TWP/SMET/C1 - Wind Direction alignment method

During RESET10 we discovered a problem with wind direction from WIND1 (upper
anemometer).  During RESET8, WIND1 was corrected by rotating the alignment
ring instead of the anemometer.  This resulted in a better agreement between
the 2 anemometers, but is not the correct way to align an anemometer. The
alignment ring was readjusted for true north and the anemometer reset in
the proper slot (the original problem).

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Incorrect calibration for ARCS1 Wind speed

On 23 OCT 99, during Reset 8, an incorrect slope of was entered for the 
upper, windspeed1, wind speed sensor resulting in a 1% overestimate of
the wind speed.  The correct calibration was entered on 1 APR 2000 during
RESET 10.

• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - precip, wind, temperature

On 10/23/01 from 4:45 to 6:45 precipitation, wind, and temperature measurements were 
directly affected by RESET14 visit activities.

• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Sensor replacement

On 10/24/01 from 00:40 to 01:00 the T/RH probe was being replaced.

• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

TWP/SMET/C1/C2 - Switch to new Data Header Formats not timely

On April 1, 2001 at 00:00:00 new data header with consistent variable naming conventions, 
etc were to be used for all sites, all data streams.  At the TWP sites the time of the 
movement to the new convention did not occur precisely at 00:00:00.  The following data 
files contain between 40 seconds and 20 minutes of data from 4/1/02 in the old format.  The 
delayed format change did not affect data quality in any way.

twpsmet60sC1.a1.20010401.000001.cdf
twpsmet60sC1.b1.20010401.000001.cdf
twpsmet60sC2.a1.20010401.000000.cdf
twpsmet60sC2.b1.20010401.000000.cdf

• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• base time(base_time)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• base time(base_time)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• lat(lat)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• lon(lon)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• base time(base_time)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• lon(lon)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• lat(lat)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• base time(base_time)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• lat(lat)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• lon(lon)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

(From Bill Clements) We have been using 6m MSL as the station
elevation of Momote (Manus).  This was based on information
posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather Service
Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation
for Momote is 4m MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL.
The sonde launching station is at 5m MSL.

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Miscalibrated windspeed2 data

A replacement anemometer (WSP2) was installed but the new anemometer calibration 
coefficients were not put into the logger. The multiplication factor was 0.09708 when it should 
have been 0.09763 (very small difference)the offset was 0.36 when it should have been 0.3 
(a difference 0.06 m/s).

• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)

• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Wind Speed #2 incorrect

Wind Speed #2 sensor was reporting values 10 times above the actual value.  During an 
update to the logger configuration file the calibration multiplier was incorrectly entered.  
The multiplier inserted was .97630 when it should have been .09763.  This caused the 
readings from this sensor to be incorrect.

• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)

• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Tower Lowered for Cal Activities

Tower lowered for instrument calibration

• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• null(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

TWP/SMET/C1 - RESET14 activities

RESET14 activities may have affected data in subtle ways during this
period.

• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Negative rainfall rates

Due to limitations of the Zeno dataloggers all voltage measurements
from the optical rain gauge (ORG) were converted to rainfall rates. 
This resulted in negative values for rain rates.  Any value below 0.10 mm/hr should be 
considered to be 0 mm/hr.  New dataloggers 
alleviated this problem.  New loggers were installed 03/09/2004 @ 2243 GMT.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C1 SMET suite of instruments on 20061017. 
 Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC1.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 10/17, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros 
are not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19961009-20060926 and data from 
19961009-20061017 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• base time(base_time)