SGP/MWR/C1 - REPROCESS - Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.  

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals.  
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based retrievals, for 
most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 456):
SGP/C1 (Lamont)     4/16/2002, 2000
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  4/12/2002, 1600
SGP/B4 (Vici)       4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B5 (Morris)     4/15/2002, 2300
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    4/16/2002, 2200
SGP/E14(Lamont)     4/16/2002, 0000
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     4/25/2002, 1900 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    4/18/2002, 1700
TWP/C1 (Manus)      5/04/2002, 0200
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      4/27/2002, 0600
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     inception

The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active as follows (BCR 984):

SGP/C1 (Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
SGP/B1 (Hillsboro)  6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B4 (Vici)       6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B5 (Morris)     6/24/2005, 2100
SGP/B6 (Purcell)    6/24/2005, 1942
SGP/E14(Lamont)     6/28/2005, 2300
NSA/C1 (Barrow)     6/29/2005, 0000 
NSA/C2 (Atqasuk)    6/29/2005, 0000
TWP/C1 (Manus)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C2 (Nauru)      6/30/2005, 2100
TWP/C3 (Darwin)     6/30/2005, 2100
PYE/M1 (Pt. Reyes)  4/08/2005, 1900**

** At Pt. Reyes, the original retrieval coefficients implemented in March 2005 were based 
on a version of the Rosenkranz model that had been modified to use the HITRAN half-width 
at 22 GHz and to be consistent with the water vapor continuum in MONORTM.  These 
retrievals yield nearly identical results to the MONORTM retrievals.  Therefore the Pt. Reyes 
data prior to 4/08/2005 may not require reprocessing.

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)

SGP/MWR/B1 - Reprocess: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals. 
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based retrievals, for 
most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at SGP.B1 20020412.1600.  The 
MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active at SGP.B1 20050624.2100.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the Rosenkranz-based retrieval 
coefficients to all MWR prior to April 2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be 
undertaken to apply the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed.  Read 
reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to ensure you are aware which 
retrieval is in play.

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)

SGP/MWR/B4 - Reprocess: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive the precipitable 
water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the MWR brightness temperatures were 
based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant 
(1957) liquid water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more recent Rosenkranz 
(1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption 
model were developed.  The Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent 
increase in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe liquid water 
absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the Grant model.  However, the 
increased oxygen absorption caused a 0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was 
particularly significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and Clough, TGARS v. 43, 
pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN 
compilation, which is 5 percent smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in 
Rosenkranz (1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more accurate retrievals. 
Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients have been developed using MONORTM, which 
utilizes the HITRAN compilation for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals 
provide 3 percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous retrievals based on 
Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based retrievals, for 
most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at SGP.B4 20020415.2300.  The 
MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active at SGP.B4 20050624.2100.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the Rosenkranz-based retrieval 
coefficients to all MWR prior to April 2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be 
undertaken to apply the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. Read 
reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to ensure you are aware which 
retrieval is in play.

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)

• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

SGP/MWR/B5 - Reprocess: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based 
retrievals, for most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data 
using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at SGP.B5 
20020415.2300.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at SGP.B5 20050624.2100.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the 
Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients to all MWR prior to April 
2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be undertaken to apply 
the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. 
Read reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to 
ensure you are aware which retrieval is in play.

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)

SGP/MWR/B6 - Reprocess: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based 
retrievals, for most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data 
using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at SGP.B6 
20020416.2200.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at SGP.B6 20050624.1942.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the 
Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients to all MWR prior to April 
2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be undertaken to apply 
the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. 
Read reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to 
ensure you are aware which retrieval is in play.

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)

SGP/MWR/E14 - Reprocess: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

Although the MWR data will be reprocessed to apply the new monortm-based 
retrievals, for most purposes it will be sufficient to correct the data 
using the following factors:

PWV_MONORTM = 0.9695 * PWV_ROSENKRANZ
LWP_MONORTM = 1.026  * LWP_ROSENKRANZ

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at SGP.E14 
20020416.0000.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at SGP.E14 20050628.2300.

Note: a reprocessing effort is already underway to apply the 
Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients to all MWR prior to April 
2002.  An additional reprocessing task will be undertaken to apply 
the MONORTM retrieval to all MWR data when the first is completed. 
Read reprocessing comments in the netcdf file header carefully to 
ensure you are aware which retrieval is in play.

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)

• Ensemble average for MWR vapor in window centered about balloon release(mean_vap_mwr)
• Ensemble average for MWR liquid in window centered about balloon release(mean_liq_mwr)

SGP/MWR/B1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 9/13/2005 at 21:25. As a consequence 
of this upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from 
~60s to ~50s.

• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)

• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)

SGP/MWR/B4 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)

• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

SGP/MWR/B5 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)

• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)

SGP/MWR/B6 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 9/23/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)

• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)

SGP/MWR/E14 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in May 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 8/1/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)

SGP/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in July 2002. The software 
had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage. Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced these 
problems.

The new MWR software, version 4.15, was installed on 08/04/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to 
~50s.

• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky31tip)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbsky23tip)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)

• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)