SGP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the SGP MWRs have been
reported dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the
occurrence of blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those
expected. The symptoms included noisy data (especially at Purcell),
spikes in the data (especially at Vici), negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program (especially at the CF).

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which has not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program.

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/SIRS/E21 - False signal

During clear-sky conditions, downwelling shortwave values spike downward approximately 50 
to 200 W/m^2 around 22:15 UTC for about 15 minutes. This problem occurs at about the same 
time for the same duration each day during the indicated period of the year.  This 
effect is due to a shadow from the Rotating Bird Deterrent (RBD) installed earlier in the year 
to prevent extensive bird droppings at the site.  The RBD is installed at such a 
location that it will partially shade the downwelling shortwave PSP from 19 October to 23 
February of the year.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)

• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)

SGP/SIRS/E2 - Reprocess: Incorrect shortwave radiometer calibration coefficients

During the pyrgeometer instrument (PIR) changout a datalogger program was loaded with 
incorrect calibration coefficients for the shortwave instruments.  The affected measurements 
were : downwelling diffuse (DD), upwelling shortwave(US), direct normal (NIP) and 
downwelling shortwave(DS)

Recalculate irradiances by determining original mV signal and reapplying the correct 
calibration coefficients.  For each one minute irradiance value perform the following 
calculations by instrument:
DD(corrected) = (DD/107.24)*118.11
US(corrected) = (US/113.19)*118.21
NIP(corrected)= (NIP/120.17)*119.08
DS(corrected) = (DS/118.46)*117.33

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

SGP/SIRS/E8 - Possible Contamination of DS PSP instrument

Downwelling hemispheric shortwave values drop at about 1500 GMT under clear sky 
conditions, typically from about 14:00GMT to 16:00GMT.  This may be due to a dirty PSP but 
maintenance on 03/23/04 18:11 GMT revealed no more than typical light dust.  The problem was 
essentially undetectable by  03/31/04 12:00. The time of day that the problem exists appears 
to be an exagerated PSP cosine response.  No obvious reason presents why the problem 
appeared and then disappeared within this two week period.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)

• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)

SGP/SIRS/E21 - Instrument logger time problem, Unknown

Values of diffuse hemispheric shortwave radiation differ from derived values by at most 70 
Wm^(-2).  The incident appears to be isolated to 3/21, 3/22, and 3/23. An estimation of 
solar noon using downwelling shortwave hemispheric irradiance from the PSP shows solar 
noon to oocur at around 1845GMT on 3/21. Calculated solar noon occurs at E21 at 1831GMT for 
3/21/2004.  There appears to be a time discrepancy in the datalogger for these dates.  
04/01 is the next date with enough sun to determine solar noon and compare to calculated.  
The data from this date appears correct.  Ronald Reed [rreed@ops.sgp.arm.gov] reports 
the logger did not receive any reportable time updates during the late March time period.  
We don't know what happened during these three dates but from 3/24 on data looks acceptable.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Shaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(inst_up_short_hemisp)

• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Instantaneous Dome Temperature(inst_up_long_dome_temp)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Temperature, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_temp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Temperature, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_temp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Instantaneous Case Temperature(inst_up_long_case_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Poor Performing Sensor

On 4/23/2004 condensation was found inside the target area of the ORG lens. A spare was 
sent and installed but did not solve the problem of high background voltage values causing 
rainrate values to be recorded during no rainfall.  Values range anywhere from 0.06 to 
0.12 mm/hr.  

A new Optical Rain Gage was installed on 01/19/2005 @ 13:30 GMT alleviating the high 
background voltage values that lead to consistent rainfall rates of around 0.11 to 0.15 mm/hr 
on a consistent basis.  

The formula used to calculate rainfall rates from the new Optical Rain Gage is:  RR 
(mm/hr) = 25(V^1.87) - 0.15.

Older model formula = 20(V^2) - 0.05

The two formulas result in comparable data.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

SGP/SIRS/E24 - NIP shaded near sunrise

The NIP is shaded by the EF laptop computer enclosure near sunrise during parts of the 
Spring and Summer.  This has occurred from 04/08 to 05/20 and from 07/26 to 09/06 every year 
since 2001 and will occur during these date ranges in the future as well.  The shading 
occurs for a few minutes each day between 1200 and 1300 GMT depending on the time of the 
year.  For the early dates, shading occurs a little after 1200 GMT and by 05/20 shading 
happens nearer to 1300 GMT. In late July the shading occurs near 1300 GMT and closer to 
1200 GMT by 09/06.

• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Incorrect rainrate equation used.

There are two different Optical Raingages in use at the TWP sites.  The incorrect equation 
was used at this site.  The incorrect equation is (25*(V^1.87)) - 0.15.
The correct equation is (20*(V^2)) - 0.05.  The correct equation was installed.

• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)

SGP/SIRS/E8  - Reprocess: Incorrect shortwave radiometer calibration coefficients

During the pyrgeometer instrument (PIR) changeout a datalogger program was loaded with 
incorrect calibration coefficients for the shortwave instruments.  The affected measurements 
(instruments) were: downwelling diffuse (8-48), upwelling shortwave (PSP), direct normal 
(NIP) and downwelling shortwave (PSP)

Recalculate irradiances by determining original mV signal and reapplying the correct 
calibration coefficients.  For each one minute irradiance value perform the following 
calculations by instrument:
DD(corrected) = (DD/107.24)*116.37
US(corrected) = (US/113.19)*121.78
NIP(corrected)= (NIP/120.17)*122.47
DS(corrected) = (DS/118.46)*122.34

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)

SGP/SIRS/C1/E13 - Incorrect calibration coefficients

After the DIR changeout on 8/27, the DLH measurements at the central facility vary 
significantly between pyrgeometers by as much as 65 Wm^(-2).  It was discovered that the two 
downwelling pyrgeometers destined for C1 and E13 may have been swapped during installation.  
The instrument mentor is unsure of applied calibration coefficients during this DQR's 
time period.  Backing out new downwelling longwave irradiances would be difficult in this 
case. Fortunately, the problem period is less than a fortnight.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Temperature, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_temp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Temperature, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_temp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Temperature, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_temp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Temperature, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_temp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Shaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Shaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

NSA/MFR10M/C2 - No data collected during winter

The sun does not rise above the horizon at the NSA sites between
November and January each year.  During this time period, the MFR
instruments are removed and returned to PNNL for maintenance
and calibration.  The instruments are generally re-installed in
March.

• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Fields flagged by callang: 0 = No Flag\n,(callang_flags)
• time(time)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• base time(base_time)
• Broadband Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Uncalibrated Silicon Detector,
  GNDMFR(up_hemisp_broadband)
• Detector Temperature(head_temp)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• lat(lat)
• Data Logger Supply Voltage(logger_volt)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• lon(lon)
• 25 meter Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Broadband Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Uncalibrated Silicon Detector,
  GNDMFR(up_hemisp_broadband)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• 25 meter Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Cosine of Solar Zenith Angle(cosine_solar_zenith_angle)
• lat(lat)
• Data Logger Supply Voltage(logger_volt)
• Fields flagged by callang: 0 = No Flag\n,(callang_flags)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• lon(lon)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Detector Temperature(head_temp)
• time(time)
• base time(base_time)

SGP/SIRS/E22 - SWFANAL Data description error

The long name attribute for the cloud effect fields incorrectly
defines the cloud effect to be the difference between the 
clearskyfit and measured values:
   
"Difference: ***fluxdn_clearskyfit - ***fluxdn_measured (***fcg)" ;
   
The cloud effects are correctly calculated by subtracting the
irradiance calculated in the clear sky fit from the measured 
irradiance.
   
"Difference: ***fluxdn_measured - ***fluxdn_clearskyfit (***fcg)" ;
   
NOTE: this is just a documentation error.  The data are correctly
calculated.

• Difference: difswfluxdn_measured - difswfluxdn_clearskyfit (diffcg)(difswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: sswfluxdn_measured - sswfluxdn_clearskyfit (sswfcg)(sswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: gswfluxdn_measured - gswfluxdn_clearskyfit (gswfcg)(gswfluxdn_cloudeffect)

• Difference: sswfluxdn_measured - sswfluxdn_clearskyfit (sswfcg)(sswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: gswfluxdn_measured - gswfluxdn_clearskyfit (gswfcg)(gswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: difswfluxdn_measured - difswfluxdn_clearskyfit (diffcg)(difswfluxdn_cloudeffect)

SGP/SIRS/C1 - SWFANAL Data description error

The long name attribute for the cloud effect fields incorrectly
defines the cloud effect to be the difference between the 
clearskyfit and measured values:

"Difference: ***fluxdn_clearskyfit - ***fluxdn_measured (***fcg)" ;

The cloud effects are correctly calculated by subtracting the 
irradiance calculated in the clear sky fit from the measured 
irradiance.

"Difference: ***fluxdn_measured - ***fluxdn_clearskyfit (***fcg)" ;

NOTE: this is just a documentation error.  The data are correctly
calculated.

• Difference: difswfluxdn_measured - difswfluxdn_clearskyfit (diffcg)(difswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: sswfluxdn_measured - sswfluxdn_clearskyfit (sswfcg)(sswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: gswfluxdn_measured - gswfluxdn_clearskyfit (gswfcg)(gswfluxdn_cloudeffect)

• Difference: difswfluxdn_measured - difswfluxdn_clearskyfit (diffcg)(difswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: sswfluxdn_measured - sswfluxdn_clearskyfit (sswfcg)(sswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: gswfluxdn_measured - gswfluxdn_clearskyfit (gswfcg)(gswfluxdn_cloudeffect)

SGP/MWR/C1 - REPROCESS - Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.  

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals.  
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based retrievals, for 
most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 456):
SGP/C1 (Lamont)     4/16/2002, 2000
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  4/12/2002, 1600
SGP/B4 (Vici)       4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B5 (Morris)     4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    4/16/2002, 2200
SGP/E14(Lamont)     4/16/2002, 0000
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     4/25/2002, 1900 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    4/18/2002, 1700
TWP/C1 (Manus)      5/04/2002, 0200
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      4/27/2002, 0600
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     inception

The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 984):

SGP/C1 (Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B4 (Vici)       6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B5 (Morris)     6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    6/24/2005, 1942
SGP/E14(Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     6/29/2005, 0000 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    6/29/2005, 0000
TWP/C1 (Manus)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     6/30/2005, 2100
PYE/M1 (Pt. Reyes)  4/08/2005, 1900**

** At Pt. Reyes, the original retrieval coefficients implemented in March 2005 were based 
on a version of the Rosenkranz model that had been modified to use the HITRAN half-width 
at 22 GHz and to be consistent with the water vapor continuum in MONORTM.  These 
retrievals yield nearly identical results to the MONORTM retrievals.  Therefore the Pt. Reyes 
data prior to 4/08/2005 may not require reprocessing.

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

SGP/SIRS/E24 - Reprocess: Incorrect calibration coefficients

Calibration coefficient for the downwelling diffuse measurement (8-48 B&W Eppley 
instrument) was incorrect after the instrument replacement 8/18/2005.

Affected downwelling diffuse irradiance data can be corrected:
Irr(corr) = Irr(uncorr) / 122.85 * 112.85 (or a overall multiplier of .9186)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)

SGP/SIRS/E20 - Instrument noise problem

Afer recovery from lightening strike the upwelling longwave SIRS Eppley PIR (UIR) has had 
noise on both dome and case thermistor measurements.  On 4/12/2006 techs replaced 
defective j-panel at base of tower.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Instantaneous Case Temperature(inst_up_long_case_temp)
• Instantaneous Dome Temperature(inst_up_long_dome_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

TWP/SMET/C3 - ORG data noisy due to degraded ground

SMET Rain Data began to be noisy during December 2005 and the problem slowly became worse 
over time so that in February 2006 the ORG was reporting with a constant background value 
of around 0.10 mm/hr rain rate.  ORG voltage showed a near constant value above the 85mV 
threshold.  The ground for the ORG had become degraded and was lost due to corrosion.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Sensible and Latent Heat Flux Suspect

The left humidity sensor produced large spikes frequently.  This resulted in incorrect 
measurements of vapor pressure gradient and thus calculations of sensible and latent heat 
flux.

• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• latent heat flux(e)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)

SGP/SWATS/E9 - Incorrect reference temperature

The reference temperature was incorrect resulting in incorrect results for soil moisture 
measurements.

• Soil Water Potential, West Profile(soilwatpot_W)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Volumetric Water Content, East Profile(watcont_E)
• Sensor Temperature Rise, West Profile(trise_W)
• Sensor Temperature Rise, East Profile(trise_E)
• Volumetric Water Content, West Profile(watcont_W)
• Soil Water Potential, East Profile(soilwatpot_E)

SGP/SIRS/E2 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instanteous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data.  The 
reprocessed data were archived in September 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E3 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in March 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.									      
The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second  averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in August 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E4 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in March 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E5 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in March 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E6 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in March 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E7 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E8 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instanteous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in September 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E9 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instanteous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E10 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                               
              
The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in August 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E11 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.									      
The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in August 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E13 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E15 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E16 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E18 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E19 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E20 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in November 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E21 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in November 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E22 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.    
                                                                         
The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in August 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E24 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2004. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E27 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in May 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/C1 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E1 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.	

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data.  The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/EBBR/E27 - Most Measurements Suspect

The wrong EBBR program was used at this site.  Therefore, most of the measurements are 
suspect.

Note: Mentor reports reprocessing will not correct this problem.

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• net radiation(q)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• lat(lat)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Home signal(home)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• time(time)
• base time(base_time)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• lon(lon)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• net radiation(q)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• lat(lat)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• latent heat flux(e)
• base time(base_time)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• lon(lon)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• h(h)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Battery(bat)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• lat(lat)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• lon(lon)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• base time(base_time)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Signature(signature)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Home signal(mv_home)

SGP/THWAPS/B4 - Reprocess: RH% values 9% High

After replacement of the THWAPS T/RH sensor the span was incorrectly set to 0-100 instead 
of 0-110.  This caused the RH values to be 9% higher than actual values.

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)

NSA/MFR10M/C1 - Channel 415 noise

There are some very minor downward spikes in the 415 channel that were first noticed in 
the daytime data on 9/7/2006.  They occur throughout Sept and less into Oct/Nov.  The 
instrument was pulled on 11/22 and will be examined over the winter.  The spikes really are 
very minor, and at times only appear as minor bulges when the plot is expanded to a very 
large scale.

• 25 meter Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)

• 25 meter Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C1 SMET suite of instruments on 20061017. 
 Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC1.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 10/17, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros 
are not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19961009-20060926 and data from 
19961009-20061017 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• base time(base_time)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C2 SMET suite of instruments on 20061129. 
Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC2.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 11/29, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros are 
not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19981021-20060926 and data from 
19981021-20061129 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• base time(base_time)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the SMET suite of instruments effective 20060926. 
 Two new variables (count and rain amount) were added at the end of the twpsmet60sC1.b1 
datastream.  When reprocessing of this datastream occurs these variables will be added 
with -9999 (missing) as the value for dates prior to gauge installation.

• base time(base_time)

SGP/SIRS/C1 - Upwelling SW cable problem

Starting 11/13/2006, the C1 SIRS Upwelling Shortwave (up_short_hemisp) started to show 
large differences in comparison to co-located E13 SIRS and C1 IRT25m.  After much 
troubleshooting and gnashing of teeth it was discovered that rodents had chewed through the 
instrument cables at the bottom of the tilt tower. Cables were replaced 01/23/2007 1930GMT.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(inst_up_short_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E7 - Instrument noise

Beginning around 10/31, the E7 UIR experienced an increasingly noisy signal.  The 
thermopile signal was noisy, but case and dome thermistors are well behaved.  Maintenance 
reseated the UIR cable connections on 12/12/2006 which effectively eliminated the UIR noise.

The thermopile data from the upwelling pyrgeometer is noisy with resulting irradiance 
variations of up to 5 W/m2, but doesn't appear to have a bias.

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Instantaneous Dome Temperature(inst_up_long_dome_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Instantaneous Case Temperature(inst_up_long_case_temp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 40m wind sensor heater failure

The 40m wind direction became frozen at times.  The values from the sensor were flat-lined 
(stdev = 0) much of the time and did not match sensors from other levels.

• 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_SDU_WVT)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Barometer failure

The barometer began experiencing problems with noise resulting in incorrect data.  The 
problem becames worse over time; after 12/19/2006 @0151 GMT the barometer data is completely 
missing.  The barometer was replaced.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

SGP/SIRS/E18 - Noise in upwelling longwave data

After restart due to ice storm the upwelling longwave case and dome thermistors 
experienced intermittent noise. Last seen 7/24/2007, the noise is intermittent and can last several 
days.  When noise is not apparent, upwelling longwave measurements appear normal.

Only using upwelling longwave data that has been processed with ARMs qcrad VAP during this 
time period.  Or, disregard upwelling longwave data during this time.

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)

SGP/SIRS/C1 - Reprocess: Incorrect calibration coefficients

Incorrection calibration coefficients were used in the C1/SIRS datalogger program. The 
PSP-US (upwelling shortwave global hemispheric), 30943F3 should be 126.93 not 129.93 
[W/m2/mV].

• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(inst_up_short_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E22 - Reprocess: Incorrect calibration coefficients

NIP (short_direct_normal) 29541E6 had an incorrect calibration coefficient in the logger 
program. 128.97 should have been 126.67 [W/m2/mV].

• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

SGP/SIRS/E3 - Instrument leveling and tracker problem

Asymmetry between measured downwelling shortwave and derived downwelling shortwave 
hemispheric in the afternoon began late in fall and became more apparent as the sun moved higher 
in spring.  This can happen when the PSP is unlevel or when the NIP is not tracking well. 

The PSP level was corrected and the clock on tracker was reset.  Mentor suspects PSP was 
unlevel during this time range causing the discrepancy in measured vs. calculated 
downwelling shortwave hemispheric data.

• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)
• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/C1 - Upwelling LW cable problems

Troubleshooting of the upwelling shortwave instrument on Jan 3rd 2007 caused problems with 
the co-located upwelling longwave hemispheric irradiance Eppley PIR instrument (aka 
UIR).  Data dropouts persisted from this date to the final resolution of both shortwave and 
longwave instrument problems.  Rodents had chewed through the instrument cables.  The 
cables were replaced 01/23/2007 1930GMT.

• Instantaneous Case Temperature(inst_up_long_case_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Instantaneous Dome Temperature(inst_up_long_dome_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)

SGP/EBBR/E22 - Wind Direction Incorrect

Wind direction was flat-lining at 135 degrees and occasionally changed to 0.4 degrees.

• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)

SGP/SWATS/E10 - Incorrect temperature rise

All the temperature rise values were incorrect (trise_W, trise_E).  Soil moisture 
variables are also incorrect due to the incorrect T-rise values.  Soil temperature measurements 
are not affected.

• Volumetric Water Content, East Profile(watcont_E)
• Soil Water Potential, East Profile(soilwatpot_E)
• Volumetric Water Content, West Profile(watcont_W)
• Sensor Temperature Rise, West Profile(trise_W)
• Soil Water Potential, West Profile(soilwatpot_W)
• Sensor Temperature Rise, East Profile(trise_E)

SGP/SMOS/E7 - Wind sensor binding at low wind speeds

The wind sensor bearings were failing causing the wind speed sensor to report lower than 
actual wind speeds when the winds were below 2 m/s.  The wind monitor was replaced on 
05/29/2007 but this failed to correct the problem.  Subsequently, the site was flooded and it 
took some time to re-establish normal operations.  The wind sensor was again replaced on 
10/30/2007.  After replacement the wind data from the SMOS compared more favorably to 
the co-located EBBR data.

• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)

• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 20m RH Data Questionable

The 20m RH data was questionable at times.  When the data appeared to be poor was when the 
2m and 20m agreed better than the 20m and the 40m and/or 10m.

• Standard Deviation of 20m Calculated Dew Point(DP20M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP20M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Relative Humidity(RH20M_STD)
• 20m Average Relative Humidity(RH20M_AVG)
• 20m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP20M_AVG)
• 20m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP20M_AVG)

SGP/RL/C1 - Invalid liquid water channel data

On 20060906, the liquid water channel (LWC) was disabled due to the removal of its 
photomultiplier tube (PMT).  Consequently, the signals recorded for the LWC contain either zero 
or pure noise after that date.

Also, starting on 20070522, the LWC was populated with data from the T2 channel as a 
result of a slight reconfiguration of the data acquisition system.

On 4 March 2008 The LW channel photomultiplier tube was reinstalled in the Raman lidar. 
Effective 0000 UTC on 5 March 2008 the LW channel began producing valid liquid water data 
once again.

• Count rate in the high liquid channel(liquid_counts_high)
• Summed analog signal in the liquid water channel(liquid_analog_high)

SGP/EBBR/E27 - Multiplexer #2 failure

A problem with the #2 Multiplexer caused a large number of measurements to be incorrect.  
Sensible and latent heat fluxes were often affected.

• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• net radiation(q)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• h(h)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)

• net radiation(q)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Home signal(home)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Home signal(mv_home)

TWP/AERI/C2 - Reprocess: Incorrect lat/lon/alt

AERI reporting wrong lat/lon in data.  The values reported are representative of Darwin, 
not Nauru.  A low level reprocessing task has been submitted.

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(raw)

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

SGP/SIRS/E20 - Failed tracker and improperly configured tracker

On 1/15/2007 the E20 tracker failed due to weather.  On 3/14 it was replaced but 
configured incorrectly (presumably the wrong lat/long).  This wasn't discovered and corrected 
until 6/6/2007 1745GMT.
All shortwave instruments dependent on proper tracker were affected.  This includes 
measurements: downwelling shortwave diffuse and direct normal.  Additionally, the global 
shortwave instrument have also been shaded during the second time range due to improperly set 
tracker.

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)
• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)

SGP/SIRS/E18 - Instrument noise problem

Starting May 12th 2007 DIR experiencing persistent, intermittent data dropouts and noise.  
PM found a damaged PIR cable and repaired 01/02/08 2240GMT. 

Noise seems to be unbiased and dropouts are beyond QC limits making QC flags a possible 
option in filtering for good data. However, using data during this period is not 
recommended.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Shaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)

SGP/AERI/E14 - Reprocess: Incorrect altitude reported

• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Observation Altitude(Altitude)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Tracker inoperative

Tracker stopped working at this site during the time range specified. Reason for failure 
is unknown.  Tracker power cycled and restarted by maintenance 06/30 2008 1740 GMT.

The short_direct_normal (NIP) and down_short_diffuse_hemisp (8-48) data are bad during 
this time.  Data are not recoverable.

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)

• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)

SGP/RL/C1 - Degraded sensitivity in WFOV channels

The sensitivity of all the wide field-of-view (WFOV) channels was abnormally low due a 
malfunction of the filter wheel. The filter wheel for the WFOV channels did not rotate into 
position properly and thus partially obscured the return light.

• Glue coefficient (offset) for low water vapor channel(water_counts_low_glue_coef_offset)
• Count rate in the low elastic channel(elastic_counts_low)
• Fit parameters for the low nitrogen channel(parameters_nitrogen_low)
• Solar background in the low channel water channel(solar_background_water_low)
• Glue coefficient (slope) for low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_counts_low_glue_coef_slope)
• Fit parameters for the low elastic channel(parameters_elastic_low)
• Solar background in the low channel nitrogen channel(solar_background_nitrogen_low)
• Count rate in the low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_counts_low)
• Fit parameters for the low water vapor channel(parameters_water_low)
• Glue coefficient (slope) for low elastic channel(elastic_counts_low_glue_coef_slope)
• Glue coefficient (slope) for low water vapor channel(water_counts_low_glue_coef_slope)
• Count rate in the low water vapor channel(water_counts_low)
• Solar background in the low channel elastic channel(solar_background_elastic_low)
• Glue coefficient (offset) for low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_counts_low_glue_coef_offset)
• Glue coefficient (offset) for low elastic channel(elastic_counts_low_glue_coef_offset)

• Summed analog signal in the low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_analog_low)
• Summed analog signal in the low elastic channel(elastic_analog_low)
• Summed analog signal in the low water vapor channel(water_analog_low)
• Count rate in the low elastic channel(elastic_counts_low)
• Count rate in the low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_counts_low)
• Count rate in the low water vapor channel(water_counts_low)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Valid LWP > 1mm excluded from 5 min avgs

The limit of maximum valid liquid water path was set at 1 mm.  Although
this limit was selected 'conservatively' so as to definitely flag
precipitation-contaminated data in the 20-second (sgpmwrlos) files,
the effect has been to exclude valid liquid water paths greater than 1
mm from the 5-minute averages (sgp5mwravg).

The maximum limits for precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water
path (LWP) have been removed, and the averaging algorithm instead
excludes data on the basis of the brightness temperature flags.  These
flags are set below a minimum of 2.75 K (cosmic background) and above
a maximum of 100 K (precipitation).

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)