SGP/EBBR/E4 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.

Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1620, 1625, 1630, 1635, 1640, 1645, 1650, 1655, 1700,
           1705, 1710, 1715, 1720, 1725, 1730, 1735, 1740
15 minute: 1630, 1645, 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745
30 minute: 1630, 1700, 1730, 1800

(EDITORS NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)

SGP/EBBR/E7 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1605, 1610, 1615, 1620, 1625, 1630, 1635, 1640, 1645,
           1650, 1655, 1700, 1705, 1710, 1715, 1720, 1725, 1730,
           1735, 1740, 1745, 1750
15 minute: 1615, 1630, 1645, 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745, 1800
30 minute: 1630, 1700, 1730, 1800

(EDITOR'S NOTE: The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1640, 1645, 1650, 1655, 1700, 1705, 1710, 1715, 1720,
           1725, 1730, 1735, 1740, 1745, 1750, 1755, 1800, 1805,
           1810, 1815, 1820, 1825, 1830, 1835
15 minute: 1645, 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745, 1800, 1815, 1830, 1845
30 minute: 1700, 1730, 1800, 1830, 1900


(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis referrs to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h


5 minute:  1820, 1825, 1830, 1835, 1840, 1845, 1850, 1855, 1900,
           1905, 1910, 1915, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940, 1945
15 minute: 1830, 1845, 1900, 1915, 1930, 1945
30 minute: 1830, 1900, 1930, 2000


(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• h(h)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1515, 1520, 1525, 1530, 1535, 1540, 1545, 1550, 1555,
           1600, 1605, 1610
15 minute: 1515, 1530, 1545, 1600, 1615
30 minute: 1530, 1600, 1630

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045,
           2050, 2055, 2100, 2105
15 minute: 2015, 2045, 2100, 2115
30 minute: 2030, 2100

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

SGP/EBBR/E15 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1650, 1655, 1700, 1705, 1710, 1715, 1720, 1725, 1730,
           1735, 1740, 1745, 1750, 1755, 1800, 1805
15 minute: 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745, 1800, 1815
30 minute: 1700, 1730, 1800, 1830

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• latent heat flux(e)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1520, 1525, 1530, 1535, 1540, 1545, 1550, 1555, 1600,
           1605
15 minute: 1530, 1545, 1600, 1615
30 minute: 1530, 1600, 1630

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• h(h)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

SGP/EBBR/E22 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1650, 1655, 1700, 1705, 1710, 1715, 1720, 1725, 1730, 1735
15 minute: 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745
30 minute: 1700, 1730, 1800

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• h(h)

• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Reprocess: Bad soil heat flux sensor #4

On September 11, 1993 soil heat flux sensor #4 of the Plevna, KS EBBR
(E4) malfunctioned.  The sensor was replaced September 23, 1993 before
1600. Corrupted 30 minute values of shf4, c_shf4, g4, ave_shf, h, and e,
and corrupted 15 minute values of mv_hft4 resulted from the sensor
malfunction.  

The quantities shf4, c_shf4, g4, and mv_hft4 are bad data values and are not 
recoverable.  The other quantities can be recalculated using the three
functioning sets of soil sensors. (Note: Soil heat flux sensor #5 was also
malfunctioning during the time periods identified and has therefore been
eliminated from the recalculation equations.  This problem is identified
in a separate DQR.)

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3)/3
e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)
h = -(e + ave_shf + q)

• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• h(h)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Reprocess: Bad soil heat flux sensor #5

On September 1, 1993 the EBBR system at Plevna, E4, was relocated in the
same field.  However, soil contact for soil heat flux plate #5 was not
properly established.  This resulted in somewhat high positive and very
high negative outputs, depending on the direction of soil heat flow.
Corrupted 30 minute values of shf4, c_shf4, g4, ave_shf, h, and e,
and corrupted 15 minute values of mv_hft4 resulted.

The quantities shf4, c_shf4, g4, and mv_hft4 are bad data values and
are not recoverable.  The other quantities can be recalculated using
the four functioning sets of soil sensors. (Note: Soil heat flux 
sensor #4 was also malfunctioning during part of the time period 
identified.  That problem is identified in two separate DQRs.  See
D931108.5 and D020701.2 for the equations to use while sensor #4
was not working properly)

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3 + g4)/4
e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)
h = -(e + ave_shf + q)

• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• h(h)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - incorrect home signal

EDITOR'S NOTE:  This DQR refers to data collected by the EBBR at E13 prior
to the begin date of regular ARM data.  At that time, the data streams which
contain the EBBR.E13 data were named 
      Dsgp15ebbr1.a0
      Dsgp30ebbr1.a1
      Dsgp5ebbr1.a0
These data are not readily available from the ARM archive, but can be
made available by special request.  The actual time range of the problem
described here is 921230.0000-930423.1200.



EBBR1, Central Facility reported incorrect home value signals from 30
December 1992 through 23 April 1993.  The home signals are used in the
calculation of fluxes by the CR10 data logger.  The fluxes for this period
are thus invalid as reported and must be recalculated from the archived 15
minute data.  The proper home signals are less than 35 for 30 minute home
signal and greater than 35 for 15 minute home signal.  Home signals were
the same value for 15 minute and 30 minute during the period of interest,
although they were not a constant value.  The chronology of the situation
is reported below.  On 7 April 1993 I noticed the problem in the A0 data.

On 30 December 1992, the automatic exchange mechanism (AEM) of the Central
Facility EBBR froze up with ice and stopped working (surmised from looking
at the EBBR1 data).  This caused a fuse to blow and stop the mechanism from
operating.  However, one channel of the CR10 data logger was apparently damaged
in the process.  The condition of the AEM only, was noticed on 4 January 1993
by site operations personnel.  The blown fuse was replaced, which started
the AEM working; but AEM home signal values between 30 Dec and 04 Jan were
around zero.  Home values remained around zero until at least January 8, 1993.
I have a gap in data archived at ANL between 8 and 15 January 1993, during
which I do not know quite what was happening.  On 11 January 1993 site
operations personnel found that the EBBR1 battery was run down and the EBBR
thus was not working.  A new battery was installed.  On 15 January the home
values were about 34.  I am assuming that they became 34 upon installation
of the new battery on 11 January.  Until at least 15 January the home signals
stayed around 34.  After that period the home signals became greater than
35 and generally were around 36.  Only occasionally (a few hours here and
there)were the home signals just above or below 35 to produce the proper
flux outputs.  On 23 April 1993, at my direction (and after a week of tests
on other parts of the system), the CR10 data logger was replaced.  This solved
the problem.  In fact, previous to this I had suggested reloading the software
into the previous CR10, but the CR10 would not accept it; as soon as the
machine was deactivated before that procedure it stopped working altogether.
I find it amazing that it worked at all, although all data other than the home
signals, and the calculated quantities dependent on them looked perfectly
acceptable during the period of interest; there is no evidence that the
CR10 was malfunctioning in other areas.

The road to restoring the 30 Dec to 23 April data would be a rocky one, as
each 15 minute data period would have to be examined to determine the
proper position of the sensors on the AEM.  However, it is possible to
reconstruct most of the 30 minute calculated values from the 15 minute data.

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Home signal(home)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• lat(lat)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lon(lon)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• net radiation(q)
• base time(base_time)

• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• h(h)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• lat(lat)
• base time(base_time)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• net radiation(q)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• lon(lon)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)

EBBR - soil heat flux plate giving opposite sign

EDITOR'S NOTE: This DQR refers to data collected by the EBBR at E20 prior
to the begin date of regular ARM data.  At that time, the data streams which
contain the EBBR.E20 data were named
      Dsgp15ebbr6.a0
      Dsgp30ebbr6.a1
      Dsgp5ebbr6.a0
These data are not readily available from the ARM archive, but can be
made available by special request.  The actual time range of the problem
described here is 930405.0000-930429.2359.


Soil heat flux sensor #3 of EBBR6, at Meeker, Ok extended site was
determined by me to have one heat flux plate whose output was out of phase
with the other four.  The absolute value of the soil heat flux value
produced by the plate was good.  Normally, this condition is caused either
by improper wiring of the sensor into the data acquisition system (this was
checked by site operations personnel on 29 April; wiring convention was
correct) or by the plate being installed upside down.  The latter seems
fairly obvious, although the plate was not dug up to check it's orientation;
that is not neccesary and would be detrimental since it takes time for such
sensors to acclimate themselves to their soil environment.

The consequence of this problem is that 5 soil heat flux plate outputs were
being averaged, with one of the outputs being of opposite sign from the
other four.  Since the outputs are similar, in absolute terms, this
essentially resulted in an average soil heat flux plate value that is 40%
too low.  In terms of output, this a reduction of around 10 W per meters
squared, or 1-2% of the RN+G term during maximum solar insolation.  This is
clearly a small error.

Site operations personnel switched the soil heat flux plate leads to give
the proper sign of output, on 29 April 1993, time unknown (this can be
determined from looking at the ingested data later; it hasn't been ingested
yet).  The instrument operated properly at that point.  Thus, the problem
has been corrected.

• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• net radiation(q)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• lat(lat)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• h(h)
• base time(base_time)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• lon(lon)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• base time(base_time)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• lat(lat)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• lon(lon)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• net radiation(q)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Home signal(home)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - incorrect meteorological observations

EDITOR'S NOTE:  This DQR refers ti data collected by the EBBR at E13 prior
to the begin date of regular ARM data.  At that time, the data streams which
contain the EBBR.E13 data were named
      Dsgp15ebbr1.a0
      Dsgp30ebbr1.a1
      Dsgp5ebbr1.a0
These data are not readily available from the ARM archive, but can be 
made available by special request.  The actual time range of the problem
described here is 930417.1200-930422.1730.


Beginning at 1200 UTC on 17 April 1993, EBBR1, Central Facility, outputs
ramped to extreme values, some positive, some negative.  These outputs ended
their ramping approximately 3 hours later.  Comparison with SMOS data
indicate that no time averaged outputs from EBBR1 were consistent with the
SMOS after 1200 UTC.

It appears that the averaging instruction in the CR10 data logger had been
corrupted.  On 22 April site operations, at my request, tried to reenter
the software; this attempt was completely unsuccessful, indicating that the
CR10 probably had other problems as well.  EBBR1 was offline from 1730 UTC
on 22 April until 1400 UTC on 23 April, when a new CR10 was installed and the
software downloaded successfully.

Since a SDS utility for extracting real time data from the CF SMOS had not been
established, EBBR1 was being used for weather observations.  All EBBR1
measurements of meteorological quantities during the period above are
invalid.

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Home signal(home)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• lat(lat)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lon(lon)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• net radiation(q)
• base time(base_time)

• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• h(h)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• lat(lat)
• base time(base_time)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• net radiation(q)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• lon(lon)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - pressure calibration

In the original Campbell CR10 software provided by the vendor (version 1),
the EBBR had incorrect calibration pressure sensor slopes and offsets.
The slopes and offset was carried through into version 2 of the
software and was not discovered by the mentor (me) until sometime later.
The calibration and slope did not deleteriously affect calculations in
the program since only a four percent reduction in atmospheric pressure
measurement resulted (the calculations are not very sensitive to small
errors in pressure). The vendor does not recall how the wrong
calibrations came to be used.   

Version 4 of the CR10 program includes the proper calibration and offset. 
This remedies the apparent offset problem (it was actually a calibration 
and offset problem). In comparisons with the co-located SMOS pressure
sensor, the difference between the SMOS and EBBR pressure values appeared
almost constant with time, hence the assumption of an offset problem.
However, the EBBR pressure sensor offsets are so large (a consequence of
tailoring the calibration curve to a small range of elevations in which the
calibration applies) that the very small error in slope was difficult to
recognize.

The outputted pressure values for the EBBR system can be corrected
with the following information and equations.  

         Old Slope     Old Offset        New Slope     New Offset

          0.01952        81.24            0.02031        81.27

   Correct Pressure =
               ((Current Pressure Data - 81.24)*0.02031/0.01952) + 81.27
                    =  1.04047*(Current Pressure Data) - 3.258

• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - solid moisture correction

In the original EBBR software (Version 1) for the Campbell CR10 at the Central
Facility (E13), adjustment of the soil moisture for soil type was performed
differently than for the other EBBR systems.  This was supposed to have
been changed prior to installation (according to the vendor), but the
change was not made.  This adjustment was carried into Version 2 and was
not discovered by the mentor (me) until later.  A polynomial is used to
adjust the measured soil moisture for differences between the soil type at
the location of installation (clay-loam assumed) and the soil type (sand)
used in the calibration of the soil moisture sensor.  The adjustment in
the E13 EBBR only, was computed on the basis of a sandy-loam soil.

Presently, a clay-loam soil type is assumed for each EBBR location.  Soil
types at the extended facilities have not been characterized yet, although
there are hopes of doing so in the future.  The effect of using a
polynomial for sandy-loam soil instead of clay-loam soil is to decrease the
resultant soil moisture values by approximately 14.5% when the clay-loam
polynomial would indicate a soil moisture of 28.3%, and by approximately
38.3% when the clay-loam polynomial would indicate a soil moisture of 6.3%.
The normal range of soil moisture at the EBBR sites is approximately 3% to
35%.

The effect of the soil moisture decreases above on the adjustment to soil heat
flux plate measurements is less than 1.0%.  The effect on the change in
energy storage in the soil (determined from the change in soil temperature
over time) is a 10% decrease for a soil moisture of 28.3% and a decrease of
13.0% for a soil moisture of 6.3%.  The change in energy storage is typically
5% of the total surface energy budget during mid-day and 25% at night.
Therefore, the soil type adjustment error in the Central Facility EBBR
resulted in approximately a 0.5% error in the surface energy budget during
mid-day and 2.5% at night.  These are small and acceptable errors and
should not cause one to need to recalculate energy budget values.

• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• h(h)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Reprocess: Intermittently bad soil heat flux sensor #4

On October 23, 1993 soil heat flux sensor #4 (which had been installed on
September 23, 1993) of the Plevna, KS EBBR (E4) developed an intermittent poor
electrical contact with the multiplexer.  Corrupted 30 minute values of shf4,
c_shf4, g4, ave_shf, h, and e, and corrupted 15 minute values of mv_hft4
resulted from this situation.  

The quantities shf4, c_shf4, g4, and mv_hft4 are bad data values and are not 
recoverable.  The other quantities can be recalculated using the three
functioning sets of soil sensors. (Note: Soil heat flux sensor #5 was also
malfunctioning during the time periods identified and has therefore been
eliminated from the recalculation equations.  This problem is identified
in a separate DQR.)

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3)/3
e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)
h = -(e + ave_shf + q)

• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• h(h)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - pressure calibration

In the original Campbell CR10 software provided by the vendor (version 1),
the EBBR had incorrect calibration pressure sensor slopes and offsets.
The slopes and offset was carried through into version 2 of the
software and was not discovered by the mentor (me) until sometime later.
The calibration and slope did not deleteriously affect calculations in
the program since only a four percent reduction in atmospheric pressure
measurement resulted (the calculations are not very sensitive to small
errors in pressure). The vendor does not recall how the wrong
calibrations came to be used.   

Version 4 of the CR10 program includes the proper calibration and offset. 
This remedies the apparent offset problem (it was actually a calibration 
and offset problem). In comparisons with the co-located SMOS pressure
sensor, the difference between the SMOS and EBBR pressure values appeared
almost constant with time, hence the assumption of an offset problem.
However, the EBBR pressure sensor offsets are so large (a consequence of
tailoring the calibration curve to a small range of elevations in which the
calibration applies) that the very small error in slope was difficult to
recognize.

The outputted pressure values for the EBBR system can be corrected
with the following information and equations.  

         Old Slope     Old Offset        New Slope     New Offset

          0.01952        81.24            0.02031        81.27

   Correct Pressure =
               ((Current Pressure Data - 81.24)*0.02031/0.01952) + 81.27
                    =  1.04047*(Current Pressure Data) - 3.258

• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - AEM malfunction

Beginning when the E4, Plevna EBBR was moved to a different location in the
same area on August 29, 1993, the home_15 signal began to malfunction
intermittently.  The home_15 signal is normally between 45 and 53; in the
case where it malfunctions, it reads approximately 22.  The home signal is
sampled only once per fifteen minute period to indicate the position of the
Automatic Exchange Mechanism (AEM).  However, the realtime value is used every
30 seconds to determine the sign of the gradient of temperature and relative
humidity.  Clearly, the 15 minute sample may not always reflect the proper
position if something is wrong with the AEM.  Therefore, when the home_15
signal is incorrect for a half hour, it is wise to view the preceding and
successive half hours of data with suspicion as well as the half hour of
interest.  Affected data are 5 minute values of mv_home; 15 values of
tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot,
and home; 30 minute values of tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot,
hum_top, hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, and home_15.  The dates on
which this problem occurred were (all 1993) August 29, September 2, 3, 6-8,
10-16, 18-29, October 1-11, 13-31, and November 1-4.

On November 4, 1993 the AEM was replaced at Plevna, correcting the problem
described in this PIF.

• Home signal(home)

• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)

• Home signal(mv_home)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Drop in atmospheric pressure

Beginning September 22, 1993, the atmospheric pressure sensor at the E8
EBBR began showing drops of as much as 5 kPa for about half a day.  These
could be easily seen in comparisons with the SMOS pressure sensor.  The
drops were diurnal and occurred during daytime, at the same time as other
quantities such as temperature, net radiation, and battery voltage were at
the highest levels of the day.  It is unclear what exactly caused this
situation.  Replacement of the Campbell multiplexer to which the pressure
sensor was connected caused the problem to go away.  The same multiplexer was
then used as a replacement for the other multiplexer in the E8 EBBR and has not
shown any odd behavior on the channel that previously served the pressure
sensor.  My conclusion is that there was poor electronic contact of the
pressure sensor to the multiplexer.

Affected pressure data can only be easily seen by comparison with SMOS
pressure data.  No EBBR data other than pressure is affected by the
pressure problem; calculations of specific heat at constant pressure (which
includes the term 1/(p-vp)) times other terms (including p-.378*vp) result in
a very small error in the resulting Bowen Ratio.  For example; assume a common
vapor pressure (vp) of 2.0 kPa, a common atmospheric pressure of 97.0
kPa, and a corrupted atmospheric pressure of 92.0 kPa.

       Uncorrupted                               Corrupted

   (97.0-.378*2.0)/(97.0-2.0) = 1.0131   (92.0-.378*2.0)/(92.0-2.0) = 1.0138

   1.0138/1.0131 = 1.00069  or  0.069% increase in the Bowen Ratio as a
                                       result of the corruption

Therefore, no correction to the quantities calculated using pressure is
warranted.

• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)

• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

Incorrect readings for pressure sensor

ARM PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION FORM (PIF)

                            PIF No. P940105.1

Subject:  SGP/Ebbr - Incorrect readings for pressure sensor at E15

Submitted By:        David R. Cook
    Organization:    Argonne National Laboratory
    Date Submitted:  December 13, 1993

How may we contact you?
    e-mail:  cook@anler.er.anl.gov
    phone:   (708) 252-5840
    FAX:     (708) 252-9792

Submitter's Priority: 3
    [Critical-1   Very Important-2 Important-3 Inconvenient-4 Interesting-5]

Where was this Problem Identified:  DA
    [Site Data System-SDS      Experiment Center-EC]
    [Archive-A At              Field Instrument-FI ]
    [During Data Analyis-DA    Other- List Location]

Does this PIF result in a Software Change Request?  No
    Where:                     [ SDS,  EC, or  A ]

    Type:                      [Development-1 Problem-2  Enhancement-3]

    List Programs/Documents Affected:

    Configuration Identification:

Does problem impact data values or cause data loss?  Data values.
    which platform(s): EBBR, E15, Ringwood, OK

    Specify (or estimate) begin and end dates
          Begin Date   7/11/93
          End   Date  12/01/93   Time  1830 GMT

    Apparent cause of data loss, if known:

    SUGGESTED CAUSES:   Calibration Drift.
    [human error, component failure, temperature, lightning          ]
    [foreign matter, power loss, software failure,                   ]
    [communications failure, modification difficulites, specify other]


Problem Description/Change Description.

o For Instrument Problems ONLY,
        Identify MODE of Operation: Normal

o Give a brief explanation with details, attach examples and any supporting
  information.  This should include a description of analysis leading to
  identification of problem and, if known, recommended action.


Beginning July 11, 1993, the atmospheric pressure sensor at the E15
EBBR began indicating approximately 0.2 KPa lower than the colocated SMOS.
Between July 31 and August 22, 1993 the difference increased to between
0.25 and 0.30 KPa.  After August 22, the difference increased to 0.3 to
0.35 KPa and remained that way until December 1, 1993.  A comparison of the
EBBR pressure sensor with the portable standard on December 1, 1993
indicated that the EBBR sensor was 0.04 KPa higher than the standard; this
is excellent agreement considering that the uncertainty of the EBBR sensor
calibration is 0.15 KPa.  The consistent bias in EBBR pressure between July 11
and December 1 can be easily detected in comparisons with SMOS pressure data.
No EBBR data other than pressure was affected by the pressure problem;
calculations of specific heat at constant pressure (which includes the term
1/(p-vp)) times other terms (including p-.378*vp) result in no error to the
third decimal point at least in the resulting Bowen Ratio.  For example;
assume a common vapor pressure (vp) of 2.0 kPa, a common atmospheric pressure
of 97.0 kPa, and a corrupted atmospheric pressure of 96.65 kPa at the extreme.

       Uncorrupted                               Corrupted

(97.0-.378*2.0)/(97.0-2.0) = 1.0131   (96.65-.378*2.0)/(96.65-2.0) = 1.0131

   1.0131/1.0131 = 1.0000    There is no effect on the Bowen Ratio as a
                                       result of the corruption.

Therefore, no correction to the quantities calculated using pressure is
needed.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• base time(base_time)
• Home signal(home)
• lon(lon)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• lat(lat)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• net radiation(q)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

• net radiation(q)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• lat(lat)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• h(h)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• base time(base_time)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lon(lon)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Battery(bat)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Signature(signature)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• base time(base_time)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• lon(lon)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• lat(lat)

SGP/EBBR/E22 - Air Temperature Sensor malfunction

The right air temperature probe (thermocouple) malfunctioned during the
periods stated above at Cordell, OK (E22).  It was replaced on December 21,
1993 and good data began again with the 1830 GMT half hour average.  For the
periods of interest, 5 and 30 minute values of tair_top and tair_bot are
incorrect when the right probe was in the specified position; 15 minute values of
tair_r are incorrect; and 30 minute values of bowen, e, and h are incorrect.  None of
these values are recoverable or recalculatable through the use of other
quantities since both air temperature probes are needed to determine bowen
ratio.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• h(h)
• latent heat flux(e)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• top air temperature(tair_top)

• Right air temperature(tair_r)

• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Blown fuse in AEM at E20

On October 30, 1993, before 1300 GMT, the fuse in the AEM (Automatic
Exchange Mechanism) of Meeker, Ok (E20) EBBR blew out.  The AEM remained
nonfunctional until the fuse was replaced just before 1600 GMT on
November 12, 1993.  This situation resulted in the following invalid data:

5 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
          vp_top, vp_bot, home

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, mv_home, tair_r,
           tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, home_15, home_30


If the biases of the sensors were know, bowen, h, and e could be
recalculated from the 15 minute and/or 5 minute data.  Since we will not
have any idea of what those biases are until an annual calibration of the
sensors can take place (which may be months away), the recalculations
cannot be performed at this time.  Furthermore, it may be invalid to use
sensor biases, if determined too far removed in time, due to the gradual
calibration drift of some of the sensors.

• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• h(h)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

SGP/EBBR/E15 - Questionable data due to low voltage at E15

On November 11, 1993 at 0300 GMT the voltage level of the battery for the
EBBR at Ringwood (E15) dropped to too low a level for most of the
sensors to perform properly.  By 0700 GMT virtually all sensors were not
indicating properly.  This condition continued through 1830 GMT on November
15, 1993.  No data from this EBBR should be considered valid during the
period indicated, since the quality of data from all sensors is
questionable.

• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Signature(signature)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lon(lon)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• lat(lat)
• Soil moisture 5(rr_sm5)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil moisture 1(rr_sm1)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Reference temperature(rr_tret)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Soil moisture 2(rr_sm2)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• base time(base_time)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil moisture 3(rr_sm3)
• Soil moisture 4(rr_sm4)
• Battery(bat)

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• base time(base_time)
• Home signal(home)
• lon(lon)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• lat(lat)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• net radiation(q)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

• net radiation(q)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• lat(lat)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• h(h)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• base time(base_time)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lon(lon)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E22 - Incorrect averaging interval at E22

On November 9, 1993 version 4 of the EBBR program installed at Cordell, OK
(E22) was mistakenly modified in one area during the process of modifying a
calibration in another part of the program.  The mistaken modification was
a change in the execution interval from 30 seconds to 10 seconds.  This
modification remained in the program until November 22, 1993 when it was
discovered and changed back to a 30 second execution interval.  The
modification produced no ill effects as the execution interval only
changes sampling and averaging periods.  A 10 second execution interval
results in three times as many samples being taken, which, when averaged,
should actually produce more accurate results.  Therefore, data quality was
not affected.  This PIF was written only to document the fact that the
mistaken modification was made, and when it was made.

• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• net radiation(q)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• h(h)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• lat(lat)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• base time(base_time)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• lon(lon)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Reprocess: Questionable data in soil heat fluxes at E20

Soil heat flux probes #4 had been indicating soil heat fluxes that were
higher than the other four probes.  It was decided to replace it.
On November 24, 1993 Soil Heat Flux probe #4 was replaced, resulting in
outputs more similar to the other four probes.  This PIF does not
invalidate previous measurements by the old probe #4, but only indicates
data that is bad as a result of the replacement procedure.  This procedure
resulted in some bad data for the adjoining soil heat flux probes #3 and #5
also.  Bad data for #3 includes the 1600 GMT half hour, and 5 and 15 minute
periods between 1530 and 1600 GMT.  Bad data for #4 includes half hour
times of 1600 through 1900 GMT, with 5 and 15 minute data inbetween those times
being invalid as well.  Bad data for #5 includes half hour times of 1630
and 1700 GMT, with 5 and 15 minute periods inbetween those times being
invalid as well.  Corrupted 30 minute values of shf4, c_shf4, g4, ave_shf, h,
and e, and corrupted 15 minute values of mv_hft4 resulted.  The quantities
shf4, c_shf4, g4, and mv_hft4 are bad data values and are not recoverable.
The other quantities can be recalculated using the remaining functioning
set(s) of soil sensors.

Use the following equations:

ave_shf = (gs summed)/n,

    where n is the number of probes functioning

e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)   where q is net radiation, and bowen is
                                 Bowen Ratio
h = e * bowen

• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)

• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• h(h)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Invalid data due to AEM fuse blow out at E8

On December 17, 1993, before 1100 GMT, the fuse in the AEM (Automatic
Exchange Mechanism) of Coldwater, KS (E8) EBBR blew out.  The AEM remained
nonfunctional until the fuse was replaced just before 1700 GMT on
December 29, 1993.  During the 1000 GMT half hour on December 17 the AEM
was hung up; this is clear from the home signal.  These situations resulted in
the following invalid data:

5 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
          vp_top, vp_bot, home

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, mv_home, tair_r,
           tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, home_15, home_30

Bowen, h, and e can not be recalculated from the 15 minute and/or 5 minute data
since we cannot determine the position of the sensors on the AEM from the home
signal; home signal is near zero when there is no power to the AEM.

• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Home signal(mv_home)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Home signal(home)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - Invalid data due to blown AEM fuse at E12

On December 20, 1993, before 0730 GMT, the fuse in the AEM (Automatic
Exchange Mechanism) of Pawhuska, OK (E12) EBBR blew out.  The AEM remained
nonfunctional until the fuse was replaced just before 1500 GMT on
December 22, 1993.  This situation resulted in the following invalid data:

5 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
          vp_top, vp_bot, home

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, mv_home, tair_r,
           tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, home_15, home_30

Bowen, h, and e can not be recalculated from the 15 minute and/or 5 minute data
since we cannot determine the position of the sensors on the AEM from the home
signal; home signal is near zero when there is no power to the AEM.

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Home signal(home)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)

• Home signal(mv_home)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Invalid data during E4 battery exchange

On December 16, 1993 the battery for the EBBR at Plevna, KS (E4) was
replaced.  This invalidates all 5, 15 and 30 minute data for the half hour
concluding at 1700 GMT.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• base time(base_time)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• net radiation(q)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• lat(lat)
• lon(lon)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Battery(bat)
• base time(base_time)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• lon(lon)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Signature(signature)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)

• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• lat(lat)
• h(h)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• net radiation(q)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• lon(lon)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• base time(base_time)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Invalid data due to AEM not exchanging

The AEM didn't exchange during the half hour ending 2130 GMT on December 16, 1993.  
This invalidates the half hour values of bowen, e, and h.  We do
not know the biases of the temperature and relative humidity sensors and
thus should not recalculate bowen, e, and h from the 5 and/or 15 minute
data between 2100 and 2130 GMT.

• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Invalid data during disconnection of AEM at E13

On December 31, 1993 at 1950 GMT the AEM on the Central Facility EBBR was
disconnected.  Another AEM was then connected, on which some testing was needed
before site operations could be confident that it was ready for field
installation at an extended facility.  At 2041 GMT the original AEM was
reconnected.  The following 5, 15, and 30 minute data between or for the stated
times below is invalid:

5 minute (1950 to 2045 GMT): tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top,
          hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot, home

15 minute (2000 to 2045 GMT): rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l,
           mv_home, tair_r, tair_l

30 minute (2000 through 2100 GMT): tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot,
           hum_top, hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, home_15, home_30

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Home signal(mv_home)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Invalid wind data frozen sensor

On January 12, 1994 the EBBR wind speed sensor at E8, Coldwater, KS was
frozen to a stationary by ice.  Invalid data for the time period 1100 to
1630 GMT is:

30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

15 minute: wind_s

5 minute: wind_s, res_ws.

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Invalid data during shutdown for PM on 2/10/94

During a preventative maintenance visit on February 10, 1994, a
modification to a calibration in the EBBR CR10 program required the system
to be down for a short time.  All data between 1630 and 1700 GMT on that
day is invalid.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• base time(base_time)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• net radiation(q)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• lat(lat)
• lon(lon)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Battery(bat)
• base time(base_time)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• lon(lon)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Signature(signature)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)

• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• lat(lat)
• h(h)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• net radiation(q)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• lon(lon)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• base time(base_time)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Invalid wind speed frozen sensor

On February 21, 1994 the EBBR wind speed sensor at E8, Coldwater, KS was
frozen to a stationary condition by ice.  Invalid data for the time period
indicated is:

30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

15 minute: wind_s

5 minute: wind_s, res_ws.

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

Invalid wind speed frozen sensor

ARM PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION FORM (PIF)

                            PIF No. P940301.4

Submitted By:        David R. Cook
    Organization:    Argonne National Laboratory
    Date Submitted:  March 1, 1994

Problem Description/Change Description.

o For Instrument Problems ONLY,
        Identify MODE of Operation:  Degraded

o Give a brief explanation with details, attach examples and any supporting
  information.  This should include a description of analysis leading to
  identification of problem and, if known, recommended action.


This is an informational PIF.

On February 23, 1994 the EBBR wind speed sensor at E7, Elk Falls, KS was
frozen to a stationary condition by ice.  Invalid data for the time period
indicated is:

30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

15 minute: wind_s

5 minute: wind_s, res_ws.


How may we contact you?
    e-mail:  cook@anler.er.anl.gov
    phone:   (708) 252-5840
    FAX:     (708) 252-9792

Submitter's Priority: 3
    [Critical-1   Very Important-2 Important-3 Inconvenient-4 Interesting-5]

Where was this Problem Identified: FI
    [Site Data System-SDS      Experiment Center-EC]
    [Archive-A At              Field Instrument-FI ]
    [During Data Analyis-DA    Other- List Location]

Does this PIF result in a Software Change Request?  NO
    Where:                     [ SDS,  EC, or  A ]

    Type:                      [Development-1 Problem-2  Enhancement-3]

    List Programs/Documents Affected:

    Configuration Identification:

Does problem impact data values or cause data loss?  Data Loss.
    which platform(s):  EBBR, E7, Elk Falls, KS

    Specify (or estimate) begin and end dates for data loss
          Begin Date    2/23/94   Time  1030  GMT
          End   Date    2/23/94   Time  1540  GMT

    Apparent cause of data loss, if known:   Ice

    SUGGESTED CAUSES:
    [human error, component failure, temperature, lightning          ]
    [foreign matter, power loss, software failure,                   ]
    [communications failure, modification difficulites, specify other]

• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• lat(lat)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• net radiation(q)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• h(h)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• lon(lon)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• base time(base_time)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)

• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Battery(bat)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• lon(lon)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• base time(base_time)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Signature(signature)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lat(lat)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• lon(lon)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Home signal(home)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• net radiation(q)
• base time(base_time)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Invalid wind speed frozen sensor

On February 22, 1994 the EBBR wind speed sensor at E4, Plevna, KS was
frozen to a stationary condition by ice.  It broke free in a strong wind on
February 23, 1994.  Invalid data for the time period indicated is:

30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

15 minute: wind_s

5 minute: wind_s, res_ws.

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - Invalid wind speed frozen sensor

On February 23, 1994 the EBBR wind speed sensor at E9, Ashton, KS was
frozen to a stationary condition by ice.  It broke free in strong winds on
February 24, 1994.  Invalid data for the time period indicated is:

30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

15 minute: wind_s

5 minute: wind_s, res_ws.

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Pressure Sensor Malfunction

Pressure sensor malfunction during attempt to monitor it during Preventative
Maintenance visit.  30 minute values of pressure for 1600 GMT and 1630 GMT,
15 minute values for 1600, 1615, and 1630, and 5 minute values for 1600,
1605, 1610, 1615, 1620, 1625, and 1630 GMT are incorrect.  However, the
range of the incorrect values was such as to not adversely affect flux
measurements.  Some noise was apparently induced in the pressure output
voltage as a result of the monitoring, although it is not known how.

• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

SGP/E9/EBBR - AEM Malfunction

EDITOR'S NOTE:  This DQR refers, in part, to data collected prior to the
begin date of regular ARM data.  During the first month covered by this
DQR, the EBBR.E9 data were not archived with standard ARM names.  The data
are therefore not readily available, but can be made available by special
request.  The total period covered by the problem documented here is
930615.0000-940322.1643.

The AEM at E9 frequently did not function properly during the time period
stated.  Please see the notes in the EBBR platform describing home signal
conditions for which certain of the data fields are suspect.  The newly
installed AEM is performing properly so far.

The files could be flagged, but it is up to the user to read the
platform notes concerning the condition of the home signal and then
view the quality of the data accordingly.  I would be at my terminal full-
time in attempting to list all days and times and data fields that are
affected by the numerous AEM malfunctions.  Furthermore, I have done so
previously in several PIFs that I will reference here for information:
P931101.4, P931115.2, P940105.2, P940211.3

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Home signal(home)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Improper Net Radiometer Calibration

When a replacement net radiometer was installed on March 10, 1994, the
calibration sheet for the new sensor could not be found.  That was because
the manufacturer had not provided one with the instrument.  So, the
calibration for the previous sensor was left in the EBBR CR10 program.
I obtained the calibration sheet from the manufacturer, and upon return to
Plevna on the next preventative maintenance visit, on March 24, site
operations personnel entered the correct calibration into the program.  The
change in calibration was from 13.1 to 13.0.  This change has negligible (
less than one percent) effects on calculations in the program and does not
warrant recalculations.  However, the net radiation itself could be
recalculated by multiplying by the ratio of 13.0 to 13.1.

• net radiation(q)

• Net radiation(mv_q)

• net radiation(q)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - AEM failure

The Automatic Exchange Mechanism would not function.  It was decided to
take the unit back to SGP CART to try to repair it.  A spare AEM was not
available for a replacement, so the aspirated radiation shields housing
temperature and humidity gradient sensors were attached to the EBBR
framework, one meter apart vertically, with the right side in the lower
position.  The housings remained this way for two weeks.  During this time
period, home signal, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux values are
incorrect.  Significant reprocessing would be required to obtain correct
fluxes, and that would be possible only if one assumed that offsets in the
sensor calibrations are negligible; that is a very debatable assumption
considering that the EBBR system is already half a year past due for
calibration.

• h(h)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• latent heat flux(e)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - SM4 Replacement

Soil Moisture Probe #4 has been indicating large soil moistures in the past
couple of months.  At times the values have exceeded the upper limit of the
acceptable range.  This data could be considered questionable, although the
affect on average soil moisture and quantities affected by it is very small.
Therefore, I do not suggest additional flagging of the data other than that
imposed by the limits.  The probe was changed from S/N 92004 to 93004 on
May 6, 1994 at 1530 GMT.  During the exchange process a few selected periods
of soil moisture #4 data is incorrect, but not so different from the other
soil moisture probes as to have a significant affect on the average soil
moisture or the fluxes.

Additionally, the EBBR output was interrupted for a half hour while the
calibration of the new probe was entered into the CR10 data logger.
Therefore, all 5 minute data from 1535 to 1600 GMT, 15 minute data for 1545
and 1600 GMT, and 30 minute data for 1600 GMT is incorrect.

Furthermore, disturbance of the area near the #4 soil probes (temperature,
soil moisture, and heat flux) caused all three to be incorrect for the
following periods:

30 minute  1530 GMT

15 minute  1515 and 1530 GMT

5 minute   1515, 1520, 1525, and 1530 GMT.

Complete recovery by all three sensors did not occur for one day (which is
fairly typical for near surface installations), although the differences
from the other four sets of soil sensors did not deleteriously affect the
averages of the soil quantities.

• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)

• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• h(h)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Soil Heat Flux Plate #5

Soil heat flux plate #5 has indicated high at extremes, for both positive and
negative outputs.  At around -130 watts per meter squared for #5, the other
four heat flux plates indicated approximately half as much.  After
replacement on June 2, 1994 at 1752 GMT, SHF #5 is now very similar to the
other four plates.  The effect on average soil heat flux amounted to only
about 2% of the net radiation value at the worst; this is within the
accuracy of the net radiation measurement and therefore does not require
recalculation of the sensible and latent heat fluxes.

• net radiation(q)

• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Net radiation(mv_q)

• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• h(h)
• net radiation(q)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - Wind Direction

For much of the period above, a malfunction in the E12 EBBR wind direction
sensor (insect larvae shorting out the circuit board) caused incorrect
values for 5 minute res_ws, wind_d, and sigma_wd, 15 minute mv_wind_d, and
30 minute res_ws, wind_d, and sigma_wd.  Wind direction normally indicated
north (near 0 or 360 degrees); there were some times during the period when
wind directions looked good, but the lack of variation in direction and sigma
implies that the data is suspect.  Therefore, it would be wise to flag all
of the values listed above during the entire time period as incorrect.
The wind direction sensor (S/N 3081) was replaced with S/N 3042 at 1515 GMT
on June 8, 1994.

• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Soil Moisture Probe

Beginning on May 6, 1994, soil moisture probe #3 began a long decline in
output and sensitivity until it stabilized at a low value of around 7, with
virtually no sensitivity at midday (GMT) on May 22, 1994.  The output
remained around this low value until the probe was replaced on June 9,
1994 at 1545 GMT.  Old Probe S/N 92038, New Probe S/N 93003.

• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)

• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Pressure

Damage to some pressure sensors as a result, apparently, of high battery
voltage, caused pressure readings to vary significantly at a few EBBRs for
several months.  I am being intentionally vague in making that statement as
there are DQRs and at least one PIF that cover those cases, except for the
situation at E4, Plevna, KS.  Some time ago I had the suspect pressure sensors
replaced and "repaired".  Unfortunately, the repairs were insufficient, as
we found out by using Plevna as a guinea pig for the "repaired" sensors to
see if they were working.  It turns out that the three repaired sensors S/N
6500, 6504, and 6509 were better, but still experienced fluctuations in
output that followed battery voltage level as the battery was charged by
the solar panel during the daylight hours.  The fluctuations look like
long-term spikes, positive or negative at different times, and lasted from one
to several hours.  The fluctuations had minimal impact on adjustments to
computed values from the EBBR.

Pressure data from Plevna for the period listed above should not be used
for absolute values.  That is why I marked "questionable", in the data
labelling section, but this applies only to the pressure data itself.

The following documents the use of pressure sensors at Plevna:

1)  The original sensor, S/N 6509 was removed for repair on 1/13/94 and
    replaced with the "repaired" S/N 6500.

2)  S/N 6500 was removed for repair on 2/10/94 and replaced with the
    "repaired" S/N 6504.

3)  S/N 6504 was removed on 3/24/94 and replaced with "repaired" (2nd
    time) S/N 6500.

4)  S/N 6500 was removed on 5/5/94 and replaced with "repaired" (2nd time) S/N
    6504.

5)  S/N 6504 was removed on 5/19/94 and replaced with "repaired" S/N
    6509.

6)  S/N 6509 was removed on 6/30/94 and replaced with a new sensor, S/N
    6579.

Sensors 6500, 6504, and 6509 have been thrown away, as the manufacturer
appears to be incapable of repairing them completely.  Rather than waste
more money in trying to have them repaired, I ordered three new pressure
sensors, of which S/N 6579 is one.  Thus, we now have two new sensors as spares.

• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)

• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - Reprocess: Soil Heat Flow Sensor Failure

Failure of soil heat flow sensor #5 at E9, Ashton, KS resulted in incorrect
data values for 6 fields for much of the period of time listed above.  The
soil heat flow values from #5 were so large (in the absolute) that it
deleteriosly affected the soil heat flux average and the sensible and
latent heat fluxes.  The fields affected were:

30 minute: shf5, c_shf5, g5, ave_shf, e, h

15 minute: mv_hft5.

I list only the 30 minute times affected below; it can be assumed that the
15 minute value contained in the half hour are incorrect.  Sensor #5 was
replaced at 1545 GMT on June 28.  Old S/N 923029, new S/N 923092.  Half hour
1600 GMT is missing due to having to reload the CR10 program with a new shf5
calibration.  Sensible and latent heat fluxes can be recomputed by averaging
soil heat flow sensors 1-4; use the following equations:

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3 + g4)/4

e = -(q +ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)

h = e * bowen,

where g is total soil heat flow, q is net radiation, and bowen is Bowen
Ratio.

Affected half hours:

Date          Times (GMT)

6/15    2130, 2300, 2330
6/16    0000, 0030, 2130-2330
6/17    0000-1530, 1900, 1930
6/18    0200-2330
6/19    All
6/20    All
6/21    All
6/22    All
6/23    All
6/24    All
6/25    0000-1930, 2300, 2330
6/26    All
6/27    All
6/28    0000-1600

• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)

• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• h(h)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• latent heat flux(e)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - Aspirator Failure

On June 18, 1994 the aspirator fan in the EBBR at E12, Pawhuska stopped
working.  This situation was not discovered until a Preventative
Maintenance visit by site operations personnel on June 22, 1994.  I
determined the time of the beginning of the malfunction from close
inspection of the sensible and latent heat flux data.  There is no aspiration
status output for the EBBRs, nor is one presently possible.  Wind speeds during
most of the period listed were sufficient to provide some (although
inadequate) aspiration to the temperature and relative humidity probes, making
it difficult for most users of the data to be able to tell (except in a few
circumstances) that the sensible and latent heat flux values produced were
incorrect.  All of the data fields listed below are incorrect for the period
listed above.  Latent and Sensible heat fluxes cannot be recomputed, as the
measurements that they are based on are what was corrupted.

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E7 - Reprocess: Soil Temperature Probe Failure

Failure of soil temperature probe #4 at E7, Elk Falls, KS resulted in incorrect
data values for 6 fields for the period of time listed above.  The soil
temperature value from probe #4 went offscale, resulting in a zero value
for the soil energy storage term calculated from that probe and thus no
contribution to the total soil heat flux for soils set 4 and the same for
average soil heat flux.  This led to incorrect sensible and latent heat
flux values.

The fields affected were:

30 minute: ts4, ces4, g4, ave_shf, e, h

15 minute: rr_ts4.

• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)

• latent heat flux(e)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• h(h)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Wind Direction Sensor Malfunction

During two periods recently, the wind direction sensor at E4, Plevna, KS
malfunctioned.  The first time period was caused by water in the connector
to the sensor.  The second period was apparently a result of an electronics
problem in the sensor circuitry.  On June 30, at 1646 GMT sensor S/N 3036
was removed and replaced with S/N 3034.  On July 11, at 2003 GMT, sensor
S/N 3034 was replaced with S/N 3038.  The periods of time listed above are
inclusive for the 30 minute data.  Slightly less of the 5 and 15 minute
values were affected (at the beginning or end of the periods), as is obvious
from the sensor replacement times.  All of the data should be considered
incorrect.  The affected data are:

 5 minute: res_ws, wind_d, sigma_wd

15 minute: mv_wind_d

30 minute: res_ws, wind_d, sigma_wd

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - Stopped Ventilation Fan

On August 4, 1994, a site operator discovered the ventilation fan of the
EBBR to be stopped; the fan guard was clogged with animal remains.
Inspection of the EBBR data from Pawhuska, OK, E12 indicates that this
condition occurred from July 22 through August 4.  Lack of ventilation of
the temperature and relative humidity sensors attached to the AEM results
in questionable measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, and all
quantities calculated from them, including sensible and latent heat fluxes.
The quantities that are questionable for the period indicated are:

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, and vp_bot

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - Malfunctioning Wind Dir Sensor, Incorrect SM2 Results

It has been reported previously that a malfunction of the wind direction
sensor resulting in zero or 135 degree outputs can cause the soil moisture
#2 sensor to read offscale.  The two sensors are attached to a multiplexer
pair.  The manufacturer of the multiplexer and data acquisition system have
not been able to explain how our instrument configuration can cause this
effect.  Shortly after 0030 GMT on August 20, 1994 significant rainfall
occurred, being reflected in more than a doubling of soil moisture within
an hour.  During the time period listed above, the wind direction sensor
mulfunctioned (apparently caused by water in the wind direction sensor
electronics), causing the following data fields to be incorrect:

5 minute:  res_ws, wind_d, sigma_wd

15 minute: mv_wind_dir

30 minute: res_ws, wind_d, sigma_wd.

During part of the listed period, Soil Moisture #2 was also incorrect,
being offscale; during those times the following 30 minute data is also
incorrect:

30 minute: sm2, c_shf2, ave_shf, cs2, ces2, g2, h, e.

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - Reprocess: Soil Heat Flux Out of Range

For an unknown reason, soil heat flux sensor #5 indicated too small a value
for the period listed above.  This resulted in an incorrect average of soil
heat flow for the five sets of soil heat flow plates, and therefore
incorrect e (latent heat flux) and h (sensible heat flux) in the 30 minute
data.  The following data values are incorrect:

15 minute: mv_hft5

30 minute: shf5, c_shf5, ave_shf, g5, e, h

The latent and sensible heat flux can be recalculated by using only soil
heat flows 1 through 4 to calculate the average soil heat flow,

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3 + g4)/4

e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)

h = -(e + ave_shf + q).

• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)

• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• h(h)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• latent heat flux(e)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Battery Voltage Drop

Sometime after 0000 GMT on August 19, 1994 the cable from the solar panel
to the EBBR battery was broken, presumably the result of severe weather
that was in the area.  The result was that the battery could not be charged
by the solar panel, leading to a gradual reduction in battery voltage.  By
1730 GMT on the 19th, the battery voltage had dropped to 10.8 volts and at
about 1905 GMT had dropped too low to power the AEM.  Some thirty minute data
after 1900 GMT is therefore incorrect.  By 2000 GMT the voltage had dropped to
10.7 volts and was too low to properly power the barometric pressure sensor
(it's output dropped off from then on).  At 1530 GMT on August 24, 1994 the
solar panel connection to the battery was reestablished and normal data
acquisition resumed at 1600 GMT.

The last data file to be produced was apparently 0000 GMT (15 minute file)
on 20 August.

In an apparently related incident, soil temperature #3 skyrocketed in output
beginning at about 1815 GMT; the cause for this is unknown, but is probably
a result of the inability of the CR10 data logger to correctly measure the
sensor resistance.  By 1900 GMT this situation had caused elevated average
soil heat flux, which in turn affected calculated e and h.

Data fields that are incorrect for the time period listed, follow:

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - Hail Damage to Net Radiometer and Wind Speed Sensor

Golf ball size hail was reported for the Ashton site for early August 20,
1994.  It damaged the wind speed sensor and the net radiometer shortly
before 0130 GMT.  The following data fields are to be flagged as incorrect
for the periods listed above (resultant wind speed has already been
indicated as incorrect in a previous DQR that documented the malfunction of
the wind direction sensor):

5 minute:  wind_s, res_ws, q

15 minute: wind_s, mv_q

30 minute: wind_s, res_ws, q, h, e.

Note that h and e are also incorrect as a consequence of q being incorrect.

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• net radiation(q)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Net radiation(mv_q)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• net radiation(q)
• h(h)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• latent heat flux(e)

Stopped Ventilation Fan

DQR No:                               Platform: EBBR

Subject: Stopped Ventilation Fan

Date Submitted: 30 August 1994
Submitted By:                         _x_  Instrument Mentor
                                      ___  EST Member
                                      ___  Science Team Member
                                      ___  Other _____________________________

For questions or problems, please contact the ARM Experiment Center at
509-375-6898 or via email at dqr@arm.gov.

Platform/Measurement:
        What level data: (raw,a0,a1,b1,c1 etc): a0 (5 minute),
                                                a1 (15 and 30 minute)

    What location was the data collected at: E7, Elk Falls, KS

    Period of time in question
        Begin Date 8/9/94
        End Date   8/23/94   Time 1922 GMT

 Data should be labeled:
 ___  questionable                      ___  All data fields affected
 ___  incorrect                         _x_  Only some data fields affected
 ___  wrong calibration
 _x_  others (information only)

 Discussion of Problem:

Sometime between August 9 and 23, 1994 the ventilation fan of the
EBBR stopped; the fan guard was clogged with insect remains.  The fan was
restarted at 1922 GMT on 23 August.  Inspection of the EBBR data does not
indicate any ill affects on the calculated sensible and latent heat during
the period.  The fan may have stopped soon before the arrival of the site
operator on 23 August.  I cannot suggest flagging the data as incorrect, but
this message should still be attached to the data so that anyone who might
discover something unusual may have some basis for explaining it.

The quantities that are normally affected by stoppage of the ventilation to
the temperature and relative humidity sensors are:

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, and vp_bot

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

Other observations/measurements impacted by this problem:

see list above

Suggested Corrections of the Problem: (e.g. change calibration factor and
recompute, flag data with this comment, etc.)

Enclose the message above with the data if possible.

Data Processing Notes                Date

-------------------------------------------------------------------
END

• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• lat(lat)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• net radiation(q)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• h(h)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• lon(lon)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• base time(base_time)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)

• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Battery(bat)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• lon(lon)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• base time(base_time)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Signature(signature)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lat(lat)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• lon(lon)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Home signal(home)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• net radiation(q)
• base time(base_time)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - Miscellaneous Problems Affecting Data

Three hardware problems occurred at E12, Pawhuska, OK in late August 1994.

On August 12 the wind direction sensor malfunctioned.  Therefore, all wind
direction, sigma, and resultant wind speed values for the period above are
incorrect.  The wind direction sensor was replaced on August 31.  Affected
data are:

        5 minute:  wind_d, sigma_wd, res_ws
        15 minute: mv_wind_d
        30 minute: wind_d, sigma_wd, res_ws.

Water accumulated in the AEM motor box and apparently caused a reduction in
the voltage level of the home signal (battery condition was very good and so
was not the cause); by late August 27 the hom30 level had fallen below the
minimum qc check level.  The AEM continued to exchange properly.  The minimum
qc level check is intended to help detect either a non-operating AEM or low
battery condition.  The Campbell CR10 software operates properly unless the
hom30 signal is thirty-five or greater.  So the low hom30 values do not
result in any incorrect data!!!.  I point this out because this situation
demonstrates a condition flagged by the qc checks, even though no effect on
the data has occurred.  The AEM box was dried out and new dessicant placed
in it on August 31.

On August 28, 1994 the left AEM housing ventilation fan ceased to operate
because of clogging of the ventilation system with debris.  Fifteen minute
data seems to indicate that the fan stopped operating just before 1245 GMT.
This is at least the third such incidence of clogging this summer at different
EBBRs.  The clog was removed and ventilation restored on August 31.  The lack
of ventilation caused improper measurements of temperature and
relative humidity in the left housing (these are quite obvious in the 15
minute data but difficult to detect in the 30 minute data) and therefore
incorrect values of sensible and latent heat.  Affected data are:

        5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top,
                   hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot
        15 minute: rr_thum_l, mv_hum_l, tair_l
        30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top,
                   hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h.

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)

• Home signal(mv_home)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Data Corruption and Loss

Data loss was experienced during the periods indicated for unknown reasons.
My understanding is that ingestion of the data failed for these periods
because the record length was shorter than it is supposed to be.
Site Operations personnel visited the site on September 7 and powered down
and then up, the EBBR, essentially causing a reload of the CR10 program.
All output locations had been -9999 or 0000 when they had arrived.  The
battery condition was normal.  Failure of a portion of the storage module
may be indicated; data sneakernetted from the storage module shows an
alternating sequence of two days, September 2 and 3 and then a stretch of
garbage characters.  No other days of data are found.  The portion of the
storage module memory that contained the program was not corrupted, as the
CR10 program compiled and ran properly when it was reloaded from the storage
module.  The data after the period above is reasonable.  The last part of
the storage module memory may be bad and perhaps in trying to access it
remotely multiple times the situation above resulted.

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Signature(signature)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• base time(base_time)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Battery(bat)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• lat(lat)
• lon(lon)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Home signal(mv_home)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lon(lon)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Home signal(home)
• net radiation(q)
• lat(lat)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• base time(base_time)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)

• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• lon(lon)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• lat(lat)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• base time(base_time)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• h(h)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• net radiation(q)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Fan Stopped, T and RH Biases

Another fan stoppage situation occurred.  This is the fourth one in the
last few months and may indicate a weakening of the fans that aspirate the
temperature, relative humidity housings.  The 15 minute data reveals that
the stoppage occurred at approximately 1300 GMT on September 12.  The left fan
was cleaned out by site operations personnel and began running again at
1847 GMT on September 14.  The 15 minute data during this period shows that
during daytime, the left temperature was greater than the right temperature and
that the left relative humidity was lower than the right relative humidity
(a consequence of greater temperature), irregardless of the positions of the
housings.  The bowen ratio, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux for this
period, as well as all left housing temperatures and relative humidities are
incorrect.  The data values that are incorrect are:

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot

15 minute: rr_thum_l, mv_hum_l, tair_l,

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, thum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

Because of the increased frequency of fan stoppage occurrences, I have
submitted a work request to site operations to use the portable vane
anemometer to check the flow of the housing fans on each EBBR and visually
check (and clean if needed) the fans for debris that would restrict the
flow.  Included in this work request are instructions for checking the
performance of the temperature and relative humidity sensors by
manually putting the aspirator housings at the same height for a half hour
period (so that two 15 minute and one half hour comparison result).

The latter part of the work request is prompted by my close inspection of
the Meeker data for the last few weeks.  It is clear that significant
biases have developed in the pairs of temperature and relative humidity
sensors; left thermocouple ~0.5 deg. C greater than right thermocouple,
left relative humidity ~5% lower than right relative humidity.  Biases were
expected in operating the systems over long time periods, and these appear
to be the result of simple offsets, not changes in calibrations.
At this point, I just want to determine how large the offsets are.
Comparison of these offsets between EBBR units, in light of the different
lengths of time that EBBR units and individual sensors have been deployed,
may provide some interesting information on likely offset changes with time.

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• h(h)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

Intermittent Stopped or Slowed Aspirator Fans

DQR No:                               Platform: EBBR

Subject: Intermittent Stopped or Slowed Aspirator Fans

Date Submitted: 26 September 1994
Submitted By:                         _x_  Instrument Mentor
                                      ___  EST Member
                                      ___  Science Team Member
                                      ___  Other _____________________________

For questions or problems, please contact the ARM Experiment Center at
509-375-6898 or via email at dqr@arm.gov.

Platform/Measurement: EBBR/T and RH
        What level data: (raw,a0,a1,b1,c1 etc): a0 (5 minute),
                                                a1 (15 and 30 minute)

    What location was the data collected at: E7, Elk Falls, KS

    Period of time in question
        Begin Date 8/18/94   Time 1200 GMT
        End Date   9/21/94   Time 1530 GMT

 Data should be labeled:
 ___  questionable                      ___  All data fields affected
 _X_  incorrect                         _x_  Only some data fields affected
 ___  wrong calibration
 ___  others (information only)

 Discussion of Problem:

Around 1200 GMT on September 21, 1994 the aspirator fans of the EBBR
intermittently stopped or slowed significantly; the fans were clogged with
insect remains and spider webs.  Only a few weeks earlier the same
situation occurred at this EBBR.  The 15 minute data reveals that most of
the time the right aspirator fan was the one that failed to work, although
there are times that it appears that the left fan was either not working
also or was the only one not working.  Unlike the previous occurrence, the
30 minute flux data does show some indication of this problem, although, as
usual, it is far easier to see in the 15 minute data.  The fans were cleaned
out and restarted at 1530 GMT on September 21, 1994.  The data listed below
should be flagged as incorrect for the period shown above.

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, and vp_bot

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

Other observations/measurements impacted by this problem:

see list above

Suggested Corrections of the Problem: (e.g. change calibration factor and
recompute, flag data with this comment, etc.)

Enclose the message above with the data if possible.

Data Processing Notes                Date

-------------------------------------------------------------------
END

• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• lat(lat)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• net radiation(q)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• h(h)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• lon(lon)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• base time(base_time)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)

• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Battery(bat)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• lon(lon)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• base time(base_time)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Signature(signature)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lat(lat)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• lon(lon)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Home signal(home)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• net radiation(q)
• base time(base_time)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Soil Moisture Probe Failure

Soil moisture probe #4 went offscale for a short period, for unknown
reasons. However, it may have resulted from Site Operations Preventative
Maintenance activities that were taking place at the time.  The times of
incorrect values are listed below.

30 minute: 1600 GMT; sm4, c_shf4, cs4, ces4, g4, ave_shf, e, h
15 minute: 1600 GMT; r_sm4

• latent heat flux(e)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• h(h)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)

SGP/EBBR/E22 - Net Radiometer Hemisphere Changes

The upper hemisphere of the net radiometer at the site was punctured
allowing water to collect in the lower (and sometimes upper) section of the sensor. The 
punctures are most likely the result of migratory birds (a problem that we have experienced 
almost every year here at ANL also). The punctures (and water in some net radiometers) 
did not result in obvious invalidation of the data.

Whether there is water in the lower hemisphere or not, a small puncture of the upper 
hemisphere would not have a major effect on the net radiation measurement.  Significant 
amounts of water in the lower
hemisphere should have a major effect on nighttime measurements particularly, although 
that effect is hard to detect in the data. 
The date when the puncture occurred is approximate - but is certainly 
no more than two weeks before the hemisphere was replaced.

• h(h)
• latent heat flux(e)
• net radiation(q)

• Net radiation(mv_q)

• net radiation(q)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - Net Radiometer Hemisphere Changes

The upper hemisphere of the net radiometer at the site was punctured
allowing water to collect in the lower (and sometimes upper) section of the sensor. The 
punctures are most likely the result of migratory birds (a problem that we have experienced 
almost every year here at ANL also). The punctures (and water in some net radiometers) 
did not result in obvious invalidation of the data.

Whether there is water in the lower hemisphere or not, a small puncture of the upper 
hemisphere would not have a major effect on the net radiation measurement.  Significant 
amounts of water in the lower
hemisphere should have a major effect on nighttime measurements particularly, although 
that effect is hard to detect in the data. 
The date when the puncture occurred is approximate - but is certainly 
no more than two weeks before the hemisphere was replaced.

• net radiation(q)

• net radiation(q)
• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)

• Net radiation(mv_q)

SGP/EBBR/E15 - Net Radiometer Hemisphere Changes

The upper hemisphere of the net radiometer at the site was punctured
allowing water to collect in the lower (and sometimes upper) section of the sensor. The 
punctures are most likely the result of migratory birds (a problem that we have experienced 
almost every year here at ANL also). The punctures (and water in some net radiometers) 
did not result in obvious invalidation of the data.

Whether there is water in the lower hemisphere or not, a small puncture of the upper 
hemisphere would not have a major effect on the net radiation measurement.  Significant 
amounts of water in the lower
hemisphere should have a major effect on nighttime measurements particularly, although 
that effect is hard to detect in the data. 
The date when the puncture occurred is approximate - but is certainly 
no more than two weeks before the hemisphere was replaced.

• net radiation(q)

• net radiation(q)
• h(h)
• latent heat flux(e)

• Net radiation(mv_q)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Aspirator Fan Stoppage

During Site Operations Preventative Maintenance activities the left AEM fan
stopped operating.  This affected some of the data being collected.  The
times of incorrect values are listed below.

15 minute: 1530-1715 GMT; tair_l, mv_hum_l, rr_thum_l
30 minute: 1530-1730 GMT; thum_top, thum_bot, tair_top, tair_bot, hum_top,
                          hum_bot, e, h, bowen

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• h(h)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Soil Temperature Aberations

For a period of not quite a day, soil temperature probe #4 indicated values
that were either too high or too low, for unknown reasons.  After Site
Operations personnel checked connectors and the probe itself, it recovered
to proper values.  The probe has functioned properly since then.  The times
and incorrect data fields are listed below.

15 minute: rr_ts4, 10/13/94: 2245 GMT; 10/14/94: 0000, 0200, 0230, 0515,
                  0600, 0630, 1300-1500, 1530-1715, 1815, 1845 GMT

30 minute: ts4, 10/13/94: 2300 GMT; 10/14/94: 0000, 0230, 0530-0630,
                  1300-1700, 1830-1900 GMT
           ces4, g4, ave_shf, e, h, 10/14/94: 0030, 0200-0230, 0600-0630,
                  1300-1900 GMT

• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)

• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - Low home_15 Values

The home signal values for the EBBR system installed at E12, Pawhuska, OK have
generally been lower than for the other EBBR systems.  However, during the
period above the home_15 value was often lower than 35, which is then
improperly interpreted by the CR10 software.  A home_15 value less than 35 is
interpreted as meaning that the AEM aspirated housings (which hold the
temperature and relative humidity sensors) are in the opposite orientation to
what they actually are.  The AEM continues to exchange properly, but the
resulting calculations of Bowen ratio, latent heat flux, and sensible heat
flux are incorrect.  On September 15, 1994 Site Operations personnel
refurbished the wiring for the left housing and the home_15 signal returned
to proper levels.

When 30 minute home_15 values are below 35, the data fields listed below are
incorrect.

5 minute:  home, tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot

15 minute: mv_home

30 minute: home_15, tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top,
           hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot, Bowen, e, h

It is possible to recalculate the Bowen ratio, e, and h by using the 15
minute data to compute the correct gradients of temperature and relative
humidity (two 15 minute periods are averaged to give a half hour value); the
orientation of the AEM is obvious in the 15 minute data, based on the home
signal (which is largest for the first 15 minutes of the half hour).  More
information on performing this recalculation can be obtained from the
mentor.

• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)

• Home signal(mv_home)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Net Radiometer Hemisphere Changes

Incorrect data during hemisphere change.

• net radiation(q)
• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)

• net radiation(q)

• Net radiation(mv_q)

SGP/EBBR/E15 - Net Radiometer Hemisphere Changes

Incorrect data during hemisphere change.

• net radiation(q)

• net radiation(q)
• h(h)
• latent heat flux(e)

• Net radiation(mv_q)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Net Radiometer Hemisphere Changes

The upper hemisphere of the net radiometer at the site was punctured
allowing water to collect in the lower (and sometimes upper) section of the sensor. The 
punctures are most likely the result of migratory birds (a problem that we have experienced 
almost every year here at ANL also). The punctures (and water in some net radiometers) 
did not result in obvious invalidation of the data.

Whether there is water in the lower hemisphere or not, a small puncture of the upper 
hemisphere would not have a major effect on the net radiation measurement.  Significant 
amounts of water in the lower
hemisphere should have a major effect on nighttime measurements particularly, although 
that effect is hard to detect in the data. 
The date when the puncture occurred is approximate - but is certainly 
no more than two weeks before the hemisphere was replaced.

• net radiation(q)
• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)

• net radiation(q)

• Net radiation(mv_q)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Water in Net Radiometer

At some time previous to October 21, 1994, the top hemisphere of the net
radiometer of the EBBR at E8 was pierced, probably by migrating birds.  A
DQR was issued by me a couple of weeks ago indicating other extended
facilities at which this has happened.  Net radiometer data was correct
until October 21 at sometime between 0230 and 0300 GMT, when rain began to
enter the radiometer; the effect can be easily seen in the data.
Collection of 3/4 inch of water in the bottom hemisphere was not the only
consequence of the situation.  Unlike other net radiometers that have had
this experience, this one produced incorrect data during daylight hours as
well as during nightime hours until the water was removed, the sensor
dried, and the hemispheres were replaced on November 2, 1994.  During the
period listed above, the following data are incorrect and cannot be
recalculated:

5 minute:  q

15 minute: mv_q

30 minute: q, h, e

Science Team members or others using the data should recognize that the
flux data is not correct for this fairly lengthy time period.

• Net radiation(mv_q)

• net radiation(q)

• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)
• net radiation(q)

SGP/EBBR/E7 - Net Radiometer not level

Sometime between 0000 and 1200 GMT on October 20, 1994, the net radiometer
support of the EBBR at E7 was bent down at about a 30 degree angle, probably
by migrating birds.  A couple of DQRs have been issued by me indicating other
extended facilities at which birds have caused incorrect data from net
radiometers.  The net radiometer support was probably loose to begin with.
The effect can be easily seen in the data, when comparison is made to the
EBBR data at Ashton, KS.  Since the net radiometer support extends south
from the EBBR, the net radiation values are high during the period above,
leading to incorrect values of latent and sensible heat fluxes.  Until the
net radiometer was levelled on November 1, 1994, the net radiation was
approximately 26% high at solar noon, although it may have been incorrect
by a smaller percentage at night.  From October 22 through 28 the half hour
of data nearest solar noon averaged 497 watts per meter squared at Elk
Falls and only 396 at Ashton.  During the period listed above, the following
data are incorrect and cannot be recalculated:

5 minute:  q

15 minute: mv_q

30 minute: q, h, e

Science Team members or others using the data should recognize that the
flux data is not correct for this fairly lengthy time period.

• Net radiation(mv_q)

• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)
• net radiation(q)

• net radiation(q)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Net Radiation - Hemisphere Replacement

The upper hemisphere of the net radiometer was punctured (pinhole) and thus
was replaced at 1937 GMT on December 2, 1994.  This resulted in a spike in
the net radiation data.  5 minute q data for 1935, 1940, 1945, and
1955 GMT, 15 minute mv_q data for 1945 and 2000 GMT, and 30 minute q, e,
and h data for 2000 GMT are incorrect.

• net radiation(q)

• Net radiation(mv_q)

• latent heat flux(e)
• net radiation(q)
• h(h)

SGP/EBBR/E7 - Radiation Shield Problem

The right radiation shield was out of position or off during the period of
time indicated.  This may or may not have occurred as a result of preventative
maintenance on November 15.  All air and humidity probe temperatures (except
the reference temperature), relative humidities, vapor pressures, Bowen ratio,
sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux during this period are questionable.
During a large part of the period the resultant sensible and latent heat fluxes
look reasonable.  However, during part of the period, the difference in
relative humidity between the two EBBR levels appears to be much too large.
Unusual differences in temperatures are not as obvious.

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Frozen Wind Instruments

On December 6, 1994 a frontal system deposited freezing rain in central
Kansas that resulted in the EBBR wind instrument becoming frozen in place
at E4 for a few days.  The direction and
speed instruments were frozen for slightly differents lengths of time.  The
times and fields to be indicated as incorrect are shown below (all 5, 15,
and 30 minute data measured during the periods, inclusive, is incorrect):

Wind Speed: 12/06/94 1200 GMT - 12/09/94 1930 GMT

5 minute:  wind_s, res_ws
15 minute: wind_s
30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

Wind Direction: 12/06/94 1400 GMT - 12/08/94 2230 GMT

5 minute:  wind_d, sigma_wd
15 minute: mv_wind_d
30 minute: wind_d, sigma_wd

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Frozen Wind Instruments

On December 6, 1994 a frontal system deposited freezing rain in central
Kansas that resulted in the EBBR wind instruments becoming frozen in place
at two extended facilities (E4 and E8) for a few days.  The direction and
speed instruments were frozen for slightly differents lengths of time.  The
times and fields to be indicated as incorrect are shown below (all 5, 15,
and 30 minute data measured during the periods, inclusive, is incorrect):

Wind Speed: 12/06/94 1200 GMT - 12/09/94 1530 GMT

5 minute:  wind_s, res_ws
15 minute: wind_s
30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

Wind Direction: 12/06/94 1730 GMT - 12/07/94 1830 GMT

5 minute:  wind_d, sigma_wd
15 minute: mv_wind_d
30 minute: wind_d, sigma_wd

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - Reprocess: Soil Heat Flow Sensor 5 Incorrect Data

Soil heat flow sensor #5 periodically outputted incorrect values from
mid-August 1994 until mid-January 1995.  The output often indicated large
negative heat flow.  The sensor was replaced on January 23, 1995, even
though the previous week of data was correct.  The data affected (and thus
incorrect) includes:

15 minute: mv_hft5
30 minute: shf5, c_shf5, g5, ave_shf, e, h.

The dates and times (GMT) of incorrect values are listed below.  Only half
hour times are listed.

08/19/94  1700-2300
10/13/94  1800-2330
10/14/94  0000-1500
10/17/94  2030-2100
10/28/94  2030-2230
12/20/94  0630-2330
12/21/94  0000-2330
12/22/94  0000-2330
12/23/94  0000-0530
12/26/94  1700-2330
12/27/94  0000-0130, 1630
01/02/95  0600-2330
01/03/95  0000-2330
01/04/95  0000-2330
01/05/95  0000-1700, 2200-2330
01/06/95  0000-2330
01/07/95  0000-2330
01/08/95  0000-2330
01/09/95  0000-0230, 0900-2330
01/10/95  0000-2330
01/11/95  0000-2330
01/12/95  0000-2330
01/13/95  0000-2330
01/14/95  0000-0400, 0800-2330
01/15/95  0000-0300, 1200-2330
01/16/95  0000-1600

The latent and sensible heat fluxes can be recalculated by using only soil
heat flows 1 through 4 to calculate the average soil heat flow,

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3 + g4)/4

e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)

h = -(e + ave_shf + q)

• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)

• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• h(h)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• latent heat flux(e)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Frozen Wind Speed Sensor

On February 14, 1994 a frontal system deposited freezing rain in central
Kansas that resulted in the EBBR wind speed instrument becoming frozen in place
at Plevna (E4) for part of two days.  All 5, 15, and 30 minute data values
indicated below are incorrect for the period listed above.

5 minute:  wind_s, res_ws
15 minute: wind_s
30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)