SGP/MWR/B4 - no air temperature signal

When the new blower was upgraded by Radiometrics and reinstalled on the MWR, the air 
temperature sensor failed to properly report. It was determined that the wires carrying the 
signal to the analog board did not conform to the standard expected by the upgraded blower. 
The problem was corrected by changing the wiring and modifying the MWR software to read 
the signal from the appropriate corresponding channel.

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

• Ambient temperature(tkair)

SGP/MWR/B4 - Heater problem

The heater does not appear to be operating properly when moisture is detected. The problem 
was corrected by adjusting the heater sensivity.

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

SGP/MWR/B4 - Reprocess: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals. 
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based retrievals, for 
most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at SGP.B4 20020415.2300.  The 
MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active at SGP.B4 20050624.2100.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the Rosenkranz-based retrieval 
coefficients to all MWR prior to April 2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be 
undertaken to apply the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. Read 
reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to ensure you are aware which 
retrieval is in play.

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/MWR/B4 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• (tknd)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)

• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

SGP/MWR/B4 - Reprocess: wrong retrievals

When the computer and core configuration were upgraded, retrieval coefficients for BF1 
were accidently included in the configuration file.
The correct coefficients for BF4 were applied when the software was upgraded to ver. 4.14 
and the configuration file was updated.

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/MWR/B4 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• lon(lon)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• lat(lat)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• base time(base_time)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)

• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• (tknd)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• lat(lat)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• base time(base_time)
• lon(lon)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)