SGP/MWR/C1 - IRT removed

There were no IRT data during this period because MWR #10, upon
which the IRT is mounted, was returned to the vendor for upgrades and
replaced with spare MWR #33 which does not have the mounting hardware
or the electronics to accept the IRT.

• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Rain on window

The data is subject to contamination due to rain on the sensor window
and should be used with caution because the heater/blower assembly that
prevents water from accumulating on the sensor's teflon window was out
of commission.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Tip configuration number(tipn)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)

SGP/MWR/C1 - calibration checks

The MWR calibration was checked by a cryogenic (liquid nitrogen) 
blackbody target or (in the case of the Sept 2001 time period)
by pointing the mirror at an internal blackbody target.  The 
brightness temperatures and vap and liq retrievals are not
representative of the sky/atmosphere.

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Time drift

On 9/18/00, I found that the time on the MWR laptop was 1m 21s slow. The Dimension4 
utility had last synchronized the time on 5/5/00. Found that the network DNS settings had been 
disabled. Added the DNS entry for ntp host CF10. Dimension4 synchronized the clock by 
adding 80.91s. The time had drifted at a rate of -0.59s/day.

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• (tknd)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• base time(base_time)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• base time(base_time)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• (tknd)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• base time(base_time)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Temperature Stabilization of Noise Diode Impaired

On 1/17 we had a big spike in the data and lost temperature stabilization. The instrument 
had problems maintaining the Noise Diode (ND) temperature since. At ambient temperatures 
under about -20 C the ND was not maintaining the set temperature of 30 C. This problem 
was reported in P010122.1.

Fred Solheim recommended on 1/22 that we powercycle the instrument as it looked like the 
instrument CPU had lost the temperature reference.

So we powercycled the instrument on 1/22 @ 20:30 and lost all comumnication to it; after a 
second powercycling the instrument came back on line and the temperature stabilized 
quickly (within a couple of minutes) to the set temperature (30 C)

Fred Solheim reported after the system was restored:
"I've never seen this behavior before. I don't think it was due to the RF deck physically 
hanging temperature, because the recorded temp dropped about 30 C in one observation 
cycle. If this happens again, send the MWR down along with data files for us to look at."

Data collected in the periode 1/17/2001 6:00 to 1/22/2001 21:45 are questionable since it 
is uncertain whether the temperature really was unstable and what really caused the 
problem.

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• (tknd)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the IR brightness temperature(ir_temp_sdev)
• Number of points included in the ir_temp ensemble(num_obs_irt)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23_sdev)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_fraction)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31_sdev)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)
• Number of data points averaged for 23tbsky, 31tbsky, vap & liq(num_obs)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total water vapor amount(vap_sdev)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

NSA/MWR/C1 - negative sky brightness temperatures

The data exhibit occasional negative sky brightness temperatures.
The problem was corrected when the site operator cleaned the cable connectors and coated 
the terminals with dielectric grease.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

NSA/MWR/C1 - negative sky brightness temperatures

The data exhibit occasional negative sky brightness temperatures.
The problem was corrected when the computer was reconfigured following a virus infection.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: calibration change

The thicker (1/2-inch) insulation was installed on the RF deck and the reference 
temperature was reduced from 50 C to 30 C to prevent thermal instability in winter. A change in 
the mixer temperature affects the instrument's calibration. A new calibration was 
automatically derived and applied after 1500 valid tip curves were acquired. During the period 
after the temperature was reset and before the calibration was updated, the previous 
calibration was used.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

NSA/MWR/C1 - incorrect flagging of data

The wet window flag is set high more than expected.

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

NSA/MWR/C1 - incorrect flagging of data

The wet window flag is set high more frequent than expected.

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

SGP/MWR/C1 - IRT failure

The IRT was damaged by internal moisture causing sky temperature
measurements that are negatively biased compared to those from
the AERI. IRT#0517 was returned to the manufacturer for repair
and was replaced with spare IRT#1254.

• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/MWR/C1 - NSA Barrow MWR down due to PC Virus

On 12/22 at 23:00 the PC communication hung. Before operators returned to work after the 
holidays on 12/26, the virus W32.kriz triggered on 12/25 at 1:43 GMT. This virus wiped out 
large amount of files, hereunder the data files from the period 12/22 23:00 - 12/25 
01:00 and OS system files. The fixed PC was re-installed on 1/5, due issues with using serial 
ports under DOS comunication with instrument was not restored until 1/9 @ 22:30 GMT

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• base time(base_time)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• lat(lat)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)

• Blackbody temperature 1(tkbb1)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(ndiode31)
• 31.4 GHz calibration curve slope(gain31)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• base time(base_time)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filtered(expave31)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Tip configuration number(tipn)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• 31.4 GHz calibration curve offset(tbzenith31)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filtered(expave23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• lon(lon)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody signal(tipbb23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(tipskynd31)
• Blackbody temperature 2(tkbb2)
• 23.8 GHz calibration curve slope(gain23)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• (tknd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• (tair)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(ndiode23)
• lat(lat)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody signal(tipbb31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(tipskynd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Airmass value(airm)
• 23.8 GHz calibration curve offset(tbzenith23)

• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• lat(lat)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• base time(base_time)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lon(lon)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• lon(lon)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• lat(lat)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• base time(base_time)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: calibration change

The computer was replaced but not configured correctly for the MWR.

• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: wrong calibration

Moisture was found inside the lens of the MWR. Removal of the moisture caused a 
significant change in the calibration, especially in the 23.8 GHz channel. The calibration was 
updated automatically.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Contamination or Calibration Effect

A short period of odd data occurs in PWV and the LWP.  Its a sudden offset in the data 
values.  Vic Morris suggests it could be a calibration issue as seen before at SGP.  Data 
make a marked change after the events (suggesting the data were questionable prior to this 
time).  No obvious changes in other instruments occur. Some of these effects may coincide 
with operator's preventive maintenance but others are in the middle of the night local 
time and can not be explained by cleaning.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Frosting

Spike in PWV and LWP
. Operator reports instrument is frosted. Instrument teflon window was cleaned by 
operator.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Instrument maintenance

Installed cold weather insulation on radiometer, required time to thermally stabilize.

• 23.8 GHz sky plus noise injection signal(skyn23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky+noise injection signal(skyn31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise31)
• 23.8 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Which LOS configuration(losn)
• (tair)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)

• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

NSA/MWR/C1 - MWR moved

The MWR data are unreasonable during this period, because it was shutdown and moved by 
operations at this time.

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky plus noise injection signal(skyn23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• base time(base_time)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky+noise injection signal(skyn31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• (tknd)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 23.8 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise23)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Which LOS configuration(losn)
• (tair)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• lat(lat)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)

• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• lat(lat)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• base time(base_time)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• lon(lon)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

NSA/MWR/C1 - negative PWV (bad calibration?)

During this time, the PWV drops to slightly negative values.  This could be related to 
calibration issues.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Heater/blower removed

Note that the heater/blower was removed from the MWR during this time.  This may impact 
snow removal from teflon window, thereby affecting the quality of the data between 
cleanings.

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky plus noise injection signal(skyn23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• (tknd)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 23.8 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky+noise injection signal(skyn31)
• Which LOS configuration(losn)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• (tair)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)

• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Data spikes, possibly due to cleaning events

Unreasonable spikes occurred, which may be due to cleaning of 
the instrument by the operator.  Other cleaning events did
not result in obvious data spikes and have not been included 
in this report.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: IRT insufficiently insulated

The downwelling IRT was insufficiently insulated to maintain an internal 
reference temperature above 0 degrees C. Measurements of sky temperature were 
over-estimated when instrument was below freezing.

Data will be reprocessed, but users can correct data using the following correction 
factor:

If T_reference < -5?C, then

  IRT_corrected = (IRT_original - 32.993K)/0.87238

where T_reference can be estimated with the ambient temperature (e.g.
tkair)

• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/MWR/C1 - MWR digital board failure

A power failure at the site apparently damaged some of the components of the digital 
board. The MWR was replaced with a spare unit and returned to the manufacturer for repair.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

SGP/MWR/B4/C1 - LOS cycle skipping

When MWR software version 4.12 was installed at the SGP, it was observed 
that the MWRs at CF and BF4 skip line-of-sight (LOS) observing cycles. In LOS mode, the 
software begins an observing cycle at 0, 20, and 40 seconds after the minute to provide 3 
LOS cycles per minute. If a cycle is delayed so that it takes more than 20 seconds to 
complete, then the next start time is missed, the cycle is skipped, and the data that would 
have been acquired are lost.  

It was demonstrated that the interaction with the IRT at CF slowed the MWR observing cycle 
noticeably and contributed significantly to the LOS cycle skipping. The IRT was removed 
from the MWR on 5 November 2002 and the LOS cycle skipping at the CF was resolved.  The 
IRT data are now available in a new separate datastream: sgpirtC1.a1 (and soon 
sgpirt2sC1.a1).

The BF4 cycle skipping may have resulted from a combination of an additional air 
temperature sensor on this instrument and the use of a fiber optic cable.  However, the cycle 
skipping on this instrument appears to have abated without modifications to the instrument 
configuration.

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• (tknd)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)

• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the SGP MWRs have been
reported dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the
occurrence of blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those
expected. The symptoms included noisy data (especially at Purcell),
spikes in the data (especially at Vici), negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program (especially at the CF).

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which has not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program.

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported
dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of
blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those expected. The
symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the MWRs have been reported dating back to 
1999.  These problems were due to the occurrence of blackbody signals (in counts) that were 
half of those expected. The symptoms included noisy data, spikes in the data, negative 
brightness temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the computer and 
the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the MWR program.

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems, the instrument 
mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly cleaned and replaced the fiber optic 
comm. components, (2) swapped radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for 
evaluation (which did not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured the 
computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate and correct it, the problem 
persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration conflicted with the 
DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port or the contents of the serial port 
buffer. This problem was finally corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new 
Windows-compatible program.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

NSA/MWR/C1  - no air temperature signal

When the new blower was upgraded by Radiometrics and reinstalled on the MWR, the air 
temperature sensor failed to properly report. It was determined that the wires carrying the 
signal to the analog board did not conform to the standard expected by the upgraded blower. 
The problem was corrected by changing the wiring and modifying the MWR software to read 
the signal from the appropriate corresponding channel.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Incorrect min and max values

The values of valid_min and valid_max applied to fields tkxc and tknd were incorrect. They 
should be 303 and 333, respectively.

• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• (tknd)

NSA/MWR/C1 - min/max/delta values incorrect

The values of valid_min, valid_max, and valid_delta for fields tkxc and tknd were 
incorrect. They should be 303, 333, and 0.5 K, respectively.

• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• (tknd)

SGP/MWR/C1 - no air temperature signal

When the new blower was upgraded by Radiometrics and reinstalled on the MWR, the air 
temperature sensor failed to properly report. It was determined that the wires carrying the 
signal to the analog board did not conform to the standard expected by the upgraded blower. 
The problem was corrected by changing the wiring.

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

NSA/MWR/C1 - damaged window

The MWR dielectric window was damaged by snow from a snow blower and replaced.

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky plus noise injection signal(skyn23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky+noise injection signal(skyn31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 23.8 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)
• ensemble average for MWR 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature in window centered(mean_tbsky31_mwr)
• Standard deviation for ensemble average for MWR 23.8 GHz sky brightness tempera(sd_tbsky23_mwr)
• ensemble average for MWR 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature in window centered(mean_tbsky23_mwr)
• Size of MWR ensemble for mean_tbsky23_mwr field(num_tbsky23_mwr)
• Size of MWR ensemble for mean_liq_mwr field(num_liq_mwr)
• Size of MWR ensemble for mean_tbsky31_mwr field(num_tbsky31_mwr)
• Standard deviation for ensemble average for MWR 31.4 GHz sky brightness tempera(sd_tbsky31_mwr)
• Size of MWR ensemble for mean_vap_mwr field(num_vap_mwr)
• Standard deviation of ensemble average for MWR vapor(sd_vap_mwr)
• Standard deviation for ensemble average for MWR liq(sd_liq_mwr)

• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)

TWP/MWR/C1 - wrong azimuth

The MWR was initially installed at an azimuth angle defined as 180 degrees but the value 
in the configuration file was not changed from the default of 0 degrees. In examining 
photos taken during the installation of the AWS tower, I noticed that the MWR was rotated 
opposite the normal orientation. The value in the configuration file was changed to reflect 
the actual azimuth of the instrument.

• Actual Azimuth(actaz)

NSA/MWR/C1 - power supply failure

The MWR failed due to infiltration of blowing snow which damaged the electronics. The 
digital and analog boards were replaced by new boards supplied by Radiometrics and the power 
supply was replaced by the unit from the spare MWR.

• 23.8 GHz sky plus noise injection signal(skyn23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky+noise injection signal(skyn31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise31)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Which LOS configuration(losn)
• (tair)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• base time(base_time)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise23)
• lat(lat)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)

• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• lat(lat)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• base time(base_time)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• lon(lon)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• lon(lon)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• lat(lat)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• base time(base_time)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Wet window flag "on" more frequently than expected

The wet window flag was set "on" more frequently than expected during the time periods 
specified.  This indicates the heater has been running more than necessary.  In most 
instances the moisture sensitivity was adjusted at the end of these periods.

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Instrument problem

The MWR mixer temperature, blackbody temperature, and moisture flag are incorrect. This 
began when the instrument was returned to service after the analog board was temporarily 
removed to check the presence and absence of certain resistors. The board must have been 
accidently damaged during this process.

• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• (tknd)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)

SGP/MWR/C1 - thermal instability

The analog board was replaced with a spare (D041001.3) with a reference temperature that 
was set too low (306 K) so that during periods of high ambient temperature, the instrument 
became thermally unstable. The problem was corrected when the temperature setting was 
increased (to 311 K).

• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: wrong retrievals

When the computer and core configuration were upgraded, retrieval coefficients for BF1 
were accidently included in the configuration file.
The correct coefficients for CF1 were applied when the configuration file was updated.

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

NSA/C1 - Site-wide power failure

The Barrow facility experienced a site-wide power failure on 12/13.  Power was restored to 
most instruments between 2250 and 2330 GMT.

• Elevation angle of Beam 4 for WINDS data(elevation4)
• Power offset(power)
• Average Interval(avgint)
• lon(lon)
• Number of Values Required for Consensus, Beam 4(nrcns4)
• Number of values that passed consensus, beam 2(ncns2)
• Azimuth of Beam 2(azimuth2)
• Elevation angle of Beam 0 for WINDS data(elevation0)
• Beam 1 radial wind speed(vel1)
• Sample Rate(sampr)
• Rx Bandwidth Switch Code(bswitch)
• Height Index(range_gate)
• Signal to Noise Ratio, Beam 4(snr4)
• Azimuth of Beam 4 for WINDS data(azimuth4)
• Number of Values Required for Consensus, Beam 0(nrcns0)
• Number of spectra/ave int, Beam 2(nrec2)
• Signal to Noise Ratio, Beam 0(snr0)
• Azimuth of Beam 0(azimuth0)
• Array of heights for each sample time(height_p)
• Number of Values Required for Consensus, Beam 1(nrcns1)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Azimuth of Beam 1(azimuth1)
• Number of valid heights(nheight)
• Oblique FFT Bandwidth(oband)
• Elevation angle of Beam 1 for WINDS data(elevation1)
• Number of Individual Spectra/Average Spectrum(nspc)
• Beam 0 radial wind speed(vel0)
• Oblique Velocity Spectral Resolution(ovsr)
• Number of values that passed consensus, beam 1(ncns1)
• Beam 4 radial wind speed(vel4)
• copolar signal to noise ratio(snr1)
• Number of Coherent Samples/spectral point(ncoh)
• Number of spectra/ave int, Beam 1(nrec1)
• Horizontal wind speed(spd)
• Elevation angle of Beam 2 for WINDS data(elevation2)
• U-component(u_wind)
• Vertical Velocity Spectral Resolution(vvsr)
• lat(lat)
• Number of values that passed consensus, beam 0(ncns0)
• V-component(v_wind)
• Height of Center of First Range Gate(rgf)
• Number of Values Required for Consensus, Beam 2(nrcns2)
• Interpulse Period(ipp)
• Number of spectra/ave int, Beam 0(nrec0)
• Number of spectra/ave int, Beam 4(nrec4)
• Beam 3 radial wind speed(vel3)
• Number of Pulse Code Bits(pcbits)
• Number of values that passed consensus, beam 4(ncns4)
• Ave snr*10 level, Beam 2(snr2)
• Elevation angle of Beam 3 for WINDS data(elevation3)
• Range Gate Spacing(rgs)
• Individual Spectrum Integration Time(sitime)
• base time(base_time)
• Height of Center of Last Range Gate(rgl)
• Number of Values Required for Consensus, Beam 3(nrcns3)
• Delay Time to 1st Gate(dly)
• Time Domain Integration Time(tditime)
• Vertical FFT Bandwidth(vband)
• Pulse Repetition Frequency(prf)
• Horizontal wind direction(dir)
• Azimuth of Beam 3 for WINDS data(azimuth3)
• Ave Time per Average Spectra.(spcavetim)
• Number of values that passed consensus, beam 3(ncns3)
• Beam 2 radial wind speed(vel2)
• Pulse Length(plen)
• Signal to Noise Ratio, Beam 3(snr3)
• Number of spectra/ave int, Beam 3(nrec3)

• JPG data stream - documentation not supported(JPEG data stream - documentation not yet available)

• lat(lat)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Number of Values Required for Consensus, Beam 0(nrcns)
• Number of Values that Passed Consensus, Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(ncns_virtual_temp)
• virtual_temp_corr(virtual_temp_corr)
• base time(base_time)
• lon(lon)
• Array of heights for the range gates(height)
• Signal to Noise Ratio, Corrected Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(snr_virtual_temp_corr)
• Beam 0 virtual temperature(virtual_temp)
• Number of Values that Passed Consensus, Corrected Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(ncns_virtual_temp_corr)
• Number of pulses/ave int, Beam 0(nrec)
• Sample Rate(sampr)
• Vertical wind velocity(vert_v)
• Signal to Noise Ratio, Vertical wind velocity(snr_vert_v)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Signal to Noise Ratio, Beam 0 Virtual Temperature(snr_virtual_temp)
• Average Interval(avgint)
• Range Gate Spacing(rgs)
• Number of Values that Passed Consensus, Vertical wind velocity(ncns_vert_v)

• Individual Spectrum Integration Time(sitime)
• Time Domain Integration Time(tditime)
• Oblique FFT Bandwidth(oband)
• Vertical FFT Bandwidth(vband)
• Signal to Noise Ratio of the RASS Signal(snr)
• Number of valid heights(nheight)
• Radial Velocity Spectral Resolution(vsr)
• Mean atmospheric vertical velocity(mdf)
• Height of Center of Last Range Gate(rgl)
• lat(lat)
• Number of Pulse Code Bits(pcbits)
• Beam Number(beam)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lon(lon)
• Number of Coherent Samples/spectral point(ncoh)
• base time(base_time)
• Number of Individual Spectra/Average Spectrum(nspc)
• elevation(elevation)
• Rx Bandwidth Switch Code(bswitch)
• Sample Rate(sampr)
• Delay Time to 1st Gate(dly)
• Range Gate Spacing(rgs)
• Array of heights for each sample time(height_t)
• 1000 * log10(noise signal level: vert vel)(noise)
• Pulse Repetition Frequency(prf)
• Spectral Width: vert velocity(specw)
• Height Index(range_gate)
• Pulse Length(plen)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Ave Time per Average Spectra. Also known as dwell.(spcavetime)
• Height of Center of First Range Gate(rgf)
• Interpulse Period(ipp)

• Repetition rate, or Trigger Frequency of the laser(trigger_freq)
• base time(base_time)
• Amount of time the actual laser pulse lags behind the sync trigger(laser_sync_offset)
• Distance from leading edge of first range bin to the center of each bin .(range_bins)
• effective range offset due to poor sync between laser firing and A/D trigger.(range_offset)
• Preliminary cloud base height(preliminary_cbh)
• Laser Temperature(laser_temp)
• time(time)
• lon(lon)
• Angle of orientation with respect to true geographic north(transceiver_azimuth_angle)
• Number of laser shots recorded(shots_summed)
• Background Signal(background_signal)
• value represents date of last configuration change as yyyymmdd(property)
• Repetition Rate, or Trigger Frequency of the laser(pulse_rep)
• Detector Temperature(detector_temp)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Amount of time the scalar lags behind the sync trigger(scalar_sync_offset)
• Voltage level which operates the thermistor(voltage_10)
• Number of laser pulses summed during measurement interval(shots_sum)
• Time in nanoseconds for each range bin of multichannel scalar card.(range_bin_time)
• Filter Temperature(filter_temp)
• Width of range-bins calculated from range_bin_time(range_bin_width)
• Voltage level which operates the A/D card and the detector(voltage_05)
• range(range)
• Maximum altitude retrieved from multichannel scalar card.(max_altitude)
• Laser output energy per pulse(energy_monitor)
• Array of heights for the range gates(height)
• Voltage level which operates the energy monitor(voltage_15)
• Instrument Temperature(instrument_temp)
• Angle of inclination with respect to horizontal(transceiver_altitude_angle)
• required to correct raw counts for detector deadtime prior to all other
  corrections.(deadtime_correction)
• Sum of raw backscatter counts per bin prior to ANY corrections.(total_counts)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Amount of time laser pulse lags behind the scalar trigger(laser_scalar_sync_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Aerosol backscatter coefficient at 355 nm(backscatter)

• Filter Temperature(filter_temp)
• time(time)
• Laser output energy per pulse(energy_monitor)
• Laser Temperature(laser_temp)
• range(range)
• Background Signal(background_signal)
• Array of heights for the range gates(height)
• Preliminary cloud base height(preliminary_cbh)
• Maximum altitude retrieved from multichannel scalar card.(max_altitude)
• base time(base_time)
• Instrument Temperature(instrument_temp)
• Voltage level which operates the A/D card and the detector(voltage_05)
• effective range offset due to poor sync between laser firing and A/D trigger.(range_offset)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lon(lon)
• Voltage level which operates the energy monitor(voltage_15)
• Attenuated backscatter(detector_counts)
• Voltage level which operates the thermistor(voltage_10)
• lat(lat)
• Detector Temperature(detector_temp)
• Number of laser shots recorded(shots_summed)
• Time in nanoseconds for each range bin of multichannel scalar card.(range_bin_time)
• Repetition Rate, or Trigger Frequency of the laser(pulse_rep)
• Width of range-bins calculated from range_bin_time(range_bin_width)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Distance from leading edge of first range bin to the center of each bin .(range_bins)

• Expected root-mean-square error in precipitable water retrieval using only
  23.835 and 30.0 GHz(totalPrecipitableWater2RmsError)
• Flag indicating moisture sensor status(wetWindowFlag)
• Retrieved cloud liquid water content(liquidWaterContent)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Cloud base height(cloudBaseHeight)
• Expected root-mean-square error in liquid water path retrieval using only 23.835
  and 30.0 GHz(liquidWaterPath2RmsError)
• Expected root-mean-square error in temperature retrieval(temperatureRmsError)
• Retrieved liquid water path using only 23.835 and 30.0 GHz(liquidWaterPath2)
• Ambient surface absolute temperature(surfaceTemperature)
• Surface water vapor density at instrument(surfaceWaterVaporDensity)
• Lifting condensation level(liftingCondensationLevel)
• Interpolated dewpoint temperature(dewpointTemperature)
• Retrieved liquid water path(liquidWaterPath)
• Equilibrium level pressure(equilibriumLevelPres)
• Lifting condensation level pressure(liftingCondensationLevelPres)
• lon(lon)
• Retrieved total precipitable water vapor using only 23.835 and 30.0 GHz(totalPrecipitableWater2)
• air temperature (NGM250 predicted)(temperature)
• Expected root-mean-square error in water vapor density retrieval(waterVaporDensityRmsError)
• Retrieved water vapor density(waterVaporDensity)
• time(time)
• Expected root-mean-square error in liquid water path retrieval(liquidWaterPathRmsError)
• Level of free convection pressure(levelFreeConvectionPres)
• Microwave brightness temperature(brightnessTemperature)
• Data quality flags(dataQualityFlags)
• Internal blackbody reference temperature(blackbodyTemperature)
• atmospheric pressure at mean sea level and at tropopause (NGM250 predicted)(pressure)
• Derived virtual temperature(virtualTemperature)
• Zenith-pointing infrared temperature at 10um(infraredTemperature)
• Total precipitable water vapor, from microwave radiometer(totalPrecipitableWater)
• Frequency(frequency)
• base time(base_time)
• Expected root-mean-square error in precipitable water retrieval(totalPrecipitableWaterRmsError)
• lat(lat)
• Convective Available Potential Energy(cape)
• Expected root-mean-square error in liquid water content retrieval(liquidWaterContentRmsError)
• Level of free convection(levelFreeConvection)
• Ambient surface pressure(surfacePressure)
• Array of heights for the range gates(height)
• Ambient surface relative humidity(surfaceRelativeHumidity)
• elevation(elevation)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Derived relative humidity(relativeHumidity)
• azimuth(azimuth)
• Equilibrium level(equilibriumLevel)
• Interpolated water vapor mixing ratio(waterVaporMixingRatio)

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Spectral Data (signal strength/freq int)(spc_amp)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• lon(lon)
• base time(base_time)
• Sample Rate(sampr)
• Range Gate Spacing(rgs)
• Array of heights for the range gates(height)
• lat(lat)
• Particle radius at logarithmic center of bin(bins)

• Mean acoustic speed(smdf)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• lon(lon)
• base time(base_time)
• Beam 0 virtual temperature(virtual_temp)
• Signal to Noise Ratio: acoustic(ssnr)
• Spectral Width: vert velocity(specw)
• Mean atmospheric vertical velocity(mdf)
• Sample Rate(sampr)
• Range Gate Spacing(rgs)
• Signal to Noise Ratio of the RASS Signal(snr)
• Array of heights for the range gates(height)
• 1000 * log10(noise signal level: vert vel)(noise)
• lat(lat)
• Acoustic Spectral Width(sspecw)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)

• 40m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT40M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_STD)
• 15 minute Present Weather Code(PwCod15mi)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Calculated Dew Point(DP40M_STD)
• 2m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS2M_S_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS10M_U_WVT)
• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)
• 10m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS10M_S_WVT)
• 2m Average QLI Input Voltage(Volt2M_AVG)
• 2m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD2M_DU_WVT)
• 10m Average Relative Humidity(RH10M_AVG)
• Present Weather Sensor Alarm(PWSAlarm)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 20m Average Relative Humidity(RH20M_AVG)
• 10m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_AVG)
• 1 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis1mi)
• Standard Deviation of Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Direction(SonicWD_SDU_WVT)
• 10m Average Temperature(T10M_AVG)
• Instant Present Weather Code(InstPwCod)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Relative Humidity(RH2M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Relative Humidity(RH10M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Temperature(T10M_STD)
• 40m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP40M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2M_STD)
• 1 hour Present Weather Code(PwCod1hr)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Relative Humidity(RH20M_STD)
• 40m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS40M_U_WVT)
• 10m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_AVG)
• 20m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS20M_S_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD20M_SDU_WVT)
• 2m Average Temperature(T2M_AVG)
• 2m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP2M_AVG)
• Cumulative Snow Sum(CumSnow)
• 20m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• 20m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP20M_AVG)
• Average X Component of Sonic Wind Speed(SonicX_AVG)
• 20m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT20M_AVG)
• Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Direction(SonicWD_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Temperature(T2M_STD)
• base time(base_time)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_SDU_WVT)
• 10 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis10m)
• 2m Average Relative Humidity(RH2M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD2M_SDU_WVT)
• 10m Average QLI Input Voltage(Volt10M_AVG)
• 20m Average Temperature(T20M_AVG)
• 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Dew Point(DP2M_STD)
• Cumulative Water Sum(CumH2O)
• 10m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT10m_AVG)
• 40m Average Relative Humidity(RH40M_AVG)
• 40m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS40M_S_WVT)
• 40m Average Temperature(T40M_AVG)
• Precipitation Rate(PcpRate)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• Sonic Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(SonicWS_S_WVT)
• 2m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2M_AVG)
• Average Y Component of Sonic Wind Speed(SonicY_AVG)
• Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Speed(SonicWS_U_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Temperature(T40M_STD)
• 20m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP20M_AVG)
• 2m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS2M_U_WVT)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• time(time)
• 2m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT2M_AVG)
• Average Sonic Static Speed of Sound(SonicS_AVG)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP20M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Relative Humidity(RH40M_STD)
• 20m Average QLI Input Voltage(Volt20M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_SDU_WVT)
• Datalogger Battery Voltage(Batt_Volt)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Calculated Dew Point(DP20M_STD)
• 40m Average QLI Reference Voltage(Volt40M_AVG)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• 20m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS20M_U_WVT)
• 40m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP40M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Temperature(T20M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP40M_STD)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Atmospheric Pressure(AtmPress)

• Imaginary radiance during sky view averaged over (700_705 cm-1)(skyViewImaginaryRadiance700_705)
• Weight factor for top used in calculating ambient blackbody temperature average(ABBtopTempWeight)
• Hot blackbody temperature - apex(HBBapexTemp)
• Interferometer window temperature measured on the outside of the aluminum window
  flange(interferometerWindowTemp)
• Resistive temperature of 97 Kohm fixed resistor located in SCE-P4 shell(fixed97KohmResistor)
• Shortwave window brightness temperature from radiance average (2510_2515 cm-1)(shortwaveWindowAirTemp2510_2515)
• Number of complete (forward+backward) interferogram scans in sample average(coadditionsCount)
• Imaginary radiance during sky view averaged over (2282_2287 cm-1)(skyViewImaginaryRadiance2282_2287)
• Characteristic value representing overall longwave channel responsivity(LWresponsivity)
• Motor step value given to motor controller to achieve proper mirror positioning(sceneMirrorMotorStep)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (985_990 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance985_990)
• Ambient air temperature at hatch opening(outsideAirTemp)
• Hot blackbody temperature - rim top(HBBtopTemp)
• Logical flag indicating whether hatch is open (true) or not open (false)(hatchOpen)
• Version number of Operational Software(systemReleaseNumber)
• Weight factor for bottom used in calculating ambient blackbody temperature
  average(ABBbottomTempWeight)
• Imaginary radiance during sky view averaged over (2295_2300 cm-1)(skyViewImaginaryRadiance2295_2300)
• Radiance standard deviation during ambient blackbody view averaged over (700_705
  cm-1)(ABBviewStdDevRadiance700_705)
• Logical flag indicating that a data record is missing (true/false(missingDataFlag)
• Corrective offset for final hot blackbody average temperature(HBBtempOffset)
• Weight factor for top used in calculating hot blackbody temperature average(HBBtopTempWeight)
• Radiance standard deviation during ambient blackbody view averaged over (985_990
  cm-1)(ABBviewStdDevRadiance985_990)
• Logical flag indicating whether HBB temperature is stable (true) or not stable
  (false). Determined using HBBtempDrift and HBBtempDriftLimit.(HBBstable)
• Duration of scene view(sceneViewDuration)
• Ambient temperature used in calibration(calibrationAmbientTemp)
• Ambient air temperature near the interferometer(airNearInterferometerTemp)
• Scene mirror temperature as measured at the center of the back of the mirror(sceneMirrorTemp)
• Resistive temperature of 2500 Ohm fixed resistor - banana plug mounted(fixed2500ohmResistor)
• Longwave window radiance average (985_990 cm-1)(longwaveWindowRadiance985_990)
• The noise equivalent radiance observed in the longwave channel during a sky view
  at 1000 cm-1(LWskyNEN)
• Rain sensor analog output: the rain sensor is located inside the hatch near the
  sky aperture and is used to flag the critical condition of rain falling on
  the AERI s(rainSensorIntensity)
• Imaginary radiance during sky view averaged over (2510_2515 cm-1)(skyViewImaginaryRadiance2510_2515)
• Shortwave radiance average (2295_2300 cm-1) Surface Air(surfaceLayerRadiance2295_2300)
• Shortwave radiance average (2282_2287 cm-1) Elevated Air(elevatedLayerRadiance2282_2287)
• Number of views in a sequence(sceneMirPosCount)
• Noise-equivalent Radiance in Hot Blackbody at 1000 cm-1(LW_HBB_NEN)
• BB Support Structure Temperature(BBsupportStructureTemp)
• Maximum departure from ideal of the mirror position over the course of all
  contributing views. Typically two hot, two ambient, and one scene view are
  examine(sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift)
• Longwave elevated air brightness temperature from radiance average (700_705
  cm-1)(elevatedLayerAirTemp700_705)
• Observation longitude(Longitude)
• Radiance standard deviation during hot blackbody view averaged over (700_705
  cm-1)(HBBviewStdDevRadiance700_705)
• Laser wavenumber used in definition of output wavenumber scale(outputLaserWavenumber)
• Imaginary radiance during sky view averaged over (675_680 cm-1)(skyViewImaginaryRadiance675_680)
• Longwave window brightness temperature from radiance average (985_990 cm-1)(longwaveWindowAirTemp985_990)
• Characteristic value representing overall shortwave channel responsivity(SWresponsivity)
• Sun sensor analog output: The sun sensor has a view angle to the sky slightly
  larger than the interferometer FOV and is aligned to the interferometer
  line-of-sight. I(sunSensorIntensity)
• Detector temperature sensed via diode near detector(detectorTemp)
• Radiance standard deviation during ambient blackbody view averaged over
  (2295_2300 cm-1)(ABBviewStdDevRadiance2295_2300)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (2510_2515 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance2510_2515)
• Maximum Temperature Difference Between ABB Thermistors(ABBmaxTempDiff)
• Interferometer front end fan airflow unheated temperature: used with heated
  temperature as measure of airflow.(frontEndFanAirUnheatedTemp)
• Observation relative humidity at AERI blackbodies(atmosphericRelativeHumidity)
• Limit applied to LWskyNEN in determination of LWskyNENacceptable(LWskyNENlimit)
• Scene mirror motor driver heat sink temperature(motorDriverTemp)
• Radiance standard deviation during hot blackbody view averaged over (675_680
  cm-1)(HBBviewStdDevRadiance675_680)
• Shortwave surface air brightness temperature from radiance average (2295_2300
  cm-1)(surfaceLayerAirTemp2295_2300)
• Longwave radiance average (675-680 cm-1) Surface Air(surfaceLayerRadiance675_680)
• Factor used to convert single-scan noise to two-minute equivalent(twoMinuteNoiseEstimateFactor)
• Observation date(dateYYMMDD)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (700_705 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance700_705)
• Blackbody controller Unit 2 power supply temperature(BBcontroller2temp)
• Stirling cooler compressor temperature measured at compressor heatsink(coolerCompressorTemp)
• Size of buffer holding initial spectrum(originalInterferogramSize)
• Time (HHMMSS)(timeHHMMSS)
• Longwave radiance average (700_705 cm-1) Elevated Air(elevatedLayerRadiance700_705)
• Radiance standard deviation during ambient blackbody view averaged over
  (2510_2515 cm-1)(ABBviewStdDevRadiance2510_2515)
• Size of buffer holding expanded spectrum before interpolation(expandedInterferogramSize)
• Radiance standard deviation during ambient blackbody view averaged over
  (2282_2287 cm-1)(ABBviewStdDevRadiance2282_2287)
• Weight factor for apex used in calculating hot blackbody temperature average(HBBapexTempWeight)
• Original laser wavenumber assumed for this instrument(originalLaserWavenumber)
• Signal conditioning electronics inside air temperature(SCEtemp)
• The maximum excursion of hot-blackbody temperature over 5 consecutive scenes,
  centered on the sky view(HBBtempDrift)
• Limit applied to HBBtempDrift in determination of HBBstable flag(HBBtempDriftLimit)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (2295_2300 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance2295_2300)
• Scene mirror motor case temperature(mirrorMotorTemp)
• The noise equivalent radiance observed in the shortwave channel during a sky
  view at 2500 cm-1(SWskyNEN)
• Logical flag indicating whether longwave channel noise equivalent radiance is
  acceptable in sky view (true/false). Determined using LWskyNEN and
  LWskyNENlimit.(LWskyNENacceptable)
• Cold blackbody temperature used in calibration(calibrationCBBtemp)
• Shortwave elevated air brightness temperature from radiance average (2282_2287
  cm-1)(elevatedLayerAirTemp2282_2287)
• Character string containing instrument name(instrumentUnitNumber)
• Time at center of AERI sky observation period(Time_UTC_hours)
• Spare temperature sensor (location TBD)(spareTemp)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (2282_2287 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance2282_2287)
• Radiance standard deviation during hot blackbody view averaged over (2510_2515
  cm-1)(HBBviewStdDevRadiance2510_2515)
• Field of view half angle used in finite FOV correction(FFOVhalfAngle)
• Julian Day including day and fraction of day(JulianDay)
• Radiance standard deviation during hot blackbody view averaged over (2282_2287
  cm-1)(HBBviewStdDevRadiance2282_2287)
• Stirling cycle cooler expander temperature(coolerExpanderTemp)
• Ambient air temperature near blackbodies(airNearBBsTemp)
• Logical flag indicating whether shortwave channel noise equivalent radiance is
  acceptable in sky view (true/false). Determined using SWskyNEN and
  SWskyNENlimit.(SWskyNENacceptable)
• Blackbody controller Unit 1 power supply temperature(BBcontroller1temp)
• Observation atmospheric pressure in AERI electronics(atmosphericPressure)
• lat(lat)
• Interferometer front end fan airflow heated temperature: used with unheated
  temperature as measure of airflow.(frontEndFanAirHeatedTemp)
• Stirling cooler power supply temperature measured at power supply frame(coolerPowerSupplyTemp)
• Difference between frontEndFanAirHeatedTemp and frontEndFanAirUnheatedTemp
  indicative of front end air flow.(frontEndFanAirTempDiff)
• Weight factor for apex used in calculating ambient blackbody temperature average(ABBapexTempWeight)
• Scene mirror view angle in non-negative degrees, measured clockwise looking into
  interferometer window.(sceneMirrorAngle)
• Hot blackbody temperature - rim bottom(HBBbottomTemp)
• Relative Humidity measured in the Interferometer Enclosure(interferometerEnclosureRelativeHumidity)
• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• Blackbody cavity geometry factor(BBcavityFactor)
• Resistive temperature of 12 Kohm fixed resistor located in SCE-P3 shell(fixed12KohmResistor)
• AERI instrument data channel number(channelNumber)
• AERI instrument unit serial number(AERIunitNumber)
• time(time)
• Noise-equivalent Radiance in Hot Blackbody at 2500 cm-1(SW_HBB_NEN)
• Electronics rack ambient temperature measured at inside top of rack(rackAmbientTemp)
• Type of scene that has been calibrated (ASCII character as float)(calibratedSceneID)
• Difference between actual and ideal motor encoder values for current view
  indicative of quality of the mirror positioning.(sceneMirPosEncoderDrift)
• lon(lon)
• Radiance standard deviation during ambient blackbody view averaged over (675_680
  cm-1)(ABBviewStdDevRadiance675_680)
• AERI interferometer temperature at second port(interferometerSecondPortTemp)
• Limit applied to SWskyNEN in determination of SWskyNENacceptable(SWskyNENlimit)
• Imaginary radiance during sky view averaged over (985_990 cm-1)(skyViewImaginaryRadiance985_990)
• xxx(dataAvailable)
• base time(base_time)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (675_680 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance675_680)
• Maximum Temperature Difference Between HBB Thermistors(HBBmaxTempDiff)
• Number of terms used in finite field of view correction(numberOfTerms)
• Ambient blackbody temperature(ABBbottomTemp)
• Hot blackbody temperature used in calibration(calibrationHBBtemp)
• Weight factor for bottom used in calculating hot blackbody temperature average(HBBbottomTempWeight)
• Longwave surface air brightness temperature from radiance average (675_680 cm-1)(surfaceLayerAirTemp675_680)
• Shortwave window radiance average (2510_2515 cm-1)(shortwaveWindowRadiance2510_2515)
• Corrective offset for final ambient blackbody average temperature(ABBtempOffset)
• Scene mirror position encoder value(sceneMirPosEncoder)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Ambient blackbody temperature - apex(ABBapexTemp)
• Radiance standard deviation during hot blackbody view averaged over (2295_2300
  cm-1)(HBBviewStdDevRadiance2295_2300)
• Observation latitude(Latitude)
• Ambient blackbody temperature - rim top(ABBtopTemp)
• Maximum Standard Deviation in Thermistor Channels 0..7(maxSampleStdDev)
• Stirling cycle cooler current(coolerCurrent)
• Radiance standard deviation during hot blackbody view averaged over (985_990
  cm-1)(HBBviewStdDevRadiance985_990)
• Instrument scene mirror position identifier(sceneMirrorPosition)
• AERI ingest computer temperature measured at back panel of computer(computerTemp)
• Relative humidity measured in the optics compartment atop the interferometer.(opticsCompartmentRelativeHumidity)

• lat(lat)
• Observation relative humidity at AERI blackbodies(atmosphericRelativeHumidity)
• Maximum departure from ideal of the mirror position over the course of all
  contributing views. Typically two hot, two ambient, and one scene view are
  examine(sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift)
• Scene mirror view angle in non-negative degrees, measured clockwise looking into
  interferometer window.(sceneMirrorAngle)
• Julian Day including day and fraction of day(JulianDay)
• wavenumbers for standard deviation of radiance spectra(wnum2)
• lon(lon)
• Cold blackbody temperature used in calibration(calibrationCBBtemp)
• AERI instrument unit serial number(AERIunitNumber)
• Observation latitude(Latitude)
• Character string containing instrument name(instrumentUnitNumber)
• Time at center of AERI sky observation period(Time_UTC_hours)
• Version number of Operational Software(systemReleaseNumber)
• Standard deviation of radiance spectra ensemble(standard_dev_mean_rad)
• Type of scene that has been calibrated (ASCII character as float)(calibratedSceneID)
• Logical flag indicating whether hatch is open (true) or not open (false)(hatchOpen)
• Hot blackbody temperature used in calibration(calibrationHBBtemp)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• base time(base_time)
• Ambient temperature used in calibration(calibrationAmbientTemp)
• AERI instrument data channel number(channelNumber)
• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• Logical flag indicating that a data record is missing (true/false(missingDataFlag)
• Wave number(wnum)
• Ambient air temperature at hatch opening(outsideAirTemp)
• Time (HHMMSS)(timeHHMMSS)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• BB Support Structure Temperature(BBsupportStructureTemp)
• time(time)
• Mean of radiance spectra ensemble(mean_rad)
• Duration of scene view(sceneViewDuration)
• Observation longitude(Longitude)
• Observation atmospheric pressure in AERI electronics(atmosphericPressure)
• Observation date(dateYYMMDD)

• AERI LW Responsivity Spectral Averages (Ch1)(ResponsivitySpectralAveragesCh1)
• Time (HHMMSS)(timeHHMMSS)
• Longwave window brightness temperature from radiance average (985_990 cm-1)(longwaveWindowAirTemp985_990)
• Shortwave surface air brightness temperature from radiance average (2295_2300
  cm-1)(surfaceLayerAirTemp2295_2300)
• AERI SW Scene NESR Spectral Averages (Ch2)(SkyNENCh2)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum3)
• Longwave elevated air brightness temperature from radiance average (700_705
  cm-1)(elevatedLayerAirTemp700_705)
• Logical flag indicating whether longwave channel noise equivalent radiance is
  acceptable in sky view (true/false). Determined using LWskyNEN and
  LWskyNENlimit.(LWskyNENacceptable)
• Characteristic value representing overall longwave channel responsivity(LWresponsivity)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• AERI LW Scene Brightness Temp Spectral Averages (Ch1)(SkyBrightnessTempSpectralAveragesCh1)
• Longwave radiance average (700_705 cm-1) Elevated Air(elevatedLayerRadiance700_705)
• lat(lat)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum7)
• Difference between actual and ideal motor encoder values for current view
  indicative of quality of the mirror positioning.(sceneMirPosEncoderDrift)
• Maximum Temperature Difference Between HBB Thermistors(HBBmaxTempDiff)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum6)
• Cold blackbody temperature used in calibration(calibrationCBBtemp)
• The noise equivalent radiance observed in the longwave channel during a sky view
  at 1000 cm-1(LWskyNEN)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum13)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (675_680 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance675_680)
• Observation longitude(Longitude)
• xxx(dataAvailable)
• AERI LW Scene NESR Spectral Averages (Ch1)(SkyNENCh1)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (2282_2287 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance2282_2287)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum2)
• Observation latitude(Latitude)
• Longwave window radiance average (985_990 cm-1)(longwaveWindowRadiance985_990)
• Shortwave radiance average (2295_2300 cm-1) Surface Air(surfaceLayerRadiance2295_2300)
• AERI SW Scene Radiance Spectral Averages (Ch2)(SkyRadianceSpectralAveragesCh2)
• Characteristic value representing overall shortwave channel responsivity(SWresponsivity)
• Type of scene that has been calibrated (ASCII character as float)(calibratedSceneID)
• Longwave radiance average (675-680 cm-1) Surface Air(surfaceLayerRadiance675_680)
• AERI SW HBB 2min NESR Estimate #1 derived from variance during HBB view (Ch2)(HBB2minNENestimateNo1Ch2)
• Noise-equivalent Radiance in Hot Blackbody at 2500 cm-1(SW_HBB_NEN)
• Rain sensor analog output: the rain sensor is located inside the hatch near the
  sky aperture and is used to flag the critical condition of rain falling on
  the AERI s(rainSensorIntensity)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum12)
• time(time)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum1)
• Shortwave window radiance average (2510_2515 cm-1)(shortwaveWindowRadiance2510_2515)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (985_990 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance985_990)
• AERI instrument data channel number(channelNumber)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum9)
• Ambient air temperature at hatch opening(outsideAirTemp)
• The maximum excursion of hot-blackbody temperature over 5 consecutive scenes,
  centered on the sky view(HBBtempDrift)
• Observation relative humidity at AERI blackbodies(atmosphericRelativeHumidity)
• Scene mirror view angle in non-negative degrees, measured clockwise looking into
  interferometer window.(sceneMirrorAngle)
• Shortwave elevated air brightness temperature from radiance average (2282_2287
  cm-1)(elevatedLayerAirTemp2282_2287)
• Julian Day including day and fraction of day(JulianDay)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (700_705 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance700_705)
• AERI LW Scene Variability Spectral Averages (Ch1)(SkyUniformityCh1)
• Logical flag indicating that a data record is missing (true/false(missingDataFlag)
• Difference between frontEndFanAirHeatedTemp and frontEndFanAirUnheatedTemp
  indicative of front end air flow.(frontEndFanAirTempDiff)
• Hot blackbody temperature used in calibration(calibrationHBBtemp)
• Ambient temperature used in calibration(calibrationAmbientTemp)
• base time(base_time)
• Longwave surface air brightness temperature from radiance average (675_680 cm-1)(surfaceLayerAirTemp675_680)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum5)
• AERI SW Scene Variability Spectral Averages (Ch2)(SkyUniformityCh2)
• AERI LW HBB 2min NESR Estimate #1 derived from variance during HBB view (Ch1)(HBB2minNENestimateNo1Ch1)
• AERI SW HBB 2min NESR Estimate #2 derived from sequential HBB views (Ch2)(HBB2minNENestimateNo2Ch2)
• Logical flag indicating whether HBB temperature is stable (true) or not stable
  (false). Determined using HBBtempDrift and HBBtempDriftLimit.(HBBstable)
• AERI instrument unit serial number(AERIunitNumber)
• Observation atmospheric pressure in AERI electronics(atmosphericPressure)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (2510_2515 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance2510_2515)
• Noise-equivalent Radiance in Hot Blackbody at 1000 cm-1(LW_HBB_NEN)
• Observation date(dateYYMMDD)
• Sun sensor analog output: The sun sensor has a view angle to the sky slightly
  larger than the interferometer FOV and is aligned to the interferometer
  line-of-sight. I(sunSensorIntensity)
• Version number of Operational Software(systemReleaseNumber)
• Logical flag indicating whether shortwave channel noise equivalent radiance is
  acceptable in sky view (true/false). Determined using SWskyNEN and
  SWskyNENlimit.(SWskyNENacceptable)
• Maximum departure from ideal of the mirror position over the course of all
  contributing views. Typically two hot, two ambient, and one scene view are
  examine(sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift)
• AERI LW Scene Radiance Spectral Averages (Ch1)(SkyRadianceSpectralAveragesCh1)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum11)
• The noise equivalent radiance observed in the shortwave channel during a sky
  view at 2500 cm-1(SWskyNEN)
• lon(lon)
• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• AERI SW Responsivity Spectral Averages (Ch2)(ResponsivitySpectralAveragesCh2)
• Maximum Temperature Difference Between ABB Thermistors(ABBmaxTempDiff)
• Maximum Standard Deviation in Thermistor Channels 0..7(maxSampleStdDev)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum4)
• Duration of scene view(sceneViewDuration)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum8)
• AERI LW HBB 2min NESR Estimate #2 derived from sequential HBB views (Ch1)(HBB2minNENestimateNo2Ch1)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Shortwave radiance average (2282_2287 cm-1) Elevated Air(elevatedLayerRadiance2282_2287)
• Logical flag indicating whether hatch is open (true) or not open (false)(hatchOpen)
• AERI SW Scene Brightness Temp Spectral Averages (Ch2)(SkyBrightnessTempSpectralAveragesCh2)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum14)
• Shortwave window brightness temperature from radiance average (2510_2515 cm-1)(shortwaveWindowAirTemp2510_2515)
• Wave number in reciprocal centimeters(wnumsum10)
• Time at center of AERI sky observation period(Time_UTC_hours)
• Radiance standard deviation during sky view averaged over (2295_2300 cm-1)(skyViewStdDevRadiance2295_2300)
• Character string containing instrument name(instrumentUnitNumber)

• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• (tknd)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• base time(base_time)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• lon(lon)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• lat(lat)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)

• Percentage of nominal factory setting (0 to 999%)(receiver_sensitivity)
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Flag indicating aeri retrieval status(status_flag)
• Aerosol backscatter coefficient at 355 nm(backscatter)
• Millivolts at internal ADC input (0 to 2500)(background_light)
• range(range)
• Vertical visibility(vertical_visibility)
• lon(lon)
• Degrees from vertical (0 to +90)(tilt_angle)
• Altitude of highest signal(alt_highest_signal)
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• Backscatter sum(sum_backscatter)
• lat(lat)
• Percentage of nominal factory setting (0 to 999%)(laser_pulse_energy)
• Detection status. See details(detection_status)
• Warning and alarm status bits(status_string)
• 6 character string describing instrument measurement parameters(measurement_parameters)
• base time(base_time)
• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• Laser temperature(laser_temperature)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Millivolts at internal ADC input(window_contamination)

• Number of valid heights(nheight)
• Rx Bandwidth Switch Code(bswitch)
• Range Gate Spacing(rgs)
• Ave Time per Average Spectra.(spcavetim)
• Delay Time to 1st Gate(dly)
• elevation(elevation)
• Spectral Data (signal strength/freq int)(spc_amp)
• Interpulse Period(ipp)
• Radial Velocity Spectral Resolution(vsr)
• lon(lon)
• Height of Center of Last Range Gate(rgl)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Time Domain Integration Time(tditime)
• base time(base_time)
• Vertical FFT Bandwidth(vband)
• Sample Rate(sampr)
• Height of Center of First Range Gate(rgf)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Pulse Repetition Frequency(prf)
• Array of heights for each sample time(height_t)
• Oblique FFT Bandwidth(oband)
• Number of Pulse Code Bits(pcbits)
• Number of Coherent Samples/spectral point(ncoh)
• Number of Individual Spectra/Average Spectrum(nspc)
• Individual Spectrum Integration Time(sitime)
• Particle radius at logarithmic center of bin(bins)
• Height Index(range_gate)
• lat(lat)
• Beam Number(beam)
• Pulse Length(plen)

• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• base time(base_time)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lon(lon)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• lat(lat)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)

• Wave number(wnum)
• Logical flag indicating that a data record is missing (true/false(missingDataFlag)
• Ambient air temperature at hatch opening(outsideAirTemp)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Version number of Operational Software(systemReleaseNumber)
• Ambient temperature used in calibration(calibrationAmbientTemp)
• Maximum departure from ideal of the mirror position over the course of all
  contributing views. Typically two hot, two ambient, and one scene view are
  examine(sceneMirPosEncoderMaxDrift)
• Time at center of AERI sky observation period(Time_UTC_hours)
• Hot blackbody temperature used in calibration(calibrationHBBtemp)
• time(time)
• base time(base_time)
• Logical flag indicating whether hatch is open (true) or not open (false)(hatchOpen)
• Type of scene that has been calibrated (ASCII character as float)(calibratedSceneID)
• Observation atmospheric pressure in AERI electronics(atmosphericPressure)
• wavenumbers for standard deviation of radiance spectra(wnum2)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Time (HHMMSS)(timeHHMMSS)
• lon(lon)
• Cold blackbody temperature used in calibration(calibrationCBBtemp)
• BB Support Structure Temperature(BBsupportStructureTemp)
• Observation longitude(Longitude)
• Character string containing instrument name(instrumentUnitNumber)
• AERI instrument data channel number(channelNumber)
• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• Observation relative humidity at AERI blackbodies(atmosphericRelativeHumidity)
• AERI instrument unit serial number(AERIunitNumber)
• Julian Day including day and fraction of day(JulianDay)
• lat(lat)
• Mean of radiance spectra ensemble(mean_rad)
• Standard deviation of radiance spectra ensemble(standard_dev_mean_rad)
• Scene mirror view angle in non-negative degrees, measured clockwise looking into
  interferometer window.(sceneMirrorAngle)
• Observation date(dateYYMMDD)
• Duration of scene view(sceneViewDuration)
• Observation latitude(Latitude)

• Delay to First Range Gate(StartGateDelay)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Receiver Cal Time Stamp(RxCalTimeStamp)
• Number of Coherent Integrations(NumCoherentIntegrations)
• Max. height of clutter removal(ClutterHeight)
• Circular Depolarization Ratio(CircularDepolarizationRatio)
• DC Filtering ON-OFF Status(DCFilterONOFF)
• Average Noise Level (S/N<0)(AvgNoiseLevel)
• Pulse Width(PulseWidth)
• Current Receiver Number(ReceiverNumber)
• Receiver Gain(RxGain)
• RadarWaveLength(m) / [4 * InterPulsePeriod(s) * NumCoherentIntegrations](NyquistVelocity)
• Windowing ON-OFF Status(WindowingONOFF)
• MMCR Spectral Width(SpectralWidth)
• Gate Spacing(GateSpacing)
• Mean Noise Level(NoiseLevel)
• Receiver 290K Level(Rx290KLevel)
• Number of Receiver(NumReceivers)
• Minimum detectable reflectivity(MinimumDetectableReflectivity)
• TWT Status Code, details forthcoming from MMCR vendor(TWTStatusCode)
• MMCR Reflectivity(Reflectivity)
• Receiver Cal Check Level(CalCheckLevel)
• Receiver Cal Check Time Stamp(CalCheckTime)
• Number of Code Bits(NumCodeBits)
• lon(lon)
• Inter-Pulse Period(InterPulsePeriod)
• Range Corrected Calibrated Power(RangeCorrectedPower)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Receiver Sky Noise(SkyNoiseLevel)
• Time associated with hourly averaged values(TimeAvg)
• Data Quality Status(DataQualityStatus)
• lat(lat)
• Operating Set for this Record(ModeNum)
• Radar Constant(RadarConstant)
• radar mode char identifier(ModeDescription)
• Power (uncalibrated)(Power)
• Receiver Mode(ReceiverMode)
• Number of Spectral Averages(NumSpectralAverages)
• MMCR Mean Doppler Velocity(MeanDopplerVelocity)
• base time(base_time)
• Number of Gate Heights(NumHeights)
• Number of Points in FFT(NumFFT)
• Array of heights for each power(heights)
• Peak tranmitted power, averaged over the course of the hour(PeakTransmittedPowerAvg)
• time(time)
• Signal to Noise Ratio(SignalToNoiseRatio)

NSA/MWR/C1 - poor air temperature values

After the air temperature sensor was rewired due to a change with the new blower 
(D030515.3), the measurement was initially incorrect. There is no apparent cause for the bad 
signal or its improvement.

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

SGP/MWR/C1 - spare instrument

The spare MWR, S.N. 04, was installed while the production instrument, S.N. 10, was 
returned to the manufacturer for upgrades.

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• (tknd)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• lat(lat)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• base time(base_time)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• lon(lon)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• base time(base_time)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• lat(lat)

PYE/MWR/M1 - Instrument computer locked up

The MWR computer locked up and required a reboot at 00Z on June 9, 2005.  When the program 
was restarted, water vapor, liquid path, and temps dropped to zero.  They did not 
recover until 15Z the same day.

• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

SGP/MWR/C1 - REPROCESS - Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.  

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals.  
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based retrievals, for 
most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 456):
SGP/C1 (Lamont)     4/16/2002, 2000
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  4/12/2002, 1600
SGP/B4 (Vici)       4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B5 (Morris)     4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    4/16/2002, 2200
SGP/E14(Lamont)     4/16/2002, 0000
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     4/25/2002, 1900 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    4/18/2002, 1700
TWP/C1 (Manus)      5/04/2002, 0200
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      4/27/2002, 0600
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     inception

The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 984):

SGP/C1 (Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B4 (Vici)       6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B5 (Morris)     6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    6/24/2005, 1942
SGP/E14(Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     6/29/2005, 0000 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    6/29/2005, 0000
TWP/C1 (Manus)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     6/30/2005, 2100
PYE/M1 (Pt. Reyes)  4/08/2005, 1900**

** At Pt. Reyes, the original retrieval coefficients implemented in March 2005 were based 
on a version of the Rosenkranz model that had been modified to use the HITRAN half-width 
at 22 GHz and to be consistent with the water vapor continuum in MONORTM.  These 
retrievals yield nearly identical results to the MONORTM retrievals.  Therefore the Pt. Reyes 
data prior to 4/08/2005 may not require reprocessing.

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

PYE/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid water absorption 
model were developed. The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.	The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model. However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals. 
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

At Point Reyes, the original coefficients implemented in March 2005 were based on a 
version of the Rosenkranz model that had been modified to use the HITRAN half-width at 22 GHz 
and to be consistent with the water vapor continuum in MONORTM.  These retrievals yielded 
nearly identical results to the MONORTM retrievals.

The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active at PYE.M1 20050506.

Note: The PYE.M1 MWRLOS data for 20050201-20050506 have been reprocessed
to apply the MONORTM-based retrievals for all time. The reprocessed data
were archived in April 2007.  The TIP data have not been reprocessed.

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: Revised Calibration Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based 
retrievals, for most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data 
using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at NSA.C1 
20020425.1900.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at NSA.C1 20050629.0000.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the 
Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients to all MWR prior to April 
2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be undertaken to apply 
the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. 
Read reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to 
ensure you are aware which retrieval is in play.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at TWP.C1 
20020504.0200.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at TWP.C1 20050630.2100.

Note: The TWP.C1 data for 19961011-20050630 have been reprocessed to apply the

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

PYE/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Calibration corrected

On May 28 1:30 GMT the NFOV radiometer was placed in the field of view of the MWR tip 
calibration. Almost immediately calibration of the MWR was compromised resulting in incorrect 
brightness temperatures and overestimation of both PWV and LWP. 

On July 15 the NFOV radiometer was moved away from the MWR and the instantaneous 
calibration values jumped back to normal. The median values returned to normal on July 17 around 
2100.

The LOS data were reprocessed using interpolated values for the calibration coefficients.  
The reprocessed data are available from the ARM Archive effective December 7, 2005.  
NOTE: the format of the reprocessed data are slightly different than the format of the 
original data and the data available before and after the reprocessed data period.  The 
quality of the data are not affected, just the format.

The MWRTIP data can not be reprocessed and should be used with caution.

• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Possible loss of accuracy due to missing blower

On 7/09 the MWR blower failed. The blower prevents snow and liquid drop from accumulating 
on the window. Accumulation of snow or liquid results in a loss of accuracy of the 
instrument. The loss of accuracy has consequencies on the retrieved liquid water path and 
precipitable water vapor. Usually there will be an overestimation of liquid and vapor. The 
blower was repaired and reinstalled on 7/20. Between 7/9 and 7/20 the tkair variable is 
unavailable as well.

• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Instrument noise problem

Various variables including the mixer temperatures were very noisy. After several attempts 
to fix the problem, the instrument was taken off line and returned to the manufacturer 
for repair.

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• (tknd)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)

• Flag indicating where the initial surface water measurements are from: 0-> SMOS,
  1-> AERI(water_flag)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_fraction)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the IR brightness temperature(ir_temp_sdev)
• Number of data points averaged out of 15(number_obs_averaged)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31_sdev)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total water vapor amount(vap_sdev)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Probability of level change in ratio of averaged brightness temps(prob_level_change)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23_sdev)
• Probability of slope change in ratio of averaged brightness temps(prob_slope_change)
• Probability of outlier in ratio of averaged brightness temps(prob_outlier)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval flagged by Dynamic Linear Model as poten(dlm_flag_fraction)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total water vapor amount(vap_sdev)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the IR brightness temperature(ir_temp_sdev)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Number of contiguous periods in averaging interval flagged by Dynamic Linear Mo(dlm_flag_periods)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23_sdev)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)
• Number of contiguous periods in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_periods)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31_sdev)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_fraction)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Missing Data

Instrument was removed for repair.

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_fraction)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)
• lon(lon)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the IR brightness temperature(ir_temp_sdev)
• Number of points included in the ir_temp ensemble(num_obs_irt)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23_sdev)
• lat(lat)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31_sdev)
• Number of data points averaged for 23tbsky, 31tbsky, vap & liq(num_obs)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• base time(base_time)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total water vapor amount(vap_sdev)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• lat(lat)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• base time(base_time)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• lon(lon)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• base time(base_time)
• lon(lon)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• lat(lat)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Instrument problem, Heater problem

The heater of the MWR was ON all the time even when the moisture sensor was dry. Jim 
Liljegren suspected a problem with the relay that activates the heater. The suggested action 
was to send the faulty assembly to SGP for repair and get a spare unit from SGP.
The spare unit was sent on 9/15 and was installed on 10/18.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• lat(lat)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• lon(lon)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• (tknd)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• base time(base_time)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

PYE/MWR/M1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• (tknd)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

TWP/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in October 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)

• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Tip configuration number(tipn)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Blackbody temperature 1(tkbb1)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Blackbody temperature 2(tkbb2)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)

NSA/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in September 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one 
that caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of 
tip curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/15/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: wrong calibration

When MWR#20 was returned to service on 9/1/2005, the calibration had changed as a result 
of the repairs made by Radiometrics and the RF deck temperature had been set to 325K for 
testing. On 9/2, the temperature was decreased to 307K to prevent thermal instability in 
winter and the calibration was changed in the configuration file with the values supplied 
on the repair report.  

The data need to be reprocessed with the calibration coefficients that were automatically 
derived after these changes were put into affect. They are: tnd_nom23=185.621, 
tnd_nom31=158.801, tc23=-0.022, tc31=-0.039.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

SGP/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 08/04/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to 
~50s.

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

NSA/MWR/C1 -  Incorrect time stamp

On Sept 27 the motherboard of the MWR computer was replaced. Following the replacement, 
the date on the computer was not set to the correct time of day, therefore the date and 
time in the files were wrong. The time on the computer was reset on Sept. 30. Time stamps 
between Sept. 27 and Sept. 30 were later corrected based on gathered information, however 
they may have as much as 5 minutes of uncertainty.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• lat(lat)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• lon(lon)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• (tknd)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• base time(base_time)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

NIM/MWR/M1 - Instrument noise problem/RF interference

Data are affected by intermittent spikes that become more frequent starting in March 2006. 
Spikes affect data mostly around 9 AM and 18:00 PM. The origin of the spikes is probably 
RF interference.

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Software Change

The MWR operating software was changed on 27 February 1999 to provide additional
functionality as described below.
   
NEW FEATURES
1. Faster sampling rate
   
Standard line-of-sight (LOS) observations can now be acquired at 15-second intervals vs. 
20-second intervals previously. (The standard LOS cycle is comprised of one sky sample per 
blackbody sample and gain update.)
   
2. More flexible sampling strategy
   
Multiple sky observations can be acquired during a LOS cycle, up to 1024 per gain update. 
This permits sky samples to be acquired at intervals of 2.67 seconds for improved 
temporal resolution of cloud liquid water variations and better coordination with the millimeter 
cloud radar during IOPs.
   
3. Separation of zenith LOS observations from TIP data
   
When the radiometer is in TIP mode, the zenith LOS observations are now extracted, the PWV 
and LWP computed and reported separately in the output file. This eliminates the periods 
of missing LOS data during calibration checks/updates.
   
4. Automatic self-calibration
   
The software now permits the calibration to be updated at specified intervals or 
continuously. In the first case, LOS mode is automatically changed to TIP mode at user-specified 
intervals or whenever clear sky conditions occur, the tip data reduced, the calibration 
updated, and the radiometer returned to LOS mode without operator intervention. In the 
second case, the radiometer is continuously is TIP mode until changed by the operator.
   
5. Graphical user display
   
The graphical display is comprised of a status display, a message display, a temperature 
plot, a plot of the retrieved PWV and LWP, and (in TIP mode) a plot of the latest tip 
curves.

• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• base time(base_time)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• lat(lat)

NSA/MWR/C1 - software upgrade (version 3.28)

The MWR operating program was upgraded to version 3.28 on 3 February 1999. This version 
includes a beam width correction as well as providing the capability to automatically level 
the elevation mirror (that is, to automatically detect and correct offsets in the 
elevation angle stepper motor position.)

The improvement in the quality of the tip curves resulting from the auto-
leveling has been dramatic: differences in the brightness temperatures at
3 airmasses (19.5 and 160.5 degrees) have been reduced from +/- 5 K to
+/- 0.5 K.  In order to take full advantage of this improvement to detect and reject 
cloudy tip curves, the minimum value of the goodness-of-fit coefficient for a valid tip curve 
has been increased from 0.995 to 0.998.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

TWP/MWR/C1 - software upgrade (version 3.29)

The MWR operating program was upgraded to version 3.29 on 15 March 1999. This version 
included a beam width correction as well as provided the capability to automatically level 
the elevation mirror (that is, to automatically detect and correct offsets in the elevation 
angle stepper motor position.)
   
The improvement in the quality of the tip curves resulting from the auto-leveling has been 
dramatic: differences in the brightness temperatures at 3 airmasses (19.5 and 160.5 
degrees) have been reduced from +/- 5 K to +/- 0.5 K. In order to take full advantage of this 
improvement to detect and reject cloudy tip curves, the minimum value of the 
goodness-of-fit coefficient for a valid tip curve has been increased from 0.995 to 0.998.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Spikes in ambient temperature readings

There are intermittent spikes in the Tkair temperature (T ~ 400 K). On 7/28 the sensor 
was cleaned and the instrument power cycled following a power outage. Readings came back to 
normal.

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

NSA/MWR/C1 - TKAIR sensor failure

Between 7/14 and 7/28 the tkair variable is missing most of the time and sometimes has 
large negative spikes.  On 7/28, the sensor was cleaned of corrosion and the readings came 
back to normal.

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

NIM/MWR/M1 - Reprocessed: Recalibration to correct for occasional overheating.

The radiometer was intermittently thermally unstable resulting in poor calibrations for 
four brief time periods.  These data have been reprocessed to apply corrected calibrations. 
 The affected time periods were:

20060302-20060303
20060423-20060425
20060512-20060515
20060531-20060603

• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• (tknd)

NIM/MWR/M1 - Sun in field of view of radiometer

Around 12 pm every day between 8/1 and 8/31 there is an increase in the brightness 
temperature due to the sun being in the field of view of the radiometer.

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Rain sensor always on

The rain sensor was always on between 10/5 and 10/23 2006.
The user should be aware that not all data flagged as rainy are actually rainy. The 
problem was caused by a shift in the sensitivity of the rain sensor and was corrected by 
changing the sensor threshold in the configuration file.

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Radiometer failure

The instrument stopped responding and had to be powered off. Suspect cause of failure is a 
faulty digital board.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• lat(lat)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• base time(base_time)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)

• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(31r)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(31bb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• lat(lat)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(23ndiode)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Tip configuration number(tipn)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(23bb)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody signal(31tipbb)
• base time(base_time)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz calibration curve slope(23gain)
• Airmass value(airm)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody signal(23tipbb)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filltered(31expave)
• lon(lon)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(23bbn)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz calibration curve offset(23tbzenith)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(31tipskynd)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 31.4 GHz calibration curve offset(31tbzenith)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(31tipsky)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(23tipsky)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(23r)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(31ndiode)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(31bbn)
• 31.4 GHz calibration curve slope(31gain)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Blackbody temperature 1(tkbb1)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filltered(23expave)
• Blackbody temperature 2(tkbb2)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(23tipskynd)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• base time(base_time)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• lat(lat)

SGP/MWR/C1/E14 - Freezing rain-Incorrect rain flag

Between 01/12 and 01/15 brightness temperatures show high values (Tb > 100 K) indicative 
of rain, however the wet_window flag is 0 (indicative of no rain). During that time there 
where freezing conditions with ice pellets that were not detected by the sensor. The high 
brightness temperatures may be due to melting ice on the window.

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

TWP/MWR/C1/C2 - Sun in the field of view

Every day between around noon local time (usually between 1 and 2 AM UTC time) there is an 
increase in the brightness temperatures due to the sun in the field of view of the 
radiometer.

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)

• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent data

After a computer change the MWR program did not restart properly.  Data are intermittent 
between 6/12 and 6/17.

• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• lat(lat)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• base time(base_time)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)

• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(31r)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(31bb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• lat(lat)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(23ndiode)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Tip configuration number(tipn)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(23bb)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody signal(31tipbb)
• base time(base_time)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz calibration curve slope(23gain)
• Airmass value(airm)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody signal(23tipbb)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filltered(31expave)
• lon(lon)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(23bbn)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz calibration curve offset(23tbzenith)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(31tipskynd)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 31.4 GHz calibration curve offset(31tbzenith)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(31tipsky)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(23tipsky)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(23r)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(31ndiode)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(31bbn)
• 31.4 GHz calibration curve slope(31gain)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Blackbody temperature 1(tkbb1)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filltered(23expave)
• Blackbody temperature 2(tkbb2)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(23tipskynd)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Noisy data

Since 7/14 the MWR is experiencing intermittent periods of increased noise. The cause for 
this is under investigation.

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Reprocess: Radiometer reinstalled- Please reprocess

After the radiometer was reinstalled it had to update the calibration coefficients.
Data will be reprocessed

• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Incorrect ambient temperature readings

Starting on 11/21 the ambient temperature readings are intermittent and have spikes.
Site operators replaced the dew-blower on 12/11 and readings came back to normal

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• lat(lat)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• base time(base_time)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Spikes in air temperature readings

During this month there are occasional negative spikes in the Tkair variable. The problem 
may be corrosion in the temperature sensor or the infiltration of water from melting snow.
The dewblower was replaced and a new sensor installed

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

NSA/MWR/C1 - Missing surface air temperature data

Some wires in the dewblower were not correctly configured.

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Short periods of wrong ambient temperature