SGP/MWR/C1 - Intermittent Negative Sky Brightness Temperatures

Several related and recurring problems with the SGP MWRs have been
reported dating back to 1999.  These problems were due to the
occurrence of blackbody signals (in counts) that were half of those
expected. The symptoms included noisy data (especially at Purcell),
spikes in the data (especially at Vici), negative brightness
temperatures, and apparent loss of serial communication between the
computer and the radiometer, which results in a self-termination of the
MWR program (especially at the CF).

Because these all initially appeared to be hardware-related problems,
the instrument mentor and SGP site operations personnel (1) repeatedly
cleaned and replaced the fiber optic comm. components, (2) swapped
radiometers, (3) sent radiometers back to Radiometrics for evaluation
(which has not revealed any instrument problems), and (4) reconfigured
the computer's operating system.  Despite several attempts to isolate
and correct it, the problem persisted.

It became apparent that some component of the Windows98 configuration
conflicted with the DOS-based MWR program or affected the serial port
or the contents of the serial port buffer. This problem was finally
corrected by upgrading the MWR software with a new Windows-compatible
program.

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

SGP/SIRS/E27 - Instrument problem, Shadowband Misalignment

Downwelling and Upwelling longwave values are somewhat noisy due to noisy PIR (pygeometer) 
case and dome thermistor measurements on both the upwelling and downwelling PIRs. This 
problem dates back to the beginning of the SIRS E27 data stream.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Instantaneous Case Temperature(inst_up_long_case_temp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Instantaneous Dome Temperature(inst_up_long_dome_temp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Temperature, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_temp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Temperature, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)

NSA/MFR10M/C2  - Head temp out of tolerance

Beginning on 06/03, the 415 nm channel appears to be erratic or noisy at times, which does 
not coincide with the other channels.  Maintenance on 07/02 corrected this problem.

head_temp readings occasionally spike or are erratic, especially between 1500 and 2000 
UTC.  On 06/17, head_temp readings became ambient due to a bad signal cable connection.  
Maintenance on 07/02 ended this problem as well.

Due to the head_temp readings becoming largely out of tolerance, all channel readings 
should be considered questionable, especially after 06/17.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• 25 meter Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Broadband Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Uncalibrated Silicon Detector,
  GNDMFR(up_hemisp_broadband)
• Detector Temperature(head_temp)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• 25 meter Upwelling Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)

SGP/SIRS/E21 - False signal

During clear-sky conditions, downwelling shortwave values spike downward approximately 50 
to 200 W/m^2 around 22:15 UTC for about 15 minutes. This problem occurs at about the same 
time for the same duration each day during the indicated period of the year.  This 
effect is due to a shadow from the Rotating Bird Deterrent (RBD) installed earlier in the year 
to prevent extensive bird droppings at the site.  The RBD is installed at such a 
location that it will partially shade the downwelling shortwave PSP from 19 October to 23 
February of the year.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)

• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)

SGP/SIRS/E11 - PSP dome contamination

Measured values of diffuse shortwave downwelling radiation fluctuated below derived values 
of downwelling shortwave radiation during the afternoon hours under clear conditions, 
probably due to a dirty PSP dome. 

SMOS precipitation and wind speed data reveal rain and wind on 02/19/03 at 2300 GMT 
probably contaminated the PSP dome with dirt.

Precipitation of .4mm on 02/29/04 1400 seems to have effectively cleared the PSP dome 
since PSP data on 03/01/04 compares correctly to direct and diffuse components.

• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)

SGP/SIRS/E2 - Reprocess: Incorrect shortwave radiometer calibration coefficients

During the pyrgeometer instrument (PIR) changout a datalogger program was loaded with 
incorrect calibration coefficients for the shortwave instruments.  The affected measurements 
were : downwelling diffuse (DD), upwelling shortwave(US), direct normal (NIP) and 
downwelling shortwave(DS)

Recalculate irradiances by determining original mV signal and reapplying the correct 
calibration coefficients.  For each one minute irradiance value perform the following 
calculations by instrument:
DD(corrected) = (DD/107.24)*118.11
US(corrected) = (US/113.19)*118.21
NIP(corrected)= (NIP/120.17)*119.08
DS(corrected) = (DS/118.46)*117.33

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

SGP/SIRS/E27 - incorrect tracking

The solar tracker at E27 was not functioning properly.  The problem affected tracker 
mounted instruments: downwelling diffuse 8-48 and direct normal pyrheliometer NIP.  

After tracker adjustment on 4/14/2004 1700GMT the tracker stopped tracking properly during 
afternoon hours.  Attempts to correct tracker operation throughout the failure period 
resulted in variations on incorrect tracker operation.  No replacement tracker was available.

After adjustment on 9/15/2004 the tracker problem was resolved.  It is unclear what, other 
than typical az and zen tracker software changes by field techs, corrected the problem.  
This problem period corresponds to the first time range specified (4/14 to 9/15). 

On 10/27/2004 a replacement tracker was installed at E27.  Technical difficulties kept 
tracker out of service until 11/05/2004. The replacement tracker at E27 was put into serice 
by the field techs on 11/05/2004 1830GMT.  The tracker has been tracking correctly since 
this time.  This problem period corresponds to the second time range (10/27 to 11/05).

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)

• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)
• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Poor Performing Sensor

On 4/23/2004 condensation was found inside the target area of the ORG lens. A spare was 
sent and installed but did not solve the problem of high background voltage values causing 
rainrate values to be recorded during no rainfall.  Values range anywhere from 0.06 to 
0.12 mm/hr.  

A new Optical Rain Gage was installed on 01/19/2005 @ 13:30 GMT alleviating the high 
background voltage values that lead to consistent rainfall rates of around 0.11 to 0.15 mm/hr 
on a consistent basis.  

The formula used to calculate rainfall rates from the new Optical Rain Gage is:  RR 
(mm/hr) = 25(V^1.87) - 0.15.

Older model formula = 20(V^2) - 0.05

The two formulas result in comparable data.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

SGP/SIRS/E11 - Reprocess: Incorrect shortwave radiometer calibration coefficients

During the pyrgeometer instrument (PIR) changeout a datalogger program was loaded with 
incorrect calibration coefficients for the shortwave instruments.  The affected measurements 
(instruments) were: downwelling diffuse (8-48), upwelling shortwave (PSP), direct normal 
(NIP) and downwelling shortwave (PSP)

Field tech reports the datalogger program was corrected on 4/27/04.  Archive data review 
shows this was not the case and the corrected datalogger program was uploaded sometime 
late day 5/4/04. The end date for this DQR was chosen to be 5/5/04 0000 the first full day 
of the correct datalogger program.

Recalculate irradiances by determining original mV signal and reapplying the correct 
calibration coefficients.  For each one minute irradiance value perform the following 
calculations by instrument:
DD(corrected) = (DD/107.24)*123.27
US(corrected) = (US/113.19)*127.75
NIP(corrected)= (NIP/120.17)*126.69
DS(corrected) = (DS/118.46)*126.56

• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

SGP/SIRS/E22 - SWFANAL Data description error

The long name attribute for the cloud effect fields incorrectly
defines the cloud effect to be the difference between the 
clearskyfit and measured values:
   
"Difference: ***fluxdn_clearskyfit - ***fluxdn_measured (***fcg)" ;
   
The cloud effects are correctly calculated by subtracting the
irradiance calculated in the clear sky fit from the measured 
irradiance.
   
"Difference: ***fluxdn_measured - ***fluxdn_clearskyfit (***fcg)" ;
   
NOTE: this is just a documentation error.  The data are correctly
calculated.

• Difference: difswfluxdn_measured - difswfluxdn_clearskyfit (diffcg)(difswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: sswfluxdn_measured - sswfluxdn_clearskyfit (sswfcg)(sswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: gswfluxdn_measured - gswfluxdn_clearskyfit (gswfcg)(gswfluxdn_cloudeffect)

• Difference: sswfluxdn_measured - sswfluxdn_clearskyfit (sswfcg)(sswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: gswfluxdn_measured - gswfluxdn_clearskyfit (gswfcg)(gswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: difswfluxdn_measured - difswfluxdn_clearskyfit (diffcg)(difswfluxdn_cloudeffect)

SGP/SIRS/C1 - SWFANAL Data description error

The long name attribute for the cloud effect fields incorrectly
defines the cloud effect to be the difference between the 
clearskyfit and measured values:

"Difference: ***fluxdn_clearskyfit - ***fluxdn_measured (***fcg)" ;

The cloud effects are correctly calculated by subtracting the 
irradiance calculated in the clear sky fit from the measured 
irradiance.

"Difference: ***fluxdn_measured - ***fluxdn_clearskyfit (***fcg)" ;

NOTE: this is just a documentation error.  The data are correctly
calculated.

• Difference: difswfluxdn_measured - difswfluxdn_clearskyfit (diffcg)(difswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: sswfluxdn_measured - sswfluxdn_clearskyfit (sswfcg)(sswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: gswfluxdn_measured - gswfluxdn_clearskyfit (gswfcg)(gswfluxdn_cloudeffect)

• Difference: difswfluxdn_measured - difswfluxdn_clearskyfit (diffcg)(difswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: sswfluxdn_measured - sswfluxdn_clearskyfit (sswfcg)(sswfluxdn_cloudeffect)
• Difference: gswfluxdn_measured - gswfluxdn_clearskyfit (gswfcg)(gswfluxdn_cloudeffect)

SGP/MWR/C1 - REPROCESS - Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.  

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals.  
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based retrievals, for 
most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 456):
SGP/C1 (Lamont)     4/16/2002, 2000
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  4/12/2002, 1600
SGP/B4 (Vici)       4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B5 (Morris)     4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    4/16/2002, 2200
SGP/E14(Lamont)     4/16/2002, 0000
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     4/25/2002, 1900 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    4/18/2002, 1700
TWP/C1 (Manus)      5/04/2002, 0200
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      4/27/2002, 0600
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     inception

The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 984):

SGP/C1 (Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B4 (Vici)       6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B5 (Morris)     6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    6/24/2005, 1942
SGP/E14(Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     6/29/2005, 0000 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    6/29/2005, 0000
TWP/C1 (Manus)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     6/30/2005, 2100
PYE/M1 (Pt. Reyes)  4/08/2005, 1900**

** At Pt. Reyes, the original retrieval coefficients implemented in March 2005 were based 
on a version of the Rosenkranz model that had been modified to use the HITRAN half-width 
at 22 GHz and to be consistent with the water vapor continuum in MONORTM.  These 
retrievals yield nearly identical results to the MONORTM retrievals.  Therefore the Pt. Reyes 
data prior to 4/08/2005 may not require reprocessing.

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Instrument noise problem

Various variables including the mixer temperatures were very noisy. After several attempts 
to fix the problem, the instrument was taken off line and returned to the manufacturer 
for repair.

• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• (tknd)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)

• Flag indicating where the initial surface water measurements are from: 0-> SMOS,
  1-> AERI(water_flag)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_fraction)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the IR brightness temperature(ir_temp_sdev)
• Number of data points averaged out of 15(number_obs_averaged)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31_sdev)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total water vapor amount(vap_sdev)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Probability of level change in ratio of averaged brightness temps(prob_level_change)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23_sdev)
• Probability of slope change in ratio of averaged brightness temps(prob_slope_change)
• Probability of outlier in ratio of averaged brightness temps(prob_outlier)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• (tknd)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval flagged by Dynamic Linear Model as poten(dlm_flag_fraction)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total water vapor amount(vap_sdev)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the IR brightness temperature(ir_temp_sdev)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Number of contiguous periods in averaging interval flagged by Dynamic Linear Mo(dlm_flag_periods)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23_sdev)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)
• Number of contiguous periods in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_periods)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31_sdev)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_fraction)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

SGP/MWR/C1 - Instrument offline

Instrument was taken offline and returned to manufacturer for repair.  Data are missing 
and unrecoverable.

• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• (tknd)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• lat(lat)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• base time(base_time)
• lon(lon)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)

• Flag indicating where the initial surface water measurements are from: 0-> SMOS,
  1-> AERI(water_flag)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_fraction)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31_sdev)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total water vapor amount(vap_sdev)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23_sdev)
• Probability of slope change in ratio of averaged brightness temps(prob_slope_change)
• Number of points included in the ir_temp ensemble(num_obs_irt)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• lat(lat)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the IR brightness temperature(ir_temp_sdev)
• Number of data points averaged out of 15(number_obs_averaged)
• base time(base_time)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Probability of level change in ratio of averaged brightness temps(prob_level_change)
• lon(lon)
• Number of data points averaged for 23tbsky, 31tbsky, vap & liq(num_obs)
• Probability of outlier in ratio of averaged brightness temps(prob_outlier)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• lon(lon)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• (tknd)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• base time(base_time)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• lat(lat)

• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval flagged by Dynamic Linear Model as poten(dlm_flag_fraction)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the IR brightness temperature(ir_temp_sdev)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Number of contiguous periods in averaging interval flagged by Dynamic Linear Mo(dlm_flag_periods)
• lat(lat)
• lon(lon)
• base time(base_time)
• Number of points included in the ir_temp ensemble(num_obs_irt)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31_sdev)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total water vapor amount(vap_sdev)
• Number of data points averaged for 23tbsky, 31tbsky, vap & liq(num_obs)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23_sdev)
• Standard deviation about the mean for the total liquid water amount(liq_sdev)
• Number of data points averaged for ir_temp(num_obs_ir)
• Number of contiguous periods in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_periods)
• Fraction of data in averaging interval with water on Teflon window(water_flag_fraction)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)

SGP/SIRS/E24 - Reprocess: Incorrect calibration coefficients

Calibration coefficient for the downwelling diffuse measurement (8-48 B&W Eppley 
instrument) was incorrect after the instrument replacement 8/18/2005.

Affected downwelling diffuse irradiance data can be corrected:
Irr(corr) = Irr(uncorr) / 122.85 * 112.85 (or a overall multiplier of .9186)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Instrument failure

A lightning strike caused a failure in the ORG.  Rainfall was being continually recorded.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 10m Wind Speed Low

The 10m wind speed values are too low due to ice accumulation on the cup anemometer.

• 10m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS10M_S_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS10M_U_WVT)

SGP/SIRS/E1 - Intermittantly missing downwelling diffuse

Starting on or about 10/26/2005 the downwelling diffuse hemispheric irradiance (Eppley 
8-48) instrument had intermittant missing values. Technicians found a loose wire on the 
instrument connector and repaired it on 4/4/2006. 

Use global shortwave hemispheric (PSP) component - normal incident component (CosZA*NIP) 
to calulate diffuse component.  Comparison of absolute difference between actual and 
computed diffuse component values and diffuse standard deviations > 1-2 W/m2 can help filter 
the noisy diffuse data.  There is no standard method.

• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)

• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

SGP/SIRS/E21 - Roosting birds in field of view

The RBDD (Rotating Bird Deterrent Device) installed at E21 to prevent turkey vultures from 
roosting on the instrument boom failed resulting in noisy NIP (Short Direct Normal) and 
PSP (Short Global Hemispheric) data and a spike occurring around 2230 UTC everyday due to 
obstruction of the field of view.

Problem is intermittant due to moving birds.  Use data with discretion.  Follow ARM 
(DQMS3) flag recommendations for QC flags 02 or 03 found in section 5.1.4 of the SIRS handbook:
http://www.arm.gov/publications/tech_reports/handbooks/sirs_handbook.pdf

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)
• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Wind direction measurements suspect

20m wind direction standard deviation was 0 degrees for extended periods of time.  This 
suggests the wind vane was icing up.

• 20m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD20M_SDU_WVT)

SGP/SIRS/E2 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instanteous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data.  The 
reprocessed data were archived in September 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E4 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in March 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E5 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in March 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E6 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in March 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E7 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E8 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instanteous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in September 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E9 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instanteous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E10 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                               
              
The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in August 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E11 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.									      
The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in August 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E13 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E15 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E16 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E18 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E19 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E20 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in November 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E21 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in November 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E22 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.    
                                                                         
The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in August 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/E24 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in July 2004. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

SGP/SIRS/E27 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in May 2003. These 
modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)

SGP/SIRS/C1 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations. 

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records. 
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data. The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)

SGP/SIRS/E1 - Reprocessed: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in February 2004. 
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data. The previous 
procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.	

The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place have been reprocessed to 
remove the calibration bias.  The reprocessed 60 second averaged data are based on 3 
instantaneous 20 second data records rather than on 60 1 second instantaneous data records.  
Still, these data are considered far superior to the originally processed data.  The 
reprocessed data were archived in October 2006.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Atmospheric Pressure(AtmPress)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT bias

The IRT reported higher surface temperatures than the PIR due to corrosion on the 
terminals of the lightning protection module and a ground wire error. The corrosion was cleaned 
and the wiring corrected.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)

NSA/MFR10M/C1 - Channel 415 noise

There are some very minor downward spikes in the 415 channel that were first noticed in 
the daytime data on 9/7/2006.  They occur throughout Sept and less into Oct/Nov.  The 
instrument was pulled on 11/22 and will be examined over the winter.  The spikes really are 
very minor, and at times only appear as minor bulges when the plot is expanded to a very 
large scale.

• 25 meter Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)

• 25 meter Upwelling Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(up_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C1 SMET suite of instruments on 20061017. 
 Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC1.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 10/17, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros 
are not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19961009-20060926 and data from 
19961009-20061017 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• base time(base_time)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C2 SMET suite of instruments on 20061129. 
Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC2.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 11/29, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros are 
not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19981021-20060926 and data from 
19981021-20061129 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• base time(base_time)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the SMET suite of instruments effective 20060926. 
 Two new variables (count and rain amount) were added at the end of the twpsmet60sC1.b1 
datastream.  When reprocessing of this datastream occurs these variables will be added 
with -9999 (missing) as the value for dates prior to gauge installation.

• base time(base_time)

TWP/GNDRAD/C2 - IRT signal

When the other GNDRAD radiometers were replaced on 12/3/2006, the quality of the IRT 
signal began to degrade until 12/26 when it became unusable. The instrument was replaced on 
2/4/2007.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)

SGP/SIRS/E18 - Noise in upwelling longwave data

After restart due to ice storm the upwelling longwave case and dome thermistors 
experienced intermittent noise. Last seen 7/24/2007, the noise is intermittent and can last several 
days.  When noise is not apparent, upwelling longwave measurements appear normal.

Only using upwelling longwave data that has been processed with ARMs qcrad VAP during this 
time period.  Or, disregard upwelling longwave data during this time.

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(up_long_netir)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)

TWP/TSI/C2 - hazy image

Condensation in the camera lens and/or filter caused the sky images to be "hazy". The 
desiccant in the main enclosure was changed and the neutral density filter was cleaned.

• PNG data stream - documentation not supported(png)

• Pixel count: number total indeterminant(count.unknown)
• Pixel count: number opaque in horizon area(region.horizon.count.opaque)
• Solar azimuth angle(solar.azimuth)
• lon(lon)
• Pixel count: number thin in sun circle(region.sun.count.thin)
• Pixel count: camera and sun strip mask(count.mask)
• Sunshine meter(sunny)
• Pixel count: number total between horizon and processed circle(count.sub.proczen)
• lat(lat)
• Sun altitude above horizon(solar.altitude)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Relative \'strength\' of direct sun(sun.strength)
• Pixel count: number thin in horizon area(region.horizon.count.thin)
• Pixel count: number total in zenith circle(region.zenith.count)
• Pixel count: number total in sun circle(region.sun.count)
• base time(base_time)
• Pixel count: number below horizon in image(count.sub.horz)
• Pixel count: number opaque in sun circle(region.sun.count.opaque)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Percent opaque cloud(percent.opaque)
• Pixel count: box, outside mirror area(count.box)
• Pixel count: number thin in zenith circle(region.zenith.count.thin)
• Pixel count: number total in processed circle(count.sky)
• Pixel count: number opaque in zenith circle(region.zenith.count.opaque)
• Percentage thin cloud(percent.thin)
• Pixel count: number total thin(count.thin)
• Pixel count: number total in horizon area(region.horizon.count)
• Pixel count: number total opaque(count.opaque)

• JPG data stream - documentation not supported(JPEG data stream - documentation not yet available)

• (MPEG data stream - documentation not yet available)

SGP/SIRS/E22 - Reprocess: Incorrect calibration coefficients

NIP (short_direct_normal) 29541E6 had an incorrect calibration coefficient in the logger 
program. 128.97 should have been 126.67 [W/m2/mV].

• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

TWP/SKYRAD/C2 - IRT measurement error

The IRT was not properly calibrated and was not able to measure sky temperatures below 
273.2 K. (This instrument was the same one damaged by lightning in November 2005 in Darwin. 
It was returned for repair and received a new lens but was calibrated only down to 0 deg 
C, so the problem was neither detected nor repaired.) The IRT was replaced on 2/22/2007.

• Sky Infra Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Sky Infra Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Standard Deviation of Sky Infra Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp_std)

SGP/SIRS/E3 - Instrument leveling and tracker problem

Asymmetry between measured downwelling shortwave and derived downwelling shortwave 
hemispheric in the afternoon began late in fall and became more apparent as the sun moved higher 
in spring.  This can happen when the PSP is unlevel or when the NIP is not tracking well. 

The PSP level was corrected and the clock on tracker was reset.  Mentor suspects PSP was 
unlevel during this time range causing the discrepancy in measured vs. calculated 
downwelling shortwave hemispheric data.

• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)
• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)

SGP/SMOS/E7 - Wind sensor binding at low wind speeds

The wind sensor bearings were failing causing the wind speed sensor to report lower than 
actual wind speeds when the winds were below 2 m/s.  The wind monitor was replaced on 
05/29/2007 but this failed to correct the problem.  Subsequently, the site was flooded and it 
took some time to re-establish normal operations.  The wind sensor was again replaced on 
10/30/2007.  After replacement the wind data from the SMOS compared more favorably to 
the co-located EBBR data.

• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)

• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Reprocess: Wind Direction 20 Degrees Low

The EBBR wind direction was found to be misaligned 20 degrees low. 

This bias should have had no effect on the res_ws or sigma_wd measurements.

• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)

• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)

SGP/RL/C1 - Invalid liquid water channel data

On 20060906, the liquid water channel (LWC) was disabled due to the removal of its 
photomultiplier tube (PMT).  Consequently, the signals recorded for the LWC contain either zero 
or pure noise after that date.

Also, starting on 20070522, the LWC was populated with data from the T2 channel as a 
result of a slight reconfiguration of the data acquisition system.

On 4 March 2008 The LW channel photomultiplier tube was reinstalled in the Raman lidar. 
Effective 0000 UTC on 5 March 2008 the LW channel began producing valid liquid water data 
once again.

• Count rate in the high liquid channel(liquid_counts_high)
• Summed analog signal in the liquid water channel(liquid_analog_high)

TWP/AERI/C2 - Reprocess: Incorrect lat/lon/alt

AERI reporting wrong lat/lon in data.  The values reported are representative of Darwin, 
not Nauru.  A low level reprocessing task has been submitted.

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(raw)

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)

SGP/EBBR/E26 - Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes Affected by bad temp sensor

The left Thum (temperature of the humidity sensor chamber) measurement was incorrect at 
times, affecting several measurements, including the sensible and latent heat fluxes.

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• latent heat flux(e)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)

SGP/SIRS/E18 - Instrument noise problem

Starting May 12th 2007 DIR experiencing persistent, intermittent data dropouts and noise.  
PM found a damaged PIR cable and repaired 01/02/08 2240GMT. 

Noise seems to be unbiased and dropouts are beyond QC limits making QC flags a possible 
option in filtering for good data. However, using data during this period is not 
recommended.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Net Infrared(down_long_netir)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Shaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)

TWP/AERI/C3 - Reprocess: Incorrect lat/lon/alt

Periodic GPS malfunctions caused faulty Latitude and Longitude values
in the data.  Correct values are:
LAT = -12.424597
LON = 130.891552

• lon(lon)
• Observation latitude(Latitude)
• Observation longitude(Longitude)
• lat(lat)
• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Observation latitude(Latitude)
• lat(lat)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Observation longitude(Longitude)
• lon(lon)
• Observation Altitude(Altitude)

• lat(lat)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• lon(lon)
• Observation longitude(Longitude)
• Observation latitude(Latitude)

• Observation Altitude(Altitude)
• Observation longitude(Longitude)
• Observation latitude(Latitude)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• lat(lat)
• lon(lon)

SGP/SIRS/E21 - Ventilator Fan Failure

Start time is uncertain due to length of time this problem existed.  During the time frame 
specified the PSP (down_short_hemisp) and 8-48 (down_short_diffuse_hemisp) ventilator 
fans failed. PM replaced the fans 7/1/2008 1500. 
Ventilator failure does adversely affect thermopile radiometer measurements but the extent 
has not been quantified. The 8-48 is significantly less affected than the PSP. Mentor 
suggests using component sum method detailed in SIRS
instrument handbook where down_short_hemisp = down_short_diffuse +
short_direct_normal * cos (zenith angle) for each time record.

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Down-welling unshaded pyranometer voltage(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Tracker inoperative

Tracker stopped working at this site during the time range specified. Reason for failure 
is unknown.  Tracker power cycled and restarted by maintenance 06/30 2008 1740 GMT.

The short_direct_normal (NIP) and down_short_diffuse_hemisp (8-48) data are bad during 
this time.  Data are not recoverable.

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)

• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)

SGP/MFRSR/En - Incorrect alltime units

Units of alltime_hemisp_broadband and alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter(N) are incorrect.  
They should be counts.  A low priority reprocessing task has been submitted to correct 
this metadata error.

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)

• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)

• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)

• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)

• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)

• Alltime Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance(alltime_hemisp_broadband)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Alltime Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(alltime_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)

SGP/RL/C1 - Degraded sensitivity in WFOV channels

The sensitivity of all the wide field-of-view (WFOV) channels was abnormally low due a 
malfunction of the filter wheel. The filter wheel for the WFOV channels did not rotate into 
position properly and thus partially obscured the return light.

• Glue coefficient (offset) for low water vapor channel(water_counts_low_glue_coef_offset)
• Count rate in the low elastic channel(elastic_counts_low)
• Fit parameters for the low nitrogen channel(parameters_nitrogen_low)
• Solar background in the low channel water channel(solar_background_water_low)
• Glue coefficient (slope) for low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_counts_low_glue_coef_slope)
• Fit parameters for the low elastic channel(parameters_elastic_low)
• Solar background in the low channel nitrogen channel(solar_background_nitrogen_low)
• Count rate in the low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_counts_low)
• Fit parameters for the low water vapor channel(parameters_water_low)
• Glue coefficient (slope) for low elastic channel(elastic_counts_low_glue_coef_slope)
• Glue coefficient (slope) for low water vapor channel(water_counts_low_glue_coef_slope)
• Count rate in the low water vapor channel(water_counts_low)
• Solar background in the low channel elastic channel(solar_background_elastic_low)
• Glue coefficient (offset) for low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_counts_low_glue_coef_offset)
• Glue coefficient (offset) for low elastic channel(elastic_counts_low_glue_coef_offset)

• Summed analog signal in the low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_analog_low)
• Summed analog signal in the low elastic channel(elastic_analog_low)
• Summed analog signal in the low water vapor channel(water_analog_low)
• Count rate in the low elastic channel(elastic_counts_low)
• Count rate in the low nitrogen channel(nitrogen_counts_low)
• Count rate in the low water vapor channel(water_counts_low)

SGP/MWR/B1/B4/B5/B6/C1 - Thermal Stabilization Adjustment

In order to correct a thermal stabilization problem identified earlier
I adjusted the thermal set point of the microwave radiometers at the
SGP upward from 48-50 deg C to 55 deg C in early August 1996 according
to the schedule given below.

B6    5 August 1996
C1    6 August 1996
B1    7 August 1996
B5    8 August 1996

Subsequent to making this adjustment the MWRs were put in TIP mode to
check on whether the change in set point temperature affected their
calibration.  Because clear sky conditions were quite intermittent, it
is difficult to determine whether the substantial variability in the
tip data were attributable to the change in thermal set point.  The
instrument calibration was not altered in August.

Tip data were again collected with these instruments in September prior
to the beginning and at the close of the Water Vapor IOP.  For example,
the calibration of the instrument at the central facility (S/N 10)
derived from the September data was essentially the same as that
derived from calibration data acquired in February 1996.  Although this
would lead one to believe that altering the thermal set point did not
affect the instrument calibration, it may be that some transient effect
was induced.

In comparing soundings launched from the central facility with the
microwave radiometer there, I noticed that those sondes calibrated in
June 1996 consistently reported lower integrated water vapor than the
radiometer in July and September (during the IOP) but were in better
agreement with the radiometer for the two weeks period immediately
after the set point was adjusted.  I suspect that adjusting the thermal
set point may have temporarily increased the radiometer gain
(kelvins/volt) thereby lowering the measured brightness temperature and
the retrieved integrated water vapor.

It is not clear why a temporary change in gain should occur or even
whether it did.  But users of the data should be aware that the data
from the microwave radiometers at the SGP may be anomalous during
August 1996.

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)

• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)

• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Sky brightness temperature at 31.4 GHz(tbsky31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Sky brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz(tbsky23)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)

• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(31tbsky)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(23tbsky)