TWP/SONDE/C2  - Broken temperature sensor

The temperature sensor on this radiosonde broke after launch.  All the temperature-related 
data are incorrect.

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)
• Dry bulb temperature(tdry)

TWP/SONDE/C2  - Broken temperature sensor

The temperature sensor on this radiosonde broke after launch.  All the temperature-related 
data are incorrect.

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)
• Dry bulb temperature(tdry)

TWP/SONDE/C2  - Bad RH in lower 8km

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this sounding.  The RH 
oscillates rapidly between low (~0 %RH) and not so low (ambient %RH) and the oscillation seems 
to stop when the temperature is below ~35 degC.  According to Vaisala these are symptoms 
of failure in the ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/MWR/C2 - Missing data

The heater blower assembly was causing the fuse to blow.  The instrument was taken offline 
until a replacement arrives.

• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• base time(base_time)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• lat(lat)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• (tknd)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• lon(lon)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)

• Standard deviation about the mean for the 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31_sdev)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total water vapor amount(vap_sdev)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the IR brightness temperature(ir_temp_sdev)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• base time(base_time)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23_sdev)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_fraction)
• lon(lon)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)
• Number of data points averaged for 23tbsky, 31tbsky, vap & liq(num_obs)
• Number of points included in the ir_temp ensemble(num_obs_irt)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• base time(base_time)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• lat(lat)
• lon(lon)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• (tknd)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)

TWP/MWR/C2 - Reprocessed: New Calibration coefficients

On 11/27 a spare radiometer was installed to replace a faulty radiometer. Once the 
radiometer started to collect data it used the default calibration coefficients until it 
collected enough tip data to determine its own coefficients.

The data were reprocessed to apply corrected calibrations and the reprocessed data were 
archived 20061222.

• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface Temperature Incorrect

The first two temperature values in the datafile are incorrect.  It appears that the 
observer mis-typed the surface temperature as -27 instead of +27.  The next value was 8 which 
is also incorrect and was caused by the system interpolating from the incorrect surface 
value and what the sonde temperature sensor was reading.

• Dry bulb temperature(tdry)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface RH value incorrect

The surface RH value was incorrect.  It appears the observer mis-typed 70 instead of 80.  
This error also caused the dew point temperature to be incorrect.

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface RH value incorrect

The surface RH was reproted as 78%.  The value should have been in the low 50's.  It 
appears the observer did not allow the sonde to equilibrate to ambient conditions before 
taking the reading.  This error also caused an incorrect dew point.

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface RH Value incorrect

The surface value entered by the observers for RH (96%) is incorrect.  At the ascent time 
listed in the .ptu file the readings by the Sonde were around 65%.  This low RH value is 
supported by the nearby SMET tower RH reading of 71.8%.  This also caused the surface dew 
point to be incorrect.

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface RH too high

The surface Rh was entered as 94%.  The ascent time has 72% and this value is supported by 
RH values from the nearby SMET system.  This error also will affect the dew point.

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/MWR/C1/C2 - Sun in the field of view

Every day between around noon local time (usually between 1 and 2 AM UTC time) there is an 
increase in the brightness temperatures due to the sun in the field of view of the 
radiometer.

The effect lasts less than an hour around local noon (usually between 1 and 2 AM UTC 
time).  The effect appears as a smooth increase and decrease in brightness temperature.

• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)

• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Broken temperature sensor at launch

Temperature sensor broken at launch.  All thermodynamic values are incorrect.

• Wind Direction(deg)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Broken temperature sensor at launch

The temperature sensor on this radiosonde broke after launch.  All the temperature-related 
data are incorrect.

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)
• Dry bulb temperature(tdry)