IRT that itermittantly produced a gradual increase in the sky 
temperature measurement then a sudden correction, as compared to AERI, appears to have been 
caused by a combination of a failing IR detector, a poor signal cable, a contaminated 
(with condensation or frost) mirror or lens, and low ambient temperatures. The positive 
bias was apparently not consistant in either frequency or duration but on days when the 
unusual behavior is observed, it usually occurred from about 00:00 to 06:00 local time. 

The instrument was repaired and recalibrated and the signal cable replaced.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_std
• sky_ir_temp_max
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Frosting and Condensation

The operators in both Barrow and Atqasuk reported significant ice buildup during nights 
for the period specified, with the ice melting during the days. This condition is reported 
in preventative maintenance reports as continuing until on or near 5/18/2004. However, 
review of data shows no discernable radiometer icing.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• down_long_hemisp_unshaded_std
• sky_ir_temp_min
• psps_mean
• sky_ir_temp_max
• psps_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• pirs_mean
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• uvb_mean
• nip_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• pirs_min
• pir1_sd
• short_direct_normal_std
• pirs_max
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• psps_sd
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_max)
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• pir1_mean
• nip_max
• psp1_mean
• sky_ir_temp_std
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer(down_uvb)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• irt1_mean
• uvb_min
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• down_uvb_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• nip_mean
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Maxima(down_uvb_max)
• uvb_sd
• down_short_hemisp_std
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• uvb_max
• pirs_sd
• irt1_min
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• psp1_sd
• irt1_max
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_unshaded)
• nip_sd
• pir1_min
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Minima(down_uvb_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded_std
• psps_max
• irt1_sd
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• pir1_max
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min

• pir2_dome_therm
• inst_down_long_unshaded_case_resist
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)
• Irradiance, ultraviolet, downwelling (UV Biometer)(inst_down_uvb_irradiance)
• inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist
• pir2_uncorr_irradiance
• inst_down_uvb_temp
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist
• uvb_temp
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_unshaded_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist
• uvb_uncorr_irradiance
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• pir2_case_therm
• pir1_uncorr_irradiance
• pir1_case_therm
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• pir1_dome_therm
• inst_down_long_unshaded_dome_resist

NSA/METTWR/C1 - power outage at 40m level

40m level lost power so no data was collected from this level.

• Wind speed, mean, at 40-m height(WS40M_S_WVT)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• Relative humidity, average, at 40-m height(RH40M_AVG)
• Volt40M_AVG
• Temperature, air, average, at 40-m height(T40M_AVG)
• RefT40M_AVG
• WD40M_SDU_WVT
• RH40M_STD
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 40-m height(DP40M_AVG)
• T40M_STD
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WS40M_U_WVT)
• VP40M_STD
• Pressure, vapor, at 40-m height(VP40M_AVG)
• DP40M_STD

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Chilled Mirror transmit logic board chipset unsuited for Arctic 
temperatures

Data missing due to problems with manufacturer's transmit logic board chipset.  They were 
generic chips not rated for Arctic temperatures.

• SatVPCMH
• CMHDP
• CMHTemp
• CMHRH

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Dew Point and RH data Incorrect

The Chilled Mirror Dew Point reported negative dew point values.  This caused the RH to be 
much lower than reality also.  Compared to the 2m level the RH and dew point from the 
CMH are incorrect.  Mirror was dirty, it was removed, cleaned and recalibrated.

• CMHDP
• CMHRH

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - IRT power failure

After performing corrective maintenance which involved turning off power to the GNDRAD 
instruments and data logger, power to the IRT was not restored. The problem was corrected by 
replacing the data logger.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Instrument problem, Contamination, False signal

Heavy, wet and blowing snow and ice caused measurement problems with the sonic anemometer 
mounted at the 2m level.  Erroneous readings caused both the wind speed and direction 
values to be reported anomolously.  Once the heavy, wet snow and ice stopped the readings 
returned to normal.

• SonicWD_SDU_WVT
• SonicWS_U_WVT
• SonicWS_S_WVT
• SonicS_AVG
• SonicY_AVG
• SonicWD_DU_WVT
• SonicX_AVG

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 20m Temperature/RH Sensor Failing

The 20m temperature and RH sensor began reading high on 20040719.
Aspirator fan failure caused a portion of the high reading.  New fan
failed to correct for all errors.  Sensor replaced on 20040908 with
recently calibrated sensor.

• DP20M_STD
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 20-m height(DP20M_AVG)
• Pressure, vapor, at 20-m height(VP20M_AVG)
• Temperature, air, average, at 20-m height(T20M_AVG)
• RH20M_STD
• Relative humidity, average, at 20-m height(RH20M_AVG)
• VP20M_STD
• T20M_STD

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Frosting/Condensation

The GNDRAD PIR and IRT comparison was showing the IRT 2-4 W/m^2 greater than the PIR.  
Suspected snow or frost on the instrument(s).  Corrective maintenance performed 10/15/04 at 
21:30 UT.  Optics of both instruments were cleaned.  Upwelling longwave measurement 
agreement restored (+/- 5 W/^2).

Although the relative performance (agreement) of the two instruments improved after 
corrective maintenance (+/- 2 W/m^2), no correction is suggested because the agreement remains 
with the estimated measurement uncertainty of +/- 4 W/m^2 (IRT) and +/-10 W/m^2 (Inverted 
PIR)

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• net_std
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• up_long_hemisp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Radiation, longwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_long_hemisp)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• pir1_case_therm
• inst_up_long_hemisp_tp
• inst_up_long_case_resist
• pir1_dome_therm
• pir1_voltage
• inst_up_long_dome_resist

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Sonic - Instrument problem, Contamination, False signal

Heavy, wet and blowing snow and ice caused measurement problems with the sonic anemometer 
mounted at the 2m level.  Erroneous readings caused both the wind speed and direction 
values to be reported anomolously.	Once the heavy, wet snow and ice stopped the readings 
returned to normal.

• SonicWD_SDU_WVT
• SonicWS_U_WVT
• SonicWS_S_WVT
• SonicS_AVG
• SonicY_AVG
• SonicWD_DU_WVT
• SonicX_AVG

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Instrument problem, Frosting/Condensation

The 2m T & RH values were not in very good agreement with the CMH data or the other tower 
levels.  A failed aspirator fan caused the readings to be incorrect.

• Temperature, dew point, average, at 2-m height(DP2M_AVG)
• Temperature, air, average, at 2-m height(T2M_AVG)
• RH2M_STD
• Relative humidity, average, at 2-m height(RH2M_AVG)
• DP2M_STD
• T2M_STD
• VP2M_STD
• Pressure, vapor, at 2-m height(VP2M_AVG)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - All 10m level Data Missing

After prolonged power outage and many power spikes during the outage all data from the 10m 
level are missing.  Blown fuse on the power supply was replaced once the temperatures 
warmed enough to allow the lowering of the tower carriages.

• Pressure, vapor, at 10-m height(VP10M_AVG)
• RH10M_STD
• T10M_STD
• Wind speed, mean, at 10-m height(WS10M_S_WVT)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• VP10M_STD
• DP10M_STD
• WD10M_SDU_WVT
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 10-m height(DP10M_AVG)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WS10M_U_WVT)
• RefT10m_AVG
• Relative humidity, average, at 10-m height(RH10M_AVG)
• Temperature, air, average, at 10-m height(T10M_AVG)
• Volt10M_AVG

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Instrument problem

2m wind direction reporting only 236 degrees.  Sensor failure.

• WD2M_SDU_WVT
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WD2M_DU_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Reprocess: Incorrect windspeed units

Power fluctuations caused the Ultrasonic wind sensor to revert to default setting of 
reporting wind speed in mph.  Setting was changed back to m/s.

• SonicWS_U_WVT
• SonicWS_S_WVT
• SonicS_AVG
• SonicY_AVG
• SonicX_AVG

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Instrument problem, Contamination, False signal

Data in error due to heavy snow during blizzard conditions.

• SonicWD_SDU_WVT
• SonicWS_U_WVT
• SonicWS_S_WVT
• SonicS_AVG
• SonicY_AVG
• SonicWD_DU_WVT
• SonicX_AVG

NSA/C1 - Site-wide power failure

The Barrow facility experienced a site-wide power failure on 12/13.  Power was restored to 
most instruments between 2250 and 2330 GMT.

• Backscatter, doppler spectrum, 915 MHz RWP(spc_amp)
• alt
• plen
• ncoh
• tditime
• bswitch
• time_offset
• nspc
• sitime
• vband
• bins
• elevation
• dly
• lon
• nheight
• sampr
• base_time
• height_t
• range_gate
• prf
• rgs
• oband
• pcbits
• vsr
• spcavetim
• ipp
• beam
• lat
• rgl
• rgf

• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• lon
• nspc
• power
• avgint
• rgs
• snr3
• snr4
• snr0
• snr1
• snr2
• dly
• vvsr
• Wind direction, horizontal, at altitude, 915 MHz RWP(dir)
• oband
• tditime
• rgl
• rgf
• range_gate
• ncoh
• time_offset
• lat
• prf
• base_time
• ovsr
• azimuth1
• azimuth0
• azimuth3
• azimuth2
• Beam 2 radial wind speed(vel2)
• Beam 1 radial wind speed(vel1)
• azimuth4
• Beam 4 radial wind speed(vel4)
• Beam 3 radial wind speed(vel3)
• sampr
• Beam 0 radial wind speed(vel0)
• ipp
• nrcns4
• nrcns3
• nrcns2
• nrcns1
• nrcns0
• ncns1
• ncns0
• ncns3
• ncns2
• ncns4
• sitime
• Wind speed, horizontal, at altitude, 915 MHz RWP(spd)
• plen
• spcavetim
• alt
• nheight
• nrec0
• nrec1
• nrec2
• nrec3
• nrec4
• elevation0
• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• elevation2
• elevation1
• elevation4
• elevation3
• height_p
• vband
• pcbits
• bswitch

• Radiation, longwave, downwelling radiance, 0.5 cm-1 resolution, 3.3-5.5 um(mean_rad)
• AERIunitNumber
• calibratedSceneID
• timeHHMMSS
• wnum2
• Time_UTC_hours
• systemReleaseNumber
• channelNumber
• time_offset
• base_time
• alt
• Longitude
• BBsupportStructureTemp
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• missingDataFlag
• calibrationCBBtemp
• instrumentUnitNumber
• Latitude
• sceneMirrorAngle
• dateYYMMDD
• calibrationAmbientTemp
• atmosphericPressure
• wnum
• outsideAirTemp
• calibrationHBBtemp
• lat
• hatchOpen
• JulianDay
• sceneViewDuration
• standard_dev_mean_rad
• time
• lon
• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• Altitude

• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• wet_window
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temperature, 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• tkbb
• alt
• tnd_nom31
• tnd_nom23
• bb23
• bb31
• time_offset
• tc23
• tc31
• tknd
• lat
• actel
• tnd23
• tnd31
• tkxc
• Temperature, brightness, longwave(ir_temp)
• sky23
• bbn23
• base_time
• sky31
• bbn31
• actaz
• tkair
• lon
• Total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Total water vapor along LOS path(vap)

• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• skyViewStdDevRadiance675_680
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp675_680)
• JulianDay
• SWskyNENacceptable
• channelNumber
• calibrationAmbientTemp
• LW_HBB_NEN
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance2282_2287)
• LWskyNEN
• Latitude
• lon
• systemReleaseNumber
• skyViewStdDevRadiance985_990
• AERI LW Scene Radiance Spectral Averages (Ch1)(SkyRadianceSpectralAveragesCh1)
• AERI SW Scene Radiance Spectral Averages (Ch2)(SkyRadianceSpectralAveragesCh2)
• outsideAirTemp
• wnumsum7
• wnumsum6
• wnumsum5
• wnumsum4
• wnumsum3
• wnumsum2
• wnumsum1
• wnumsum9
• wnumsum8
• HBB2minNENestimateNo1Ch1
• HBB2minNENestimateNo1Ch2
• HBBstable
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowRadiance985_990)
• LWresponsivity
• maxSampleStdDev
• lat
• Altitude
• dataAvailable
• instrumentUnitNumber
• time_offset
• calibrationHBBtemp
• atmosphericPressure
• LWskyNENacceptable
• Radiation, longwave, radiances, SD, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 5.5-18 um(SkyUniformityCh1)
• Radiation, longwave, radiances, SD, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 3.3-5.5 um(SkyUniformityCh2)
• time
• calibratedSceneID
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• sceneViewDuration
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 3.3-5.5 um(SkyBrightnessTempSpectralAveragesCh2)
• sceneMirPosEncoderDrift
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, 25 cm-1 spectral avgs, 5.5-18 um(SkyBrightnessTempSpectralAveragesCh1)
• ResponsivitySpectralAveragesCh1
• ResponsivitySpectralAveragesCh2
• SkyNENCh1
• SkyNENCh2
• hatchOpen
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp2282_2287)
• SW_HBB_NEN
• sceneMirrorAngle
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowRadiance2510_2515)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp700_705)
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowAirTemp2510_2515)
• HBB2minNENestimateNo2Ch2
• HBB2minNENestimateNo2Ch1
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• dateYYMMDD
• alt
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance2295_2300)
• base_time
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp2295_2300)
• SWskyNEN
• wnumsum11
• wnumsum12
• wnumsum13
• wnumsum14
• wnumsum10
• skyViewStdDevRadiance700_705
• SWresponsivity
• Longitude
• HBBtempDrift
• sunSensorIntensity
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance675_680)
• missingDataFlag
• ABBmaxTempDiff
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance700_705)
• HBBmaxTempDiff
• timeHHMMSS
• AERIunitNumber
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• frontEndFanAirTempDiff
• calibrationCBBtemp
• Time_UTC_hours
• rainSensorIntensity
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowAirTemp985_990)

• base_time
• rgs
• noise
• snr
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• Temperature, virtual, profile, merged from 50 and 915 MHz RASS(virtual_temp)
• mdf
• smdf
• lon
• time_offset
• sampr
• Spectral Width(specw)
• alt
• ssnr
• sspecw
• lat

• lon
• Time_UTC_hours
• atmosphericPressure
• JulianDay
• sceneMirrorAngle
• hatchOpen
• outsideAirTemp
• Longitude
• dateYYMMDD
• time
• sceneViewDuration
• Radiation, longwave, downwelling radiance, 0.5 cm-1 resolution, 3.3-5.5 um(mean_rad)
• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• timeHHMMSS
• base_time
• calibrationCBBtemp
• Latitude
• calibrationHBBtemp
• missingDataFlag
• instrumentUnitNumber
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• systemReleaseNumber
• channelNumber
• wnum2
• lat
• BBsupportStructureTemp
• standard_dev_mean_rad
• Altitude
• wnum
• calibratedSceneID
• AERIunitNumber
• alt
• time_offset
• calibrationAmbientTemp

• range_bin_time
• background_signal
• time
• shots_summed
• lat
• voltage_15
• max_altitude
• voltage_05
• voltage_10
• pulse_rep
• instrument_temp
• detector_temp
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• laser_temp
• time_offset
• range_offset
• range
• filter_temp
• Preliminary cloud base height(preliminary_cbh)
• energy_monitor
• alt
• range_bins
• detector_counts
• base_time
• lon
• range_bin_width

• status_string
• Backscatter(backscatter)
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• tilt_angle
• base_time
• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• detection_status
• alt_highest_signal
• window_contamination
• receiver_sensitivity
• Vertical visibility(vertical_visibility)
• laser_temperature
• alt
• time_offset
• filename
• lat
• laser_pulse_energy
• sum_backscatter
• status_flag
• lon
• background_light
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• measurement_parameters
• range

• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• sampr
• rgs
• lat
• lon
• base_time
• time_offset
• alt
• Backscatter, doppler spectrum, 915 MHz RWP(spc_amp)
• bins

• SNR Corrected Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(snr_virtual_temp_corr)
• ncns_virtual_temp
• SNR Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(snr_virtual_temp)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• rgs
• ncns_vert_v
• ncns_virtual_temp_corr
• time_offset
• Temperature, virtual, profile, merged from 50 and 915 MHz RASS(virtual_temp)
• Wind speed, vertical velocity, at altitude, 915 MHz RWP(vert_v)
• lat
• nrcns
• base_time
• SNR Vertical wind velocity(snr_vert_v)
• sampr
• lon
• Temperature, virtual, at altitude, 10-min cons. avg, corrected, 915 MHz RWP/RASS(virtual_temp_corr)
• avgint
• alt
• nrec

• BBcontroller2temp
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance2295_2300
• ABBtempOffset
• HBBmaxTempDiff
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance2510_2515
• detectorTemp
• coadditionsCount
• calibrationHBBtemp
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance675_680)
• HBBapexTemp
• skyViewStdDevRadiance985_990
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• systemReleaseNumber
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• base_time
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance985_990
• timeHHMMSS
• sceneMirrorAngle
• LW_HBB_NEN
• spareTemp
• HBBstable
• Latitude
• sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp2282_2287)
• channelNumber
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance700_705
• outsideAirTemp
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• rackAmbientTemp
• calibratedSceneID
• frontEndFanAirHeatedTemp
• HBBtempOffset
• instrumentUnitNumber
• ABBtopTemp
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance700_705
• fixed2500ohmResistor
• missingDataFlag
• time_offset
• fixed97KohmResistor
• LWskyNEN
• HBBapexTempWeight
• ABBbottomTempWeight
• expandedInterferogramSize
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowAirTemp2510_2515)
• coolerCurrent
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance700_705
• HBBbottomTemp
• frontEndFanAirUnheatedTemp
• computerTemp
• lon
• LWresponsivity
• calibrationAmbientTemp
• interferometerSecondPortTemp
• skyViewStdDevRadiance700_705
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerAirTemp700_705)
• interferometerEnclosureRelativeHumidity
• originalInterferogramSize
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance985_990
• maxSampleStdDev
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 2510-2515 cm-1(shortwaveWindowRadiance2510_2515)
• motorDriverTemp
• SWskyNENlimit
• Longitude
• alt
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance675_680
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• ABBapexTemp
• hatchOpen
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance2282_2287
• ABBbottomTemp
• AERIunitNumber
• Altitude
• LWskyNENacceptable
• sceneMirPosCount
• sceneMirrorMotorStep
• SWresponsivity
• lat
• originalLaserWavenumber
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp2295_2300)
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowRadiance985_990)
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance675_680
• BBsupportStructureTemp
• HBBviewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• sceneMirPosEncoder
• rainSensorIntensity
• twoMinuteNoiseEstimateFactor
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance985_990
• SCEtemp
• sceneViewDuration
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• skyViewImaginaryRadiance675_680
• BBcontroller1temp
• dateYYMMDD
• HBBtopTempWeight
• airNearBBsTemp
• ABBmaxTempDiff
• HBBtempDriftLimit
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, surface air, mean, 2295-2300 cm-1(surfaceLayerRadiance2295_2300)
• BBcavityFactor
• coolerCompressorTemp
• sceneMirrorTemp
• coolerExpanderTemp
• coolerPowerSupplyTemp
• dataAvailable
• skyViewStdDevRadiance675_680
• Time_UTC_hours
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, atmospheric window, mean, 985-990 cm-1(longwaveWindowAirTemp985_990)
• HBBtempDrift
• sunSensorIntensity
• atmosphericRelativeHumidity
• sceneMirrorPosition
• ABBviewStdDevRadiance2510_2515
• atmosphericPressure
• HBBtopTemp
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2282_2287
• SWskyNENacceptable
• time
• JulianDay
• ABBapexTempWeight
• Radiation, longwave, brightness temp, surface air, mean, 675-680 cm-1(surfaceLayerAirTemp675_680)
• SW_HBB_NEN
• ABBtopTempWeight
• LWskyNENlimit
• fixed12KohmResistor
• SWskyNEN
• airNearInterferometerTemp
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 700-705 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance700_705)
• mirrorMotorTemp
• Radiation, longwave, radiance, elevated air, mean, 2282-2287 cm-1(elevatedLayerRadiance2282_2287)
• FFOVhalfAngle
• interferometerWindowTemp
• sceneMirPosEncoderDrift
• skyViewStdDevRadiance2295_2300
• HBBbottomTempWeight
• calibrationCBBtemp
• outputLaserWavenumber
• opticsCompartmentRelativeHumidity
• numberOfTerms
• frontEndFanAirTempDiff

• range_bin_time
• detector_temp
• total_counts
• scalar_sync_offset
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• transceiver_azimuth_angle
• time_offset
• laser_sync_offset
• Preliminary cloud base height(preliminary_cbh)
• voltage_10
• voltage_15
• voltage_05
• trigger_freq
• time
• instrument_temp
• shots_sum
• filter_temp
• Backscatter(backscatter)
• alt
• lon
• base_time
• pulse_rep
• background_signal
• deadtime_correction
• laser_scalar_sync_offset
• lat
• range
• max_altitude
• range_bin_width
• energy_monitor
• range_offset
• shots_summed
• property
• laser_temp
• transceiver_altitude_angle
• range_bins

• ReceiverNumber
• CalCheckTime
• RxCalTimeStamp
• TWTStatusCode
• DCFilterONOFF
• base_time
• NumCodeBits
• MMCR Mean Doppler Velocity(MeanDopplerVelocity)
• WindowingONOFF
• NumFFT
• ReceiverMode
• GateSpacing
• NumHeights
• heights
• CalCheckLevel
• PulseWidth
• NumSpectralAverages
• SkyNoiseLevel
• Power
• DataQualityStatus
• SignalToNoiseRatio
• ClutterHeight
• ModeNum
• NumCoherentIntegrations
• MinimumDetectableReflectivity
• time_offset
• Cloud, reflectivity, at altitude(Reflectivity)
• Rx290KLevel
• lon
• NyquistVelocity
• ModeDescription
• PeakTransmittedPowerAvg
• TimeAvg
• StartGateDelay
• InterPulsePeriod
• lat
• alt
• RxGain
• time
• NumReceivers
• RangeCorrectedPower
• MMCR Spectral Width(SpectralWidth)
• AvgNoiseLevel
• NoiseLevel
• CircularDepolarizationRatio
• RadarConstant

• lat
• SonicWD_SDU_WVT
• RH10M_STD
• VP10M_STD
• Relative humidity, average, at 10-m height(RH10M_AVG)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WS10M_U_WVT)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 2-m height(DP2M_AVG)
• Pressure, vapor, at 2-m height(VP2M_AVG)
• Pressure, vapor, at 20-m height(VP20M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 10-m height(DP10M_AVG)
• CMHTemp
• VP20M_STD
• DP20M_STD
• Wind speed, mean, at 2-m height(WS2M_S_WVT)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WS2M_U_WVT)
• RefT10m_AVG
• DP40M_STD
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• Wind speed, mean, at 40-m height(WS40M_S_WVT)
• time
• RefT40M_AVG
• DP10M_STD
• PWSAlarm
• WD40M_SDU_WVT
• alt
• RefT2M_AVG
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WS20M_U_WVT)
• SatVPCMH
• PwCod1hr
• lon
• Temperature, air, average, at 10-m height(T10M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 20-m height(DP20M_AVG)
• SonicS_AVG
• T40M_STD
• VPCMH
• DP2M_STD
• RH40M_STD
• RefT20M_AVG
• VP40M_STD
• PcpRate
• base_time
• Pressure, atmospheric(AtmPress)
• SonicX_AVG
• Visibility, 1 minute average(AvgVis1mi)
• WD2M_SDU_WVT
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• Visibility, 10 minute average(AvgVis10m)
• CMHDP
• Temperature, air, average, at 20-m height(T20M_AVG)
• T10M_STD
• CumH2O
• CumSnow
• PwCod15mi
• T20M_STD
• Volt10M_AVG
• SonicY_AVG
• Relative humidity, average, at 40-m height(RH40M_AVG)
• WD10M_SDU_WVT
• WD20M_SDU_WVT
• SonicWD_DU_WVT
• Temperature, air, average, at 40-m height(T40M_AVG)
• Wind speed, mean, at 10-m height(WS10M_S_WVT)
• Pressure, vapor, at 10-m height(VP10M_AVG)
• InstPwCod
• Volt40M_AVG
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• RH2M_STD
• Batt_Volt
• Relative humidity, average, at 2-m height(RH2M_AVG)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WS40M_U_WVT)
• T2M_STD
• Temperature, air, average, at 2-m height(T2M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 40-m height(DP40M_AVG)
• VP2M_STD
• time_offset
• SonicWS_U_WVT
• RH20M_STD
• Pressure, vapor, at 40-m height(VP40M_AVG)
• Relative humidity, average, at 20-m height(RH20M_AVG)
• Wind speed, mean, at 20-m height(WS20M_S_WVT)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WD2M_DU_WVT)
• Volt20M_AVG
• Volt2M_AVG
• SonicWS_S_WVT
• CMHRH

• azimuth
• Density, water vapor, prof. from sfc.-10 km, der. from Tbright stat. retrvl.(waterVaporDensity)
• alt
• frequency
• Temperature, air, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceTemperature)
• elevation
• Liquid water content, cloud, vert. prof. sfc.-10km, from Tbright stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterContent)
• Humidity, relative, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• Water vapor, tot. precipitable, from Tbright, 23.835 & 30.0 GHz, stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• Pressure, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• Liquid water path, from Tbright at 23.835 and 30.0 GHz only, using stat. retrvl.(liquidWaterPath2)
• Water vapor, total precipitable, derived from Tbright using stat. retrvl.(totalPrecipitableWater)
• base_time
• totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError
• Temperature, virtual, vert. prof. sfc-10km, fr. wtr. vap. dens. and temp. prof.(virtualTemperature)
• Density, water vapor, at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• liquidWaterContentRmsError
• blackbodyTemperature
• Height, level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Retrieved dewpoint temperature(dewpointTemperature)
• lon
• time
• temperatureRmsError
• Retrieved water vapor mixing ratio(waterVaporMixingRatio)
• Air temperature(temperature)
• time_offset
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Height, lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Height, cloud base, height where IR temp. matches retrieved temp. profile(cloudBaseHeight)
• Humidity, relative, prof. from sfc.-10km, from water vap. dens. and temp. prof.(relativeHumidity)
• Height, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• Barometric pressure(pressure)
• Pressure, barometric. at instrument height (1 or 2 m)(surfacePressure)
• Liquid water path, from brightness temperatures using statistical retrieval(liquidWaterPath)
• Pressure, associated geometric height, at altitude, NGM model output(height)
• lat
• liquidWaterPathRmsError
• Pressure, equilibrium level(equilibriumLevelPres)
• totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError
• waterVaporDensityRmsError
• infraredTemperature
• dataQualityFlags
• Pressure, level of free convection(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• Energy, potential, convective, available, from RUC model(cape)
• liquidWaterPath2RmsError
• wetWindowFlag

• snr
• oband
• bswitch
• lon
• beam
• base_time
• vband
• spcavetime
• pcbits
• ipp
• mdf
• plen
• nheight
• alt
• dly
• time_offset
• vsr
• elevation
• nspc
• Spectral Width(specw)
• sitime
• ncoh
• tditime
• range_gate
• prf
• noise
• height_t
• lat
• sampr
• rgl
• rgs
• rgf

• tbskytip31
• tnd23I
• tbskytip23
• r31
• lon
• r23
• lat
• tnd23
• tnd31
• wet_window
• tknd
• tkxc
• alt
• tkbb
• bb23
• time_offset
• bb31
• tc31
• base_time
• tnd31I
• tc23
• tnd_nom23
• tnd_nom31
• actaz
• liqtip
• actel
• tipsky31
• tipsky23
• tkair
• vaptip
• bbn31
• bbn23

• JPEG data stream - documentation not yet available

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH data intermittently poor

CMH aspirator fan intermittently failed causing higher than actual 
             temperature and dew point readings.

• VPCMH
• SatVPCMH
• CMHDP
• CMHTemp
• CMHRH

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Incorrect Maximum for Precip Values

The max values for cumulative rain sum of 99 mm and the rain rate of 999 mm/hr are 
incorrect.  In communication with the manufacturer it has been found that the manual was in 
error.  The actual max values of the cumulative rain sum is 99.99 mm and the rain rate is 
999.99 mm/hr.

• PcpRate
• CumH2O

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Datalogger grounding problem

Both PIRs reported unreasonable high readings with coincident low reading from the IRT. 
Since both PIR instruments exhibited exactly the same behaviour and the IRT an opposite 
response during large suspect data excursions this indicates that the false signal maybe the 
result of poor grounding. 

The PIR1,2 data and the IRT data are most adversely affected.  During the problem periods 
PIR irradiance increased (typ pos 200-300W/m2) while the IRT response was negative (typ 
neg 20-30W/m2) but followed the response of the PIR.  The Skyrad shortwave instruments 
were also affected but to much less extent (within their uncertainties).  Data quality flags 
are typically not triggered during these problem periods.

Data logger grounding was improved on 6/10 2005.  The problem hasn't re-occurred since 
that time.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• psps_mean
• alt
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• uvb_mean
• nip_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• short_direct_normal_std
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_max)
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• nip_max
• sky_ir_temp_std
• base_time
• uvb_min
• down_uvb_std
• external_voltage
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• nip_mean
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Maxima(down_uvb_max)
• uvb_sd
• uvb_max
• pirs_sd
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• psp1_sd
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_unshaded)
• nip_sd
• lon
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Minima(down_uvb_min)
• internal_voltage
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded_std
• irt1_sd
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• pir1_max
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min
• down_long_hemisp_unshaded_std
• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_max
• psps_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• pirs_mean
• logger_temp
• pirs_min
• pir1_sd
• pirs_max
• psps_sd
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• pir1_mean
• psp1_mean
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer(down_uvb)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• irt1_mean
• lat
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• irt1_min
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• bit_data
• time_offset
• irt1_max
• filename
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• pir1_min
• psps_max
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std

• inst_down_long_unshaded_case_resist
• pir2_uncorr_irradiance
• base_time
• inst_down_uvb_temp
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_unshaded_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• lat
• pir1_uncorr_irradiance
• pir1_case_therm
• alt
• lon
• inst_down_long_unshaded_dome_resist
• filename
• pir2_dome_therm
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)
• Irradiance, ultraviolet, downwelling (UV Biometer)(inst_down_uvb_irradiance)
• time_offset
• inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist
• uvb_temp
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist
• uvb_uncorr_irradiance
• pir2_case_therm
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• pir1_dome_therm

• inst_sky_ir_signal
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• inst_global
• alt
• time_offset
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_diffuse
• lat
• base_time
• inst_direct_normal
• time
• lon

NSA/GNDRAD/C1/C2 - Upwelling Shortwave data flagged bad are good.

The Upwelling Shortwave at both NSA facilites, C1 and C2, have been flagged red by the 
automatic tests because it is above empiical limits determined for a more southerly site 
(SGP) for this time of year. The data are good and should be flagged green. The test limits 
will be revised for NSA.

• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)

• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH mirror dirty

The CMH mirror was in need of cleaning.  The data is suspect from 05/28/05 through 
07/04/05 as intermittently poor readings occurred.  After 07/04/05 the data was incorrect as the 
mirror was excessively dirty.

• VPCMH
• SatVPCMH
• CMHDP
• CMHTemp
• CMHRH

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Power Disconnected Briefly

Power to the Tip tower and Groundrad was disconnected briefly while ground resistance 
measurements were made. 

The following comments are from Inst. Mentor Tom Stoffel: 

The longwave and shortwave irradiances from GNDRAD were not effected by the
temporary power disconnect.  Data are good.  This would have only stopped
the ventilators for a brief time and the data do not show any signs of poor
instrument responses.

The "sfc_ir_temp" data were, however, impacted during the brief (2
readings?) interval.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• external_voltage

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Tower Maintenance

The booms of the tower were lowered for sensor replacement, calibration, and tower 
maintenance.  During the maintenance and sensor replacement data are frequently missing.  Where 
data are available, they are not or may not be representative because the booms were at 
the base of the tower during the time period listed.

The chilled mirror measurements were not affected by the maintenance.

• Pressure, vapor, at 10-m height(VP10M_AVG)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• T2M_STD
• DP2M_STD
• Pressure, vapor, at 20-m height(VP20M_AVG)
• SonicWD_DU_WVT
• WD40M_SDU_WVT
• VP10M_STD
• Temperature, air, average, at 2-m height(T2M_AVG)
• RH40M_STD
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 40-m height(DP40M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 10-m height(DP10M_AVG)
• RefT20M_AVG
• Relative humidity, average, at 10-m height(RH10M_AVG)
• VP2M_STD
• VP40M_STD
• Visibility, 1 minute average(AvgVis1mi)
• Temperature, air, average, at 10-m height(T10M_AVG)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WD2M_DU_WVT)
• Wind speed, mean, at 40-m height(WS40M_S_WVT)
• SonicWS_U_WVT
• RefT40M_AVG
• Temperature, air, average, at 40-m height(T40M_AVG)
• RH20M_STD
• T20M_STD
• PwCod1hr
• DP10M_STD
• Volt20M_AVG
• InstPwCod
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WS10M_U_WVT)
• PWSAlarm
• Volt10M_AVG
• PcpRate
• DP20M_STD
• WD2M_SDU_WVT
• Volt40M_AVG
• Wind speed, mean, at 10-m height(WS10M_S_WVT)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 20-m height(DP20M_AVG)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• Temperature, air, average, at 20-m height(T20M_AVG)
• Temperature, dew point, average, at 2-m height(DP2M_AVG)
• RH2M_STD
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• SonicS_AVG
• RefT2M_AVG
• SonicY_AVG
• Pressure, vapor, at 40-m height(VP40M_AVG)
• Relative humidity, average, at 20-m height(RH20M_AVG)
• Volt2M_AVG
• Pressure, vapor, at 2-m height(VP2M_AVG)
• SonicX_AVG
• SonicWD_SDU_WVT
• RH10M_STD
• T10M_STD
• Relative humidity, average, at 2-m height(RH2M_AVG)
• Relative humidity, average, at 40-m height(RH40M_AVG)
• Wind speed, mean, at 2-m height(WS2M_S_WVT)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WS20M_U_WVT)
• CumH2O
• WD10M_SDU_WVT
• T40M_STD
• WD20M_SDU_WVT
• CumSnow
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WS2M_U_WVT)
• SonicWS_S_WVT
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WS40M_U_WVT)
• RefT10m_AVG
• Visibility, 10 minute average(AvgVis10m)
• Wind speed, mean, at 20-m height(WS20M_S_WVT)
• PwCod15mi
• VP20M_STD
• DP40M_STD

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH and PWS data missing

The CMH and PWS data are missing and unrecoverable.  A GFCI was tripped causing a loss of 
power to these sensors.   The CMH came back online at 1916 GMT and the PWS came back 
online at 1918 GMT.

• VPCMH
• PcpRate
• SatVPCMH
• CMHDP
• CumH2O
• CMHTemp
• PwCod1hr
• InstPwCod
• CumSnow
• PWSAlarm
• Visibility, 10 minute average(AvgVis10m)
• Visibility, 1 minute average(AvgVis1mi)
• PwCod15mi
• CMHRH

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Data Missing

Data from CMH was missing due to a corroded RS-232 9-Pin connector.

• VPCMH
• SatVPCMH
• CMHDP
• CMHTemp
• CMHRH

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 2m wind Direction Sensor Failed

The 2m cup wind direction flat lined at 236 degrees.  Sensor failed.

• WD2M_SDU_WVT
• Wind speed, mean, at 2-m height(WS2M_S_WVT)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WS2M_U_WVT)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WD2M_DU_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Data 1-minute behind

Data from the Barometer, Chilled Mirror Hygrometer and the Present Weather Sensor were 
one-minute behind due to timing problems collecting data from the Serial Data Multiplexer 
that handled these sensors.

• VPCMH
• PcpRate
• SatVPCMH
• CMHDP
• CumH2O
• CMHTemp
• PwCod1hr
• InstPwCod
• CumSnow
• PWSAlarm
• Visibility, 10 minute average(AvgVis10m)
• Pressure, atmospheric(AtmPress)
• Visibility, 1 minute average(AvgVis1mi)
• PwCod15mi
• CMHRH

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT failure

The IRT failed and was replaced with a spare.

• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_std
• sky_ir_temp_max
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Reprocess: Wind direction data incorrect

Wind direction data is off by 30 degrees for all wind sensors.  The 40-m tower was 
misaligned to true north.

• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• SonicWD_DU_WVT
• Wind direction, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WD2M_DU_WVT)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Instrument logger, possible gounding problem

Possible Skyrad datalogger grounding issues have re-appeared at NSA/C1 for only this short 
time period.  Anomalous data readings during the time range specified are similar to 
problem which occurred in early summer 2005.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• down_long_hemisp_unshaded_std
• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_max
• psps_mean
• psps_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• pirs_mean
• alt
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• logger_temp
• nip_min
• uvb_mean
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• pir1_sd
• pirs_min
• short_direct_normal_std
• pirs_max
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• psps_sd
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_max)
• psp1_min
• psp1_max
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• pir1_mean
• nip_max
• psp1_mean
• sky_ir_temp_std
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer(down_uvb)
• base_time
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• irt1_mean
• uvb_min
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• lat
• down_uvb_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• external_voltage
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• nip_mean
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Maxima(down_uvb_max)
• uvb_sd
• down_short_hemisp_std
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• uvb_max
• pirs_sd
• irt1_min
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• bit_data
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• time_offset
• psp1_sd
• irt1_max
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irrad., Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• filename
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_unshaded)
• lon
• nip_sd
• pir1_min
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Minima(down_uvb_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• internal_voltage
• down_long_hemisp_shaded_std
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• irt1_sd
• psps_max
• pir1_max
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min

• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist
• inst_sky_ir_signal
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• inst_diffuse
• lat
• base_time
• inst_direct_normal
• time
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• inst_global
• lon
• alt
• time_offset

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Reprocess: Incorrect datalogger program affecting PIR1 and PIR2 
downwelling longwave

The excitation delays using in measuring the PIR1 case thermistor commonly named "Case1" 
and the PIR2 dome thermistor called "Dome2" were discovered to have been incorrectly set 
to 0 in the Skyrad datalogger program when the new CR23X based Skyrad loggers were 
installed.  The result of no delay in these measurements results in an error in the measured 
resistance of the thermistors, Case1 and Dome2 and thus the calculated PIR1 and PIR2 
irradiances.  The errors are inversely proportial to temperature.

Users can apply the temperature dependent irradiance corrections shown in the table below. 
 Recall that the reported uncertainty of PIRs is typically +-.25% to +-.5% or 1 to 2 
W/m2.  The error corrections become the same order of magnitude or larger than the 
instrument uncertainties at or below 260K or 9F. 

Correction Table for Skyrad (TWP and NSA) DIR1 and DIR2 Irradiance				
	DIR1	DIR1	DIR2	DIR2
T[F]	Tcase[K]	Correction[W/m2]	Tdome[K]	Correction[W/m2]
109.4	316.13	0.00	316.13	0.00
100.5	311.20	-0.15	311.20	0.12
93.2	307.14	-0.12	307.14	0.10
87.0	303.70	-0.10	303.70	0.08
81.6	300.70	-0.17	300.70	0.14
77.0	298.15	-0.22	298.15	0.18
59.4	288.35	-0.34	288.35	0.27
47.4	281.72	-0.23	281.72	0.18
38.5	276.74	-0.42	276.74	0.34
31.3	272.77	-0.48	272.77	0.38
25.4	269.48	-0.61	269.48	0.49
20.3	266.67	-0.67	266.67	0.54
16.0	264.25	-0.82	264.25	0.66
12.1	262.11	-0.98	262.11	0.79
8.7	260.19	-0.97	260.19	0.78
5.6	258.46	-1.07	258.46	0.86
2.7	256.89	-1.17	256.89	0.94
0.1	255.44	-1.33	255.44	1.07
-2.3	254.11	-1.41	254.11	1.13
-4.5	252.87	-1.43	252.87	1.15
-6.6	251.71	-1.52	251.71	1.22
-8.5	250.63	-1.63	250.63	1.31
-10.4	249.62	-1.73	249.62	1.39
-12.2	248.58	-1.79	248.58	1.44
-15.4	246.82	-1.93	246.82	1.55
-18.3	245.23	-2.05	245.23	1.65
-20.9	243.78	-2.22	243.78	1.78
-23.3	242.44	-2.36	242.44	1.89
-25.5	241.21	-2.58	241.21	2.07
-27.5	240.07	-2.65	240.07	2.13
-29.5	239.01	-2.75	239.01	2.21
-31.3	238.00	-3.02	238.00	2.42

• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min

• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Data Not Representative

The intake of the CMH was blocked with hoar frost.  The temperatures measured by the 
chilled mirror and the temperature probe were not representative of the ambient conditions as 
a result.  The RH data calculated from these values is incorrect also.

• VPCMH
• SatVPCMH
• CMHDP
• CMHTemp
• CMHRH

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - power outage affecting some GNDRAD sensors

During the power outage the upwelling global measurement from the PSP instrument shows a 
slight increase from -5 to +0 W/m2.  This is due to removal of thermal offsets induced by 
the AC heater during the power outage.  This heater is installed within the PSP 
ventilator - it is necessary for the NSA/C1 climate.
The upwelling longwave PIR instrument is unaffected due to case and dome temperature 
corrections.
The IRT is AC powered and was not operational during this time period.

• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• up_short_hemisp_std
• Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unventilated Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• sfc_ir_temp_std
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Radiation, shortwave, at 10-m height, upwelling hemispheric irrad., 1-min avg(up_short_hemisp)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• inst_sfc_ir_signal

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Power outage affecting some SKYRAD instruments

During the power outage the downwelling global measurement from the PSP instrument and 
downwelling diffuse 8-48 instrument shows a slight increase from -5 to +0 W/m2.  This is due 
to removal of thermal offsets induced by the AC heater during the power outage.  This 
heater is installed within the PSP ventilator - it is necessary for the NSA/C1 climate.
The downwelling longwave PIR instrument is unaffected due to case and dome temperature 
corrections.
The IRT is AC powered and was not operational during this time period.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported

• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• down_short_hemisp_std
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)

• inst_global
• inst_diffuse
• inst_sky_ir_signal

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Data missing

CMH dew point and temp data was missing. Since Dew Point and Temp data missing RH% value = 
100% during outage.  Corrosion on power plug was athe problem.

• VPCMH
• SatVPCMH
• CMHDP
• CMHTemp
• CMHRH

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Instrument noise

Skyrad data appears affected by noise creating bias in analog voltage readings on 
02/15/2006 from 1300-1800GMT and again on 02/16/2006 from 1300-1500GMT.  The second night the 
noise is attenuated significantly.  By 02/17 no bias/noise is detectable. The thermistor 
measurements in PIR1 and PIR2 were unaffected during these excursions and showed no 
deviation from normal during the problem period.  In addition, the onboard logger temperature and 
battery voltage read normal throughout.  The problem has not reappeared as of 4/25/2006.

• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• sky_ir_temp_min
• sky_ir_temp_max
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max
• down_short_hemisp_std
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, shaded pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• short_direct_normal_std
• Temperature, Sky Infra-Red(sky_ir_temp)
• Radiation, shortwave, downwelling total hemispheric irradiance, 1-min avg(down_short_hemisp)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemisp. Irrad., Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std
• Radiation, shortwave, direct normal irradiance, 1-min avg(short_direct_normal)
• sky_ir_temp_std
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min

• inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist
• inst_sky_ir_signal
• inst_direct_normal
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer1)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• inst_global
• Irradiance, longwave, downwelling, hemispheric, thermopile (Shaded Pyrgeometer2)(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist
• inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist
• inst_diffuse

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Ultrasonic Wind Sensor Values Incorrect

The values collected from the ultrasonic wind sensor were intermittently incorrect.  Heavy 
wet snow during blizzard condition was interfering with the ultrasonic readings.

• SonicWD_SDU_WVT
• SonicWS_U_WVT
• SonicWS_S_WVT
• SonicS_AVG
• SonicY_AVG
• SonicWD_DU_WVT
• SonicX_AVG

NSA/METTWR/C1 - PWS data missing due to blizzard

PWS was offline and data was missing.  A blizzard consisting of heavy wet snow and strong 
winds caused snow impaction in the optics.  The PWS reported missing data as it was 
unable to measure anything meaningful.

• PcpRate
• InstPwCod
• CumSnow
• Visibility, 10 minute average(AvgVis10m)
• PWSAlarm
• Visibility, 1 minute average(AvgVis1mi)
• PwCod15mi
• PwCod1hr

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 2m Wind Speed Artificially Low

The 2m wind speed values were artificially low due to snow impaction during a heavy 
blizzard.  The cup anemometer heaters could not keep up with the rapid deposition of snow.

• Wind speed, mean, at 2-m height(WS2M_S_WVT)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 2-m height(WS2M_U_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH temp inaccurate

The CMH Temperature was consistently 4-7 degrees warmer than the 2M, 40M, 20M, and 10M 
temp. Intake fan failure; fan was replaced.

• VPCMH
• SatVPCMH
• CMHDP
• CMHTemp
• CMHRH

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 10m Wind Speed Low

The 10m wind speed values are too low due to ice accumulation on the cup anemometer.

• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WS10M_U_WVT)
• Wind speed, mean, at 10-m height(WS10M_S_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 10m Wind Speed Intermittently Low

The 10m wind speeds are intermittently too low due to ice accumulation on the cup 
anemometer.

• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 10-m height(WS10M_U_WVT)
• Wind speed, mean, at 10-m height(WS10M_S_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 40m Wind Speeds Intermittently Low

The 40m wind speed values were too low due to ice accumulation on the cup anemometer.

• Wind speed, mean, at 40-m height(WS40M_S_WVT)
• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 40-m height(WS40M_U_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 20m Wind Speeds Intermittently Low

The 20m wind speeds were artificially low due to ice accumulation on the cup anemometer.

• Wind speed, vector-averaged, at 20-m height(WS20M_U_WVT)
• Wind speed, mean, at 20-m height(WS20M_S_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Data Missing